scholarly journals Hippocampal subfield volumes are uniquely affected in PTSD and depression: International analysis of 31 cohorts from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Philipp G. Sämann ◽  
Yuanchao Zheng ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
Emily K. Clarke-Rubright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Current Ptsd

AbstractBackgroundPTSD and depression commonly co-occur and have been associated with smaller hippocampal volumes compared to healthy and trauma-exposed controls. However, the hippocampus is heterogeneous, with subregions that may be uniquely affected in individuals with PTSD and depression.MethodsWe used random effects regressions and a harmonized neuroimaging protocol based on FreeSurfer (v6.0) to identify sub-structural hippocampal markers of current PTSD (C-PTSD), depression, and the interaction of these conditions across 31 cohorts worldwide (N=3,115; Mage=38.9±13.9 years). Secondary analyses tested these associations by sex and after modeling the simultaneous effects of remitted PTSD, childhood trauma, mild traumatic brain injury, and alcohol use disorder.ResultsA significant negative main effect of depression (n=800, vs. no depression, n=1456) was observed in the hippocampal tail (ß=−0.13) and CA1 (ß=−0.09) after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing (adjusted p’s (q)=0.028). A main effect of C-PTSD (n=1042 vs. control, n=1359) was not significant, but an interaction between C-PTSD and depression was significant in the CA1 (ß=−0.24, q=0.044). Pairwise comparisons revealed significantly smaller CA1 volumes in individuals with C-PTSD+Depression than controls (ß=−0.12, q=0.012), C-PTSD-only (ß=−0.17, q=0.001), and Depression-only (ß=−0.18, q=0.023). Follow-up analyses revealed sex effects in the hippocampal tail of depressed females, and an interaction effect of C-PTSD and depression in the fimbria of males.ConclusionsCollectively our results suggest that depression is a stronger predictor of hippocampal volumetry than PTSD, particularly in the CA1, and provide compelling evidence of more pronounced hippocampal phenotypes in comorbid PTSD and depression compared to either condition alone.

scholarly journals Association of Brain Natriuretic Peptide With Mortality in Exceptionally Long-Lived Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
Allison Kuipers ◽  
Robert Boudreau ◽  
Mary Feitosa ◽  
Angeline Galvin ◽  
Bharat Thygarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Secondary Analyses

Abstract Natriuretic peptides are produced within the heart and released in response to increased chamber wall tension and heart failure (HF). N-Terminal prohormone Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) is a specific natriuretic peptide commonly assayed in persons at risk for HF. In these individuals, NT-proBNP is associated with future disease prognosis and mortality. However, its association with mortality among healthy older adults remains unknown. Therefore, we determined the association of NT-proBNP with all-cause mortality over a median follow-up of 10 years in 3253 individuals free from HF at baseline in the Long Life Family Study, a study of families recruited for exceptional longevity. We performed cox proportional hazards analysis (coxme in R) for time-to event (mortality), adjusted for field center, familial relatedness, age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. In addition, we performed secondary analyses among individuals (N=2457) within the normal NT-proBNP limits at baseline (<125pg/ml aged <75 years; <450pg/ml aged ≥75 years). Overall, individuals were aged 32-110 years (median 67 years; 44% male), had mean NT-proBNP of 318.5 pg/ml (median 91.0 pg/ml) and 1066 individuals (33%) died over the follow-up period. After adjustment, each 1 SD greater baseline NT-proBNP was associated with a 1.30-times increased hazard of mortality (95% CI: 1.24-1.36; P<0.0001). Results were similar in individuals with normal baseline NT-proBNP (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11-1.32; P<0.0001). These results suggest that NT-proBNP is a strong and specific biomarker for mortality in older adults independent of current health status, even in those with clinically-defined normal NT-proBNP.

