scholarly journals When temporal attention lacks confidence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Recht ◽  
Pascal Mamassian ◽  
Vincent de Gardelle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Temporal Attention ◽  
Confidence Judgments ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selective Process ◽  
Different Time Scales ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAccurate decision-making requires estimating the uncertainty of perceptual events. Temporal attention is known to enhance the selection of a stimulus at a relevant time, but how does this selective process affect a decision’s confidence? Here, we adapted an “Attentional blink” paradigm to investigate the effect of temporal attention on confidence judgments. In a RSVP stream of letters, two targets were cued to induce two successive attentional episodes. We found that the confidence ratings given to an item systematically followed the probability with which this item was reported. This coupling made confidence oblivious to selection delays usually observed when the two targets were separated by long intervals (249ms to 747ms). In particular, during this period, confidence was higher for more delayed item selection. One exception to this relationship between confidence and temporal selection was found when the second target appeared soon after (83ms) the first attentional episode. Here, a strong under-confidence bias was observed. Importantly, however, this early confidence bias did not impact confidence sensitivity in discriminating correct and erroneous responses. These results suggest that temporal attention and confidence can operate at different time scales, a difference which seems to reflect high-level heuristic biases rather than segregated processes for decision and confidence evidence.

scholarly journals Drought Monitoring in Chaharmahl-Bakhtiyari Province in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Mojgan Abasi ◽  
Javad Bazrafshan
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Drought Occurrence ◽  
Different Time Scales ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The monitoring of drought is the most important factor in water resources management. This study focuses on evaluation of the drought characteristics such as intensity, frequency and duration drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in different time scales such as: SPI1, SPI3 months, during 1980-2012. The results show that selection of different time scales can be based on management goals and kind of drought. The results of the drought occurrence frequency showed that, with increase of length of time scales, drought duration will increase and maximum frequency was at the normal level and there is no particular procedure in different time scales. Furthermore, Drought patterns maps showed that the northern and central parts of study area had experienced these recent droughts more than other places, and these place have potential to destroy the lands. So, by identification of sensitivity regions can be take appropriate management to prevent damage resulting of drought.

Study on a Decision Making Methodology with Uncertainties in the Selection Process of Preliminary Investigation Areas

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tsuchi ◽  
Toshihiro Seo ◽  
Richard Metcalfe ◽  
Kenji Kawano ◽  
Hiroyasu Takase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Evidential Support ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hlw Repository ◽  
Level Process ◽  
Specific Evaluation ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTThe selection of Preliminary Investigation Areas (PIAs) to be considered in the siting procedure for a Japanese High Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) repository, will require Site-specific Evaluation Factors (SSEF) to be considered. Evaluation of these factors requires a methodology for taking into account various kinds of uncertainties in varied types of literature data. The study described here evaluated the application of Evidential Support Logic (ESL) for this purpose. The approach involves constructing hierarchical process models. Uncertainties are then propagated from the lowest processes, corresponding to data or information, through intermediate processes, to some top level process of interest, such as “assessing the existence of an active fault”. To evaluate the usefulness of ESL a hypothetical site was assessed. The results demonstrate the value of the approach to support decision-making in the selection of PIAs.

scholarly journals Emotional states and self-confidence independently fluctuate at different time scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María da Fonseca ◽  
Giovanni Maffei ◽  
Aleksandar Matic ◽  
Rubén Moreno Bote ◽  
Alexandre Hyafil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Different Time Scales

Emotional states are an important ingredient of decision-making. Human beings are immersed into a sea of emotions where episodes of high mood alternate with episodes of low mood. While changes in mood are well characterized, little is known about how these fluctuations interact with metacognition, and in particular with our perception of having made the right choice. Here, we evaluate how implicit measurements of confidence are related with the emotional states of human participants through two online longitudinal experiments involving mood self-reports and visual discrimination decision-making tasks. Self-confidence was assessed on each session by monitoring the proportion of opt-out trials when an opt-out option was available, as well as the mean reaction times on standard correct trials. We first report a strong coupling between the mood, stress, food enjoyment and quality of sleep reported by participants in the same session. Second, we confirmed that the proportion of opt-out responses as well as reaction times in non-opt-out trials provided reliable indices of self-confidence in each session. We introduce a normative measure of overconfidence based on the pattern of opt-out selection and the signal-detection-theory framework. Finally and crucially, we found that mood, sleep quality, food enjoyment and stress level are not coupled with self-confidence, but rather they fluctuate at different time scales: emotional states expose faster fluctuations (over one day or half-a-day) than self-confidence level (two-and-a-half days). Therefore, our findings suggest that emotional states and confidence in decision making spontaneously fluctuate in an independent manner in the healthy adult population.

