scholarly journals Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de A. Silva ◽  
John L. Jifon ◽  
Jorge A.G. da Silva ◽  
Vivek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Drought is one of the major limitations to plant productivity worldwide. Identifying suitable screening tools and quantifiable traits would facilitate the crop improvement process for drought tolerance. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of four relatively physiological parameters (variable-to-maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence ratio, F v/F m; estimated leaf chlorophyll content via SPAD index; leaf temperature, LT; and, leaf relative water content, RWC) to distinguish between drought tolerant and susceptible sugarcane genotypes subjected to a 90-d drought cycle. Eight field-grown genotypes were studied. By 45 d after the onset of treatments, the F v/F m, SPAD index and RWC of drought-stressed plants had declined significantly in all genotypes compared to values at the onset of well-watered treatments. However, the reductions were more severe in leaves of susceptible genotypes. Under drought stress, the tolerant genotypes as a group, maintained higher F v/F m (8%), SPAD index (15%), and RWC (16%) than susceptible genotypes. In general, LT of drought-stressed plants was higher (~4ºC) than that of well-watered plants but the relative increase was greater among drought susceptible genotypes. Under drought stress, LT of tolerant genotypes was on average 2.2ºC lower than that of susceptible genotypes. The results are consistent with the tolerant-susceptible classification of these genotypes and indicate that these tools can be reliable in screening for drought tolerance, with F v/F m, SPAD index and LT having the added advantage of being nondestructive and easily and quickly assessed.

scholarly journals Differential responses of antioxidants and dehydrin expression in two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivars contrasting in drought tolerance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Guofu Hu ◽  
Guoqiang Wu ◽  
Guodao Liu ◽  
Hengfu Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

AbstractDrought stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and development in many regions of the world. This study was designed to investigate antioxidant metabolism and dehydrin expression responses to drought stress in two switchgrass cultivars (drought tolerant Alamo, and drought sensitive Dacotah) contrasting in drought tolerance. The plants were subjected to well-watered [100% evapotranspiration (ET)] or drought stress (30%-50% ET) conditions for up to 24 d in growth chambers. Drought stress decreased leaf relative water content (RWC), increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content in two cultivars, but Alamo exhibited higher leaf RWC level, lower leaf EL and MDA when compared to Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Drought stress also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in two cultivars, Alamo had relatively higher SOD, CAT and APX activities and greater abundance of SOD and APX isozymes than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Alamo had higher abundance of 55 KDa and 18 KDa dehydrin accumulation than Dacotah under drought treatment. Relative genes expression level of PvCAT1, PvAPX2, PvERD and PvPIP1;5 in Alamo were significantly higher than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. These results suggest that increase in antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of dehydrin were highly related with switchgrass drought tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme activity, isozyme expression and dehydrin abundance could provide a useful screening tool to identify relative drought tolerance in switchgrass cultivars.

Evaluation of diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm accessions for drought tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Nkoana ◽  
Abe Shegro Gerrano ◽  
E.T. Gwata
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

The genetic potential for drought tolerance in cowpea within the small holder sector has not been fully exploited in South Africa. Thus, a drought evaluation experiment was conducted at the ARC-VOP to evaluate 28 cowpea germplasm accessions including two controls viz. IT96D-602 (drought tolerant) and TVU7778 (susceptible to drought) in the drought screening house using plastic box evaluation method in January, 2017. Genotypes raised for three weeks were subjected to 5 weeks of water stress treatment to determine their physiological response through leaf wilting index, relative water content and proline content followed by re-watering to determine genotype (s) with ability to recover from drought stress. Analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in response to moisture stress among the cowpea accessions for the selected physiological traits except for leaf wilting index at week two of drought stress. Stem greenness and recovery appeared to be a reliable indicator of drought tolerant genotypes which was readily observed in Acc1257, Acc1168, Acc2355, IT96D-602 and Acc5352 which also correlated significantly and positively with relative water content and proline content. The genotypes responded differently to drought stress indicating that there is sufficient genetic variability that can be utilized further in breeding for drought stress within the cowpea species.

