scholarly journals Computational Geometric Tools for Modeling Inherent Variability in Animal Behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Stamps ◽  
Soo Go ◽  
Ajay S. Mathuru
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Shape Alignment ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
Geometric Techniques ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Common Action ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTA fundamental challenge for behavioral neuroscientists is to represent inherent variability among animals accurately without compromising the ability to quantify differences between conditions. We developed two new methods that apply curve and shape alignment techniques to address this issue. As a proof-of-concept we applied these methods to compare normal or alarmed behavior in pairs of medaka (Oryzias latipes). The curve alignment method we call Behavioral Distortion Distance (BDD) revealed that alarmed fish display less predictable swimming over time, even if individuals incorporate the same action patterns like immobility, sudden changes in swimming trajectory, or changing their position in the water column. The Conformal Spatiotemporal Distance (CSD) technique on the other hand revealed that, in spite of the unpredictability, alarmed individuals share an overall swim pattern, possibly accounting for the widely held notion of “stereotypy” in alarm responses. More generally, we propose that these new applications of known computational geometric techniques are useful in combination to represent, compare, and quantify complex behaviors consisting of common action patterns that differ in duration, sequence, or frequency.

scholarly journals Computational geometric tools for quantitative comparison of locomotory behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Stamps ◽  
Soo Go ◽  
Ajay S. Mathuru
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Shape Alignment ◽  
Locomotory Behavior ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Geometric Techniques ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Common Action

Abstract A fundamental challenge for behavioral neuroscientists is to accurately quantify (dis)similarities in animal behavior without excluding inherent variability present between individuals. We explored two new applications of curve and shape alignment techniques to address this issue. As a proof-of-concept we applied these methods to compare normal or alarmed behavior in pairs of medaka (Oryzias latipes). The curve alignment method we call Behavioral Distortion Distance (BDD) revealed that alarmed fish display less predictable swimming over time, even if individuals incorporate the same action patterns like immobility, sudden changes in swimming trajectory, or changing their position in the water column. The Conformal Spatiotemporal Distance (CSD) technique on the other hand revealed that, in spite of the unpredictability, alarmed individuals exhibit lower variability in overall swim patterns, possibly accounting for the widely held notion of “stereotypy” in alarm responses. More generally, we propose that these new applications of established computational geometric techniques are useful in combination to represent, compare, and quantify complex behaviors consisting of common action patterns that differ in duration, sequence, or frequency.

Polymerase synthesis of base-modified DNA: new methods and new applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Balintová ◽  
Jitka Daďová ◽  
Pavel Kielkowski ◽  
Petra Ménová ◽  
Zuzana Vaníková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Methods ◽  
Modified Dna ◽  
New Applications

Increasing Treatment Lifetime through Sustained Release of Scale Inhibitor from Scale Inhibitor Nanoparticles

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Huili Guan ◽  
Austin Lim ◽  
Joshua Hernandez ◽  
Jenn-Tai Liang
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Linear Scale ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment ◽  
Over Time

Summary Scale can cause flow assurance issues because of damage to the near-wellbore region and in production facilities. Scale inhibitors are often used to help mitigate these problems. The main focus of this proof-of-concept study is to examine the ability of a newly developed crosslinked nanosized scale inhibitor (NSI) particle to inhibit scale formation through sustained release of scale inhibitor into a model brine and increase scale inhibitor treatment lifetime. Results from minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) measurements showed that, at 95°C, the MIC decreased gradually from 10 ppm at day 0 to 5 ppm after 9 days and eventually reached a very low MIC of 2 ppm after 49 days. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that the sustained release of linear scale inhibitor from the NSI would result in a decrease in MIC over time caused by an increased amount of linear scale inhibitor being released into the model brine. Also, attaching 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic functional group (AMPS) to NSI successfully inhibits the pseudoscale formation when the scale inhibitor comes into contact with the calcium and magnesium in the model brine. Results from sandpack floods showed that NSI increased the treatment lifetime from 3 pore volumes (PV) postflush throughput, for the traditional scale inhibitor, to 35 to 105 PV postflush throughput. These results support our hypothesis that sustained release of the trapped NSI nanoparticles can improve the treatment lifetime.

Classification of Chaotic Behaviors in Jerky Dynamical Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Chaotic Systems ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Over Time

Differential equations are widely used to model systems that change over time, some of which exhibit chaotic behaviors. This paper proposes two new methods to classify these behaviors that are utilized by a supervised machine learning algorithm. Dissipative chaotic systems, in contrast to conservative chaotic systems, seem to follow a certain visual pattern. Also, the machine learning program written in the Wolfram Language is utilized to classify chaotic behavior with an accuracy around 99.1±1.1%.

USING OF SOME HIGH TECHNOLOGIES AGAINST MODERN INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Никифорович Валяев
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Special Session ◽  
Technology Center ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Nuclear Environment ◽  
High Technologies ◽  
Over Time

