scholarly journals A Comparison of Drug Delivery into Skin Using Topical Solutions, Needle Injections and Jet Injections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Cu ◽  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Samir Mitragotri ◽  
David Fernandez Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Dispersion Velocity ◽  
Direct Red 81 ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Permanent Make Up ◽  
Needle Injection

AbstractDrug diffusion within the skin with a needle-free micro-jet injection (NFI) device was compared with two well-established delivery methods: topical application and solid needle injection. A permanent make-up (PMU) machine, normally used for dermal pigmentation, was utilized as a solid needle injection method. For NFIs a continuous wave (CW) laser diode was used to create a bubble inside a microfluidic device containing a light absorbing solution. Each method delivered two different solutions intoex-vivoporcine skin. The first solution consisted of a red dye (direct red 81) and rhodamine B in water. The second solution was direct red 81 and rhodamine B in water and glycerol. For PMU experiments, the skin samples were kept stationary and the diffusion depth, width and surface area were measured. The NFI has a higher vertical dispersion velocity of 3 × 105μm/s compared to topical (0.1 μm/s) and needle injection (53μm/s). The limitations and advantages of each method are discussed, and we conclude that the micro-jet injector represents a fast and minimally invasive injection method, while the solid needle injector causes notably tissue damage. In contrast, the topical method had the slowest diffusion rate but causes no visible damage to the skin.

scholarly journals Delivery Strategies for Skin: Comparison of Nanoliter Jets, Needles and Topical Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 2028-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Cu ◽  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Samir Mitragotri ◽  
David Fernandez Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Dispersion Velocity ◽  
Direct Red 81 ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Permanent Make Up ◽  
Needle Injection

Abstract Drug diffusion within the skin with a needle-free micro-jet injection (NFI) device was compared with two well-established delivery methods: topical application and solid needle injection. A permanent make-up (PMU) machine, normally used for dermal pigmentation, was utilized as a solid needle injection method. For NFIs a continuous wave (CW) laser diode was used to create a bubble inside a microfluidic device containing a light absorbing solution. Each method delivered two different solutions into ex vivo porcine skin. The first solution consisted of a red dye (direct red 81) and rhodamine B in water. The second solution was direct red 81 and rhodamine B in water and glycerol. We measured the diffusion depth, width and surface area of the solutions in all the injected skin samples. The NFI has a higher vertical dispersion velocity of 3 × 105μm/s compared to topical (0.1 μm/s) and needle injection (53 μm/s). The limitations and advantages of each method are discussed, and we conclude that the micro-jet injector represents a fast and minimally invasive injection method, while the solid needle injector causes notable tissue damage. In contrast, the topical method had the slowest diffusion rate but causes no visible damage to the skin.

scholarly journals Surveying the Delivery Methods of CRISPR/Cas9 for ex vivo Mammalian Cell Engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kelton ◽  
Theresa Pesch ◽  
Stefan Matile ◽  
Sai T. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Engineering ◽  
Delivery Methods

A Model of Tissue Charring During Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation: Estimation of the Char Temperature

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Whelan ◽  
Douglas R. Wyman
Keyword(s):  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Interstitial Laser ◽  
Temperature Time

Abstract Interstitial laser photocoagulation (ELP) was performed ex vivo in lean bovine muscle by delivering 1.5 W of continuous-wave 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser energy from a 400 μm core plane-cut optical fiber. The strategy for determining the char temperature involved measuring temperatures where thermal gradients were reduced, and extracting times at which temperature-time profiles displayed interesting nonlinear changes. These times were used to guide a finite difference thermal model, calculating transient temperatures based on two physical descriptions of tissue charring. Modifications in the optical and thermophysical properties due to tissue coagulation (T ≥ 60 °C) and vaporization of tissue water (T ≥ 100°C), respectively, were considered. By placing measured charring dimensions, 2.0 ± 0.3 mm, on calculated temperature-distance profiles, a tissue charring temperature of 414 ± 92°C was estimated.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENETAPAN KADAR RHODAMIN B DALAM KERUPUK BERWARNA MERAH YANG BEREDAR DI PASAR ANTASARI KOTA BANJARMASIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Eka Kumalasari
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Rhodamin B

Crackers are made from tapioca flour batter mixed with flavorings and colorings, still many outstanding crackers that contain ingredients banned dye Rhodamine B. Rhodamine B is a chemical used for red dye in the textile industry and plastic. Rhodamine B can cause cancer, poisoning, lung irritation, sore eyes, and sore throat. This study aims to identify and determination the levels of Rhodamine B in circulating red crackers Antasari market Banjarmasin.The population is that sold in the red crackers that sold in Antasari market Banjarmasin.. The sampling is technique incidental sampling , that is based on chance, so any population by chance met with researchers can be used as a sample. Identification of Rhodamine B was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) by using the stationary phase silica GF 254 and mobile phase is elution solvent is n-butanol, ethyl acetate, ammonia (10:4:5). Then detected with a UV lamp 254 nm and 366 nm. While for the determination of levels using Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 544 nm.The results showed that the samples of 6 found one sample containing Rhodamine B, namely samples 5 (cassava crackers matches) and obtained values of 7,25 ± 3,8640 levels mg / kg. Based on these results, Rhodamine B still found in crackers that sold in the market Antasari Banjarmasin.

scholarly journals Intraocular Pressure Study in Ex Vivo Pig Eyes by the Laser-Induced Cavitation Technique: Toward a Non-Contact Intraocular Pressure Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2281
Author(s):  
Santiago Camacho-Lopez ◽  
Carlos Andrés Zuñiga-Romero ◽  
Luis Felipe Devia-Cruz ◽  
Carolina Alvarez-Delgado ◽  
Marcos Antonio Plata-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Cavitation Bubble ◽  
Bubble Dynamics ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Measurement Resolution ◽  
In Vivo Diagnosis