scholarly journals Differential Physiological Responses and Genetic Variations in Fine Fescue Species for Heat and Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Wang ◽  
Patrick Burgess ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Prolonged Heat ◽  
Fine Fescue

Summer decline is typically characterized by heat and drought stress and is a major concern for fine fescue species (Festuca). The objectives of this study were to examine whether heat or drought stress is more detrimental, and to determine the genotypic variations in heat and drought tolerance for fine fescues. A total of 26 cultivars, including seven hard fescues (Festuca trachyphylla), eight chewings fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. commutate), seven strong creeping red fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. rubra), two sheep fescues (Festuca ovina ssp. hirtula), and two slender creeping red fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. littoralis) were subjected to prolonged heat or drought stress in growth chambers. Several physiological parameters, including turf quality (TQ), electrolyte leakage (EL), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) chlorophyll content (Chl), and relative water content (RWC) were measured in plants exposed to heat or drought stress. The results indicated that heat stress was more detrimental than drought stress for fine fescue species. Based on TQ and major physiological parameters (EL and Fv/Fm) under heat stress, several cultivars with good heat tolerance were selected, including ‘Blue Ray’, ‘Spartan II’, ‘MN-HD1’, ‘Shoreline’, ‘Navigator II’, ‘Azure’, ‘Beacon’, ‘Aurora Gold’, ‘Reliant IV’, ‘Marco Polo’, ‘Garnet’, ‘Wendy Jean’, ‘Razor’, and ‘Cindy Lou’. Based on TQ and major physiological parameters (EL, RWC, and Fv/Fm) under drought stress, several cultivars with good drought tolerance were selected, including ‘Spartan II’, ‘MN-HD1’, ‘Reliant IV’, ‘Garnet’, ‘Azure’, and ‘Aurora Gold’. These cultivars could be used in hot, dry, or both environments and as breeding germplasm for developing heat tolerance, drought tolerance, or both.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Avoidance Traits for Six Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. McCann ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare drought responses between the more recently developed creeping bentgrass cultivars to standard cultivars and 2) to determine differential drought tolerance and avoidance characteristics associated with cultivar variation in drought resistance. Six cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferia) (‘Penn A-4’, ‘Independence’, ‘Declaration’, ‘L-93’, ‘Penncross’, and ‘Putter’) were maintained in growth chambers at 20 °C day/15 °C night either well-watered or exposed to drought stress by withholding water for 17 days. Cultivars varied in turf performance and physiological responses (leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency) to drought stress, which was reflected in their differences in drought tolerance (osmotic adjustment) and drought avoidance traits (water use rate and efficiency, root viability, root length, and number). ‘Penn A-4,’ ‘Independence,’ and ‘L-93’ generally performed better than other three cultivars under drought conditions, mainly through maintaining higher water use efficiency, root viability, root elongation, or root production. The majority of physiological parameters evaluated suggested that of the six creeping bentgrass cultivars examined in this study, the three cultivars with better ability to survive drought stress used mainly avoidance traits related to water use and water uptake.

Stomatal and physiological response of contrasting Z. mauritiana (Lamk.) clones to water stress

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

AbstractWater stress is one of the major limitations to fruit production worldwide. Identifying suitable indicators, screening techniques and quantifiable traits would facilitate the genetic improvement process for water stress tolerance. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of physiological parameters (Transpiration, E; Fv/Fm; leaf water potential, ψleaf; leaf temperature, LT; and, leaf relative water content, RWC) to distinguish between contrasting Z. mauritiana clones subjected to a 30-d drought cycle. Four field-grown clones Seb and Gola (tetraploid) and Q 29 and B 5/4 (diploid) were studied. By 30 d after the onset of water stress treatment, the E, Fv/Fm, ψleaf and RWC of drought-stressed plants had declined significantly in all genotypes compared to values of well-watered treatments. However, the reductions were more severe in leaves of diploid clones. Under drought stress, the Seb and Gola, maintained higher E (31.5%), Fv/Fm (6.28%), ψleaf; (11.2%), and RWC (9.3 %) than Q 29 and B 5/4 clones. In general, LT of drought-stressed plants was higher (~4°C) than that of well-watered plants but the relative increase was greater among later than former ones. Under maximum drought stress, LT of Seb and Gola clones was on average 3.0°C lower than that of Q 29 and B 5/4. Former clones yielded 20% more than later ones, mainly reason being (14.8%) less fruit drop as an effect of water stress. The results indicate that presented parameters can be reliable in screening for water stress tolerance ability, with Fv/Fm, ψleaf, RWC and LT having the added advantage of being easily and quickly assessed.