Changes in DNA methylation persist over time in males with severe alcohol use disorder—A longitudinal follow‐up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soundarya Soundararajan ◽  
Arpana Agrawal ◽  
Meera Purushottam ◽  
Shravanthi Daphne Anand ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Shankarappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Efficacy and tolerability of baclofen in a U.S. community population with alcohol use disorder: a dose-response, randomized, controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Garbutt ◽  
Alexei B. Kampov-Polevoy ◽  
Cort Pedersen ◽  
Melissa Stansbury ◽  
Robyn Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Drop Outs ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIdentification of new medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is important for improving treatment options. Baclofen, a GABAB agonist, has been identified as a potential pharmacotherapy for AUD. In a 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated 30 and 90 mg/day of baclofen compared to placebo and examined effects of dose, sex, and level of pretreatment drinking. One hundred and twenty participants with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (age 46.1 (sd = 10.1) years, 51.7% male) were randomized after exclusion for unstable medical/psychiatric illness and/or dependence on drugs other than nicotine. Seventy-three participants completed the trial. A main effect of baclofen was found [%HDD (F(2,112) = 4.16, p = 0.018, d = 0.51 95%CI (0.06–0.95), 13.6 fewer HDD) and %ABST (F(2,112) = 3.68, p = 0.028, d = 0.49 95%CI (0.04–0.93), 12.9 more abstinent days)] and was driven by the 90 mg/day dose. A sex × dose interaction effect was present for both %HDD (F(2,110) = 5.48, p = 0.005) and %ABST (F(2,110) = 3.19, p = 0.045). Men showed a marginally positive effect for 90 mg/day compared to PBO (%HDD t(110) = 1.88, p = 0.063, d = 0.36 95%CI (−0.09–0.80), 15.8 fewer HDD days; %ABST t(110) = 1.68 (p = 0.096, d = 0.32 95%CI (−0.12–0.76), 15.7 more ABST)) with no effect for 30 mg/day. Women showed a positive effect for 30 mg/day (%HDD, t(110) = 3.19, p = 0.002, d = 0.61 95%CI (0.16–1.05), 26.3 fewer HDD days; %ABST t(110) = 2.73, p = 0.007, d = 0.52 95%CI (0.07–0.96), 25.4 more ABST days) with marginal effects for 90 mg/day on %ABST (p = 0.06) with drop-outs/dose reduction from sedative side-effects of 59% in women at 90 mg/day compared to 5% for men. These findings support the hypothesis that baclofen has efficacy in AUD and suggest that dose and sex be further explored as potential moderators of baclofen response and tolerability.

scholarly journals Targeted Plasma Metabolic Profiles and Risk of Recurrence in Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer Patients: Results from an International Cohort Consortium

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ose ◽  
Biljana Gigic ◽  
Stefanie Brezina ◽  
Tengda Lin ◽  
Andreas Baierl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

The identification of patients at high-risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence remains an unmet clinical need. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of metabolites with risk of recurrence in stage II/III CRC patients. A targeted metabolomics assay (128 metabolites measured) was performed on pre-surgery collected EDTA plasma samples from n = 440 newly diagnosed stage II/III CRC patients. Patients have been recruited from four prospective cohort studies as part of an international consortium: Metabolomic profiles throughout the continuum of CRC (MetaboCCC). Cox proportional hazard models were computed to investigate associations of metabolites with recurrence, adjusted for age, sex, tumor stage, tumor site, body mass index, and cohort; false discovery rate (FDR) was used to account for multiple testing. Sixty-nine patients (15%) had a recurrence after a median follow-up time of 20 months. We identified 13 metabolites that were nominally associated with a reduced risk of recurrence. None of the associations were statistically significant after controlling for multiple testing. Pathway topology analyses did not reveal statistically significant associations between recurrence and alterations in metabolic pathways (e.g., sphingolipid metabolism p = 0.04; pFDR = 1.00). To conclude, we did not observe statistically significant associations between metabolites and CRC recurrence using a well-established metabolomics assay. The observed results require follow-up in larger studies.

How Efficient Are Emotional Intelligence Trainings: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Hodzic ◽  
Jana Scharfen ◽  
Pilar Ripoll ◽  
Heinz Holling ◽  
Franck Zenasni
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Branch Model ◽  
Main Effect

This multilevel meta-analysis examines whether emotional intelligence (EI) can be enhanced through training and identifies training effects’ determinants. We identified 24 studies containing 28 samples aiming at increasing individual-level EI among healthy adults. The results revealed a significant moderate standardized mean change between pre- and post-measurement for the main effect of EI training, and a stable pre- to follow-up effect. Additionally, the type of EI model, dimensions of the four branch model, length, and type of publication turned out to be significant moderators. The results suggest that EI trainings should be considered effective interventions.

scholarly journals Theming, Co-Creation, and Quality of Structured Experiences at Camp

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Ellis ◽  
Jingxian Jiang ◽  
Andrew Lacanienta ◽  
Mark Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Strong Main Effect

Lacanienta and his colleagues (2018) recently reported results of a study of the effect of themes on quality of experience of youths during summer camp activities. Existing literature suggested that theming activity sessions would have a strong main effect. Results, though, revealed an activity-by-theme interaction effect, i.e., themes seem to be effective in some activities but not others. In this follow-up study, we describe results of a secondary analysis revealing significant new insights regarding theme. Adding an indicator of campers’ co-created, lived-experience theme into the models tested substantially clarified how objective theme, lived-experience theme, and activity interact in influencing the quality of structured experiences. This study, then, underscores the importance of including measures of participants’ co-created lived experience as we seek to understand techniques that can be used to enhance the quality of youths’ structured camp experiences.

Abstract P263: The Associations of Epithelial Sodium Channel Genes with Blood Pressure Changes and Hypertension Incidence: the GenSalt Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanika N Kelly ◽  
Xueli Yang ◽  
Dabeeru C Rao ◽  
Dongfeng Gu ◽  
James E Hixson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Multiple Variants ◽  
Baseline Examination

We examined the associations of common variants in ENaC genes with BP changes and hypertension incidence in a longitudinal family study. A total of 2755 Han Chinese participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) baseline examination were eligible for the current study. The average of nine BP measurements obtained using a random-zero sphygmomanometer at the baseline and each of two follow-up visits were used for the current analysis. The associations of 43 tag-SNPs in ENaC genes with BP changes and hypertension incidence were assessed using mixed models to account for the correlations of repeated measures among individuals and within families. A genotype by time interaction term was used to model differences in BP change according to genotype over time. The false discovery rate (FDR) method was used to adjust for multiple testing. During an average of 7.4 years follow-up, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) increased, and approximately 33% of participants developed hypertension. Multiple variants in ENaC genes were significantly associated with longitudinal changes in SBP after adjustment for multiple testing, including SCNN1A SNP rs11064153 ( P interaction = 5.8х10 -4 ; FDR-Q = 0.01); SCNN1G SNPs rs4299163 ( P interaction = 0.011; FDR-Q = 0.05) and rs4401050 ( P interaction = 0.001; FDR-Q = 0.01); and SCNN1B SNP rs1004749 ( P interaction = 0.006; FDR-Q = 0.03). Similar but not significant trends were observed for the associations between both rs11064153 and rs4401050 and DBP changes ( P interaction = 0.024 and 0.005, respectively; FDR-Q = 0.41 and 0.17, respectively) and between rs11604153 and hypertension incidence ( P = 0.017; FDR-Q = 0.19). Our findings indicate that ENaC genes may contribute to longitudinal BP changes in the Han Chinese population. Replication of these findings is warranted.

Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Noise Exposure on Tinnitus Occurrence in College Students and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Elise Money ◽  
Ishara Ramkissoon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Shs Exposure

Background: Recent research indicated that young adults and adolescents reported tinnitus in highernumbers than previously. Thus, it is important to fully investigate risk factors for tinnitus in adolescentsand young adults.<br />Purpose: The current study examined the influence of two environmental risk factors, secondhandsmoke (SHS) exposure and noise exposure on tinnitus occurrence as self-reported by U.S. adolescentsand young adults.<br />Research Design: A nonexperimental, cross-sectional design was used for this survey study.<br />Study Sample: Of 265 surveys received, 43 were excluded due to ineligibility. The remaining 222 surveysconstituted the study sample. Participant respondents included 80 high school students (ages14–17) and 142 college students (ages 18–30). The sample was primarily female (n = 160).<br />Data Collection and Analysis: Three (3) yes/no survey questions regarding SHS exposure, noise exposure,and tinnitus occurrence were analyzed. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, chisquarefollow-up tests, and Pearson bivariate correlation analysis.<br />Results: Results revealed that 40 percent of young adults and adolescents surveyed reported that they experiencedtinnitus. Regression analysis revealed significant main effects for noise (p = 0.004), gender (p =0.017), and the interaction of SHS and noise (p = 0.001). There was no main effect of SHS exposurenor age on tinnitus occurrence. Follow-up chi-square analysis conducted to probe the gender effectrevealed that females (45.1 percent) were more likely to experience tinnitus than males (27.7 percent). Chi-squaretesting to examine the significant interaction effect revealed statistical significance (p = 0.001) for individualswith reported noise exposure but not for individuals without noise exposure. In the noise-exposedgroup, individuals who also reported SHS exposure had a lower occurrence of tinnitus (23.6 percent). In contrast,the noise-exposed individuals without SHS exposure had a higher prevalence of tinnitus (57.9 percent).An additional chi-square follow-up analysis to examine the main effect of noise revealed no significance(p = 0.199). However, there was a significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation (r = –0.244) of noise exposurewith age.<br />Conclusion: The current study results suggest there is a higher than expected report of tinnitus incidencein adolescents and young adults. The relationship between tinnitus occurrence and a combinedexposure to noise and secondhand smoke revealed a unique effect in adolescents and young adults.<br />

scholarly journals Stability of Drinking Reductions and Long-term Functioning Among Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Witkiewitz ◽  
Henry R. Kranzler ◽  
Kevin A. Hallgren ◽  
Deborah S. Hasin ◽  
Arnie P. Aldridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
World Health ◽  
End Of Treatment

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes alcohol consumption according to grams consumed into low-, medium-, high-, and very-high-risk drinking levels (RDLs). Although abstinence has been considered the ideal outcome of alcohol treatment, reductions in WHO RDLs have been proposed as primary outcomes for alcohol use disorder (AUD) trials. Objective The current study examines the stability of WHO RDL reductions and the association between RDL reductions and long-term functioning for up to 3 years following treatment. Design and Participants Secondary data analysis of patients with AUD enrolled in the COMBINE Study and Project MATCH, two multi-site, randomized AUD clinical trials, who were followed for up to 3 years post-treatment (COMBINE: n = 694; MATCH: n