Traditional applanation tonometry techniques lack the necessary accuracy and reliability for measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP), and there is still a need for a reliable technique for in vivo diagnosis. A single laser-induced cavitation bubble event was optically monitored in order to precisely measure the first collapse time of the cavitation bubble, which presents a direct dependence on the liquid pressure. This can certainly be done within the IOP range. We now extend the partial transmittance modulation (STM) technique to determine its feasibility for directly measuring the IOP by studying the nanosecond (ns) pulsed laser-induced cavitation bubble dynamics for an externally pressurized fresh ex vivo porcine eye. The results demonstrate that it is possible to monitor the IOP by detecting the light of a continuous-wave (CW) laser beam which is intensity modulated by the bubble itself. This technique currently presents a measurement resolution of about 4 mmHg in the 5 to 50 mmHg pressure range, indicating the feasibility of this approach for measuring IOP. This technique provides a direct measurement within the anterior eye chamber, avoiding common pitfalls in IOP diagnosis, such as errors due to patient movement, varying physical properties of the eye globe, or central cornea thickness (CCT) effects.

scholarly journals Ex-Vivo Exposure on Biological Tissues in the 2-μm Spectral Range with an All-Fiber Continuous-Wave Holmium Laser

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mariya S. Kopyeva ◽  
Serafima A. Filatova ◽  
Vladimir A. Kamynin ◽  
Anton I. Trikshev ◽  
Elizaveta I. Kozlikina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Holmium Laser ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Ablation Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range

We present the results on the interaction of an all-fiber Holmium-doped laser CW radiation at a wavelength of 2100 nm with soft tissues and compare it with the other results obtained by the most used solid-state laser systems. Ex-vivo single spot experiments were carried out on the porcine longissimus muscles by varying the laser impact parameters in a wide range (average output power 0.3, 0.5 and 1.1 W; exposure time 5, 30 and 60 s). Evaluation of the laser radiation exposure was carried out by the size of coagulation and ablation zones on the morphological study. Exposure to a power of 0.3 W (1.5–18 J of applied energy) caused only reversible changes in the tissues. The highest applied energy of 66 J for 1.1 W and a 60-s exposure resulted in a maximum ablation depth of approximately 1.2 mm, with an ablation efficiency of 35%. We have shown that it is not necessary to use high powers of CW radiation, such as 5–10 W in the solid-state systems to provide the destructive effects. Similar results can be achieved at lower powers using the simple all-fiber Holmium laser based on the standard single-mode fiber, which could provide higher power densities and be more convenient to manufacture and use. The obtained results may be valuable as an additional experimental point in the field of existing results, which in the future will allow one to create a simple optimal laser system for medical purposes.

scholarly journals Allogenic Fc Domain-Facilitated Uptake of IgG in Nasal Lamina Propria: Friend or Foe for Intranasal CNS Delivery?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ladel ◽  
Johannes Flamm ◽  
Arghavan Soleimani Zadeh ◽  
Dorothea Filzwieser ◽  
Julia-Christina Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery

Background: The use of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of neurological diseases is of increasing interest. Nose-to-brain drug delivery is one strategy to bypass the blood brain barrier. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays an important role in transepithelial transcytosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Recently, the presence of the FcRn was observed in nasal respiratory mucosa. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of functional FcRn in olfactory mucosa and to evaluate its role in drug delivery. Methods: Immunoreactivity and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of FcRn was determined in ex vivo porcine olfactory mucosa. Uptake of IgG was performed in a side-by-side cell and analysed by immunofluorescence. Results: FcRn was found in epithelial and basal cells of the olfactory epithelium as well as in glands, cavernous bodies and blood vessels. Allogenic porcine IgGs were found time-dependently in the lamina propria and along axonal bundles, while only small amounts of xenogenic human IgGs were detected. Interestingly, lymphoid follicles were spared from allogenic IgGs. Conclusion: Fc-mediated transport of IgG across the nasal epithelial barrier may have significant potential for intranasal delivery, but the relevance of immune interaction in lymphoid follicles must be clarified to avoid immunogenicity.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitatif Rhodamin B pada Kue Ku yang Beredar di Pasar Tradisional Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah ◽  
Dian Wuri Astuti ◽  
Suryani Dwi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Red Dye

Background : A food additive used to obtain food products that taste delicious, attractive, durable, easy in its distribution. Food additives that are often used in society is dye. Many fraud by producers to attract consumers such as the use of non-food grade dyes or food grade with doses exceeding the rules. Rhodamine B is a dangerous synthetic dyes are often added to foods as a dye. Kue Ku is made from a mixture of potatoes, coconut milk, glutinous rice flour, salt, sugar and red dye. The red color on my cake due to the addition of the dye rhodamine B. The use of rhodamine B can cause negative impacts on the health of consumers, thus attracting researchers to examine the presence of rhodamine B dye on my cake circulating in traditional markets Sleman, Yogyakarta. Method : The method is a descriptive study with the aim to describe or illustrate the existence of rhodamine B on kue Ku  samples circulating in traditional markets Sleman, Yogyakarta. The method used for laboratory test is by thin-layer chromatography. Results : In this study showed 15,38% of Kue Ku samples have been investigated positive for rhodamine B. Conclusion : There dye rhodamine B on Kue Ku circulating in traditional markets Sleman, Yogyakarta.

Continuous-wave terahertz reflection imaging of ex vivo nonmelanoma skin cancers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil S. Joseph ◽  
Anna N. Yaroslavsky ◽  
Victor A. Neel ◽  
Thomas M. Goyette ◽  
Robert H. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Reflection Imaging ◽  
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
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