Distinct morpho-physiological and biochemical features of arid and hyper-arid ecotypes of Ziziphus nummularia under drought suggest its higher tolerance compared to semi-arid ecotype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P N Sivalingam ◽  
Mahesh M Mahajan ◽  
Viswanathan Satheesh ◽  
Sarita Chauhan ◽  
Harish Changal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Ziziphus Nummularia ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Tree species in the arid and semi-arid regions use various strategies to combat drought stress. Ziziphus nummularia, native to the Thar Desert in India, is highly drought-tolerant. To identify the most drought-tolerant ecotype of Z. nummularia, one ecotype each from semi-arid (Godhra, annual rainfall > 750 mm), arid (Bikaner, 250–350 mm) and hyper-arid (Jaisalmer, < 150 mm) regions was selected along with two other Ziziphus species; Z. mauritiana and Z. rotundifolia, and screened for parameters contributing to drought tolerance. Among these, Z. nummularia (Jaisalmer) (CIAHZN-J) was the most drought-tolerant. The tolerance nature of CIAHZN-J was associated with increased membrane stability, root length and number, length of hairs and thorns, root dry/fresh weight ratio, seed germination (at −0.5 MPa), proline content (31 fold), catalase and sugar content (2 to 3 fold). Apart from these characteristics, it also exhibited the longest duration to reach highest cumulative drought stress rating, maintained higher relative water content for a longer period of time with reduced leaf size, leaf rolling and falling of older leaves, and displayed sustained shoot growth during drought stress. To determine drought tolerance in Ziziphus, we developed a morphological symptom-based screening technique in this study. Additionally, transcriptome profiling of CIAHZN-J in response to drought revealed the up-regulation of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport, ABA biosynthesis, osmo-regulation, ROS homeostasis and maintaining water potential. Expression profiles and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR results further correlated with the physiological and biochemical mechanisms. In conclusion, CIAHZN-J is an excellent genetic stock for the identification of drought-responsive genes and can also be deployed in crop improvement programmes for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Wheat Responses, Defence Mechanisms and Tolerance to Drought Stress: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Savyata Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major basic stable crops grown worldwide, however, it is sensitive to environmental stresses like drought. With climate change, drought stress is becoming an increasingly severe constraint on wheat production which affects the plant growth and development, physiological functions, grain formation, grain quality and ultimately the yield. Various responses including biochemical, physiological, morphological, and molecular adaptations are shown by plants to survive in the drought stress condition. Drought escape, avoidance and tolerance are important coping mechanisms of wheat plant under drought environment. Several mechanisms such as accumulation of ABA, osmotic adjustment, and induction of dehydrins may confer drought tolerance by maintaining the high tissue water potential. As the root structure and root biomass define the pattern of water extraction from the soil, enhanced root and suppressed shoot growth resulting in higher root: shoot ratio facilitated plants to drought tolerance. The development of drought tolerance varieties becomes an important due to the uneven distribution of rainfall and water shortage. Some growth stage-specific physio-morphological traits are fundamental targets to breed drought-tolerant wheat varieties. Mutation breeding, molecular breeding, genome engineering techniques including gene pyramiding, gene stacking, and transgenics are employed to breed wheat for tolerance to abiotic stresses including drought. Omics decode the entire genome to have better understanding of plant molecular responses that will provide precise strategies for crop improvement. This paper discusses the wheat plant’s responses to drought stress, their defense mechanisms and modern techniques for the development of drought tolerant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Antioxidative Responses and Candidate Gene Expression in Prairie Junegrass under Drought Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Jiang ◽  
Eric Watkins ◽  
Shuwei Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Yu ◽  
Na Luo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Antioxidative Responses ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme Activities ◽  
Koeleria Macrantha ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Copper Zinc

Prairie junegrass (Koeleria macrantha) is a native cool-season C3 grass that has shown potential as a low-input turfgrass. An increased understanding of the physiological and molecular responses of prairie junegrass to water-deficit conditions is important for developing cultivars with enhanced drought tolerance. The objective of this study was to characterize the antioxidative responses and candidate gene expression in prairie junegrass subjected to drought stress. Two drought-tolerant (TOL-1 and TOL-2) and two drought-susceptible (SUS-1 and SUS-2) genotypes of prairie junegrass were subjected to 7 days of drought stress. Leaf relative water content (RWC) of SUS-1 and SUS-2 was 72.1% and 73.8% and RWC of TOL-1 and TOL-2 was 90.1% and 85.4% in drought-stressed plants, respectively. Drought stress did not affect chlorophyll fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), or glutathione reductase for tolerant or susceptible genotypes. The TOL-2 and SUS-2 genotypes were further examined for candidate gene expression. Drought stress did not alter expression levels of CAT and chloroplastic copper/zinc SOD (Cu/ZnSOD), but increased levels of APX in either genotype, compared with their relative controls. Expression of P5CS encoding Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and P5CR encoding Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase for proline biosynthesis were up-regulated under drought stress for both genotypes; however, expression of P5CR was more strongly induced under drought stress for TOL-2, compared with its control. The expression of 1-FFT encoding fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase, which is involved in fructan biosynthesis, was strongly induced under drought stress for TOL-2 but not detected under either control or drought stress conditions for SUS-2. These results indicate that the genes involved in proline and fructan biosynthesis may play an important role in drought tolerance in prairie junegrass.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on morpho-physiological traits in some traditional rice cultivars of Kokrajhar district, Assam, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Sarma* ◽  
Neeva Rani Basumatary ◽  
Shamsun Nahar ◽  
Bhaben Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Traditional Rice

Water status is one of the critical factors affecting rice production. Rice cultivars tolerant to drought stress at the vegetative stage were selected. Six traditional rice cultivars of Kokrajhar district, Assam, namely, Sali, Bora, Ahu, Malsira, and two variety of Jaha i.e.; white and black were included in this study. The germination index, plant growth, root architecture, leaf rolling, leaf death and leaf relative water content in plants subjected to drought stress for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days were recorded. Based upon the levels of water stress tolerance, three groups of rice cultivars were recognized, as follows: highly drought-tolerant, moderately drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars. The Joha (white) rice cultivar was considered to be a highly drought-tolerant cultivar. The moderately drought-tolerant cultivars included Joha (black), Ahu, Sali and Bora. The Malsira cultivar was considered sensitive to drought.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Induces Morpho-Physiological and Proteome Changes of Pandanus amaryllifolius

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asyraf Mohd Amnan ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat ◽  
Fiqri Dizar Khaidizar ◽  
Boon Chin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Proteome Changes ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Pandanus Amaryllifolius

Drought is one of the significant threats to the agricultural sector. However, there is limited knowledge on plant response to drought stress and post-drought recovery. Pandanus amaryllifolius, a moderate drought-tolerant plant, is well-known for its ability to survive in low-level soil moisture conditions. Understanding the molecular regulation of drought stress signaling in this plant could help guide the rational design of crop plants to counter this environmental challenge. This study aimed to determine the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and protein changes of P. amaryllifolius in response to drought stress and during recovery. Drought significantly reduced the leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content of P. amaryllifolius. In contrast, relative electrolyte leakage, proline and malondialdehyde contents, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the drought-treated and recovered samples were relatively higher than the well-watered sample. The protein changes between drought-stressed, well-watered, and recovered plants were evaluated using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Of the 1415 differentially abundant proteins, 74 were significantly altered. The majority of proteins differing between them were related to carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, stress response, and antioxidant activity. This is the first study that reports the protein changes in response to drought stress in Pandanus. The data generated provide an insight into the drought-responsive mechanisms in P. amaryllifolius.

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