Сегодня главными угрозами для существования всего человечества являются нарастание интенсивности, в том числе широкомасштабные природные и техногенные катастрофы и международный терроризм (МТ). Согласно прогнозам эта негативная тенденция со временем усилится в 21 веке. И к ним добавился очень опасный вирус COVID-19. Здесь мы представляем результаты наших МТ-исследований по результатам участия в международных тематических мероприятиях, таких как международные научные мероприятия НАТО и Международного научно-технического центра (МНТЦ), в том числе некоторые фрагменты моей работы в качестве члена Международного Научный комитет Международной конференции по моделированию и симуляции хаоса (CHAOS) и руководитель его специальной сессии: «Моделирование оценки рисков для ядерных, экологических и техногенных источников». Особое внимание уделяется организации и проведению подобных мероприятий, направленных на повышение их эффективности и проведения. Предоставляется информация о новых методах борьбы с МТ и предотвращения её возможных действий. Обсуждаются вопросы использования новых технологий, посвященных сегодняшней борьбе с COVID-19 и группировкам МТ Талибан в Афганистане. Today the main great treats for existence of all humanity are intensity increasing and including wide scale natural and manmade catastrophes and international terrorism (IT). According to forecasts, this negative trend will increase over time in the 21st century. And very dangerous COVID-19 was added to them. Here we present the results of our IT researches on the results of participation in international thematic events, such as the international scientific events of NATO and the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC), including some fragments of my work as the member of the International Scientific Committee of Chaotic Modeling and Simulation International Conference (CHAOS) and chief of its Special Session: “Modeling risk assessment for nuclear, environment and manmade sources”. The special attention is paid to the organization and conduct of such events aimed at increasing their effectiveness and implementation. Information is provided on new methods of combating IT and preventing its possible acts. Using of new technologies, devoted to today struggle against COVID-19 and IT Taliban groups in Afghanistan are under discussion.

The Measure of Law

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Bailey ◽  
Forrest Maltzman
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Preference Change ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

This chapter articulates the challenges that any empirically oriented scholar would have in devising a measure of judicial preferences. It shows that it is impossible to make robust across-time comparisons using only Court voting. However, if we incorporate additional data we can create a measure of ideology that meets our needs and has face validity. The estimates we produce accord much better with the general understanding of Court movements over time as they indicate that Nixon's appointees moved the Court modestly to the right but that the Court remained quite moderate in historical terms in the early 1970s. The fundamental challenge is that it is hard to separate preference change from agenda change.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Charles Devellennes
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

This chapter gives introduces the gilet jaunes. The gilets jaunes, a group of French protesters named after their iconic yellow vests donned during demonstrations, have formed a new type of social movement. The gilets jaunes have been variously interpreted since they began their occupation of French roundabouts. They were at first received with enthusiasm on the right of the French political establishment, and with caution on the left. The fourth weekend saw scenes of violence erupt on the Champs Élysées, notably around and within the Arc de Triomphe, which towers over the first roundabout built in France. The headlines of newspapers and stories of the news media became almost exclusively focused on the violence of the protests. Images of state violence became ever-present on Twitter and independent media outlets, making it clear that it was the use of disproportionate force by police units that was at the centre of the events. The chapter explains that the aim of the book is to show that the use of violence is not the only tale to be told about the role of the protesters in the contemporary French context. Their contribution to the political landscape of France is quite different. They have provided a fundamental challenge to the social contract in France, the implicit pact between the governed and their political leaders. The movement has seen the numbers of participants diminish over time, but the underlying tension between the haves and the have-nots, the winners of globalization and those at risk of déclassement [social downgrading], are enduring and persistent.

scholarly journals A Reusable Perfused Human Cadaver Model for Surgical Training: An Initial Proof of Concept Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M Held ◽  
Robert B McLendon ◽  
Christian S McEvoy ◽  
Travis M Polk
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Regional Perfusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Suture Repair ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Today’s surgical trainees have less exposure to open vascular and trauma procedures. Lightly embalmed cadavers may allow a reusable model that maximizes resources and allows for repeat surgical training over time. Methods This was a three-phased study that was conducted over several months. Segments of soft-embalmed cadaver vessels were harvested and perfused with tap water. To test durability, vessels were clamped, then an incision was made and repaired with 5-0 polypropylene. Tolerance to suturing and clamping was graded. In a second phase, both an arterial-synthetic graft and an arterial-venous anastomosis were performed and tested at 90 mmHg perfusion. In the final phase, lower extremity regional perfusion was performed and vascular control of a simulated injury was achieved. Results Seven arteries and six veins from four cadavers were explanted. All vessels accommodated suture repair over 6 weeks. There was minor leaking at all previous clamp sites. In the anastomotic phase, vessels tolerated grafting, clamping, and perfusion without tearing or leaking. Regional perfusion provided a life-like training scenario. Conclusions Explanted vessels of soft-embalmed cadavers show adequate durability over time with realistic vascular surgery handling characteristics. This shows promise as initial proof of concept for a reusable perfused cadaver model. Further study with serial regional and whole-body perfusion is warranted.

Processing Technologies Applied for Realizing New Medical Micro-Devices Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Aurel Valentin Bîrdeanu ◽  
Mihaela Bîrdeanu ◽  
Gabriel Gruionu ◽  
Lucian Gheorghe Gruionu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Nitinol Alloy ◽  
Bio Compatibility ◽  
Mechanical Machining ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents the new methods of use of processing technologies for realizing proof-of-concept new medical micro-devices components. By using both classical mechanical machining and unconventional laser beam cutting and welding combined with soldering two proof-of-concept medical devices components were realized. The materials processed were stainless steel and super-elastic nitinol alloy. The selection of the processing technologies was done based on the specific requirements of the devices components as well as the characteristics of the applied materials. The selected technologies were fit for the requirements of the proof-of-concept medical micro-devices components, further RTD work being needed in order to comply with the bio-compatibility and in-exploitation requirements. The specific outcomes of using classical mechanical machining and laser beam processing are presented.

The mineral world

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-194
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bloxam
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Over Time

This chapter considers past and current research of procurement landscapes (quarries and mines) and the extent to which landscape archaeologies, together with comparative and cross-cultural methods in practice and theory have impacted on this field of study. Two case studies are presented in which these new methods of survey and characterization of procurement landscape have been deployed, along the Aswan West Bank and in the central Wadi Hammamat (Eastern Desert). The chapter goes on to address the ways in which holistic ‘bottom up’ approaches to interpreting micro-level data offers us fresh insights into understanding the social organization of procurement within broader aspects of social and cultural transformations over time.

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