scholarly journals Selection of a tool to decision making for site selection for high level waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Jonni Guiller Madeira ◽  
Antônio Carlos M. Alvim ◽  
Vivian B. Martins ◽  
Nilton A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Innovative manufacturing planning based on integrated methodology of rational alternative selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Iryna Kryvonohova ◽  
Yulia Brovkina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effectiveness Assessment ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Innovation is one of the major factors of economic growth in modern economy on the macrolevel, and a prominent contributor to an enterprise's profit increase at microlevel. Nevertheless, innovation activity is accompanied by a high level of risk and may cause significant losses. Thus, the problem of limiting the risk by developing rational methods of decision making is relevant. Aim and tasks. The article aims at development of integrated methodology for taking a decision as to selection of rational innovative production alternative based on the usage of a group of decision making methods in dependency on conditions under which the decision is being taken. Results. The article analyses decision making process in the context of system approach and defines stages of decision making. Criteria of effective decision are described and classified. Methods of decision making are observed and classified according to the conditions of decision making. The necessary components of integrated methodology of  selection of rational innovative production alternative are defined. The formation principles and general structure of the integrated methodology of selection of rational innovative production alternative are described. Conclusions. The task of decision effectiveness assessment is complicated by simultaneous existence of number of performance goals with different suitability for formal evaluation, negative correlation between speed and accuracy of decision making, and temporal distance between decision making process and goal achievement, which requires employment of discounting methods. The above-mentioned factors determine the necessity for an integrated criterion, which includes economic efficiency indicators but is not reduced to them. Thus, integrated methodology of selection of rational innovative production alternative consists of multicriteria decision making solution, assessment of sufficient range of alternatives, allowance for uncertainty as to input information about criteria, inclusion of different types of criteria measurement, provision of possibility to use alternative information at all stages of decision making process.

Executive Board Report to the IMFC on Reform of Fund Governance

Policy Papers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Rapid Responses ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Fund Governance ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

This paper responds to the request in the April 2009 IMFC communiqué for the Executive Board to report on governance reform. The current crisis has shown that the Fund’s decision-making structures can deliver the kind of innovative and rapid responses the membership needs and expects. Even so, there is an undercurrent of doubt about the future, reflecting the perception that much of the recent responsiveness has been driven by outside forces (e.g., the G-20) and that, once the crisis fades, old dissatisfactions with vote, voice and process will resurface to undermine the political backing that has been key to the Fund’s renewal. Hence, the IMFC’s interest in reforms to underpin the institution’s legitimacy and effectiveness is important and timely. This report focuses on five areas: fair quota share; high-level engagement; effective decision-making and representation at the Executive Board; open selection of management (and, more broadly, staff diversity); and updating of the Fund’s mandate.

Identifying Measurement Invariant Item Sets in Cross-Cultural Settings Using an Automated Item Selection Procedure

Methodology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schultze ◽  
Michael Eid
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Ant System ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
Ant System Algorithm ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In the construction of scales intended for the use in cross-cultural studies, the selection of items needs to be guided not only by traditional criteria of item quality, but has to take information about the measurement invariance of the scale into account. We present an approach to automated item selection which depicts the process as a combinatorial optimization problem and aims at finding a scale which fulfils predefined target criteria – such as measurement invariance across cultures. The search for an optimal solution is performed using an adaptation of the [Formula: see text] Ant System algorithm. The approach is illustrated using an application to item selection for a personality scale assuming measurement invariance across multiple countries.

Radiological safety and assessment of the performance of X-ray systems in veterinary facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Economides ◽  
C.J. Hourdakis ◽  
C. Pafilis ◽  
G. Simantirakis ◽  
P. Tritakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radiological Safety ◽  
High Level

This paper concerns an analysis regarding the performance of X-ray equipment as well as the radiological safety in veterinary facilities. Data were collected from 380 X-ray veterinary facilities countrywide during the on-site regulatory inspections carried out by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission. The analysis of the results shows that the majority of the veterinary radiographic systems perform within the acceptable limits; moreover, the design and shielding of X-ray rooms as well as the applied procedures ensure a high level of radiological safety for the practitioners, operators and the members of the public. An issue that requires specific attention in the optimization process for the proper implementation of veterinary radiology practices in terms of radiological safety is the continuous training of the personnel. The above findings and the regulatory experience gained were valuable decision-making elements regarding the type of the regulatory control of veterinary radiology practices in the new radiation protection framework.

Selection of Contractor Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Tools

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
S.PUSHPARANI S.PUSHPARANI ◽  
◽  
Dr.S.SENTHAMILKUMAR Dr.S.SENTHAMILKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Selection Of

Decision making power of college girls in relation to clothing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Gill ◽  
Poonam Malik ◽  
Pankaj Gill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study was undertaken to explore the decision making patterns of college girls in relation to clothing and their satisfaction level with these decision making patterns. Thirty under graduate college girls from Panipat city were approached to record their responses regarding decision making in relation to clothing and satisfaction level through a well structured questionnaire. It was found that most of the girls (56.66%) themselves made the decisions about the type of garment (Indian, western or both) they wear and majority of girls (70%) were highly satisfied with this decision making. Parents performed the role of buyers for their college going daughters' garments in most of the cases (63.33%) and the 73.33% girls had high level of satisfaction with this. In most of the cases (60%) the decision about the garment design was made by the girls themselves and they were highly satisfied with it. Keywords: clothing, college, girls, decision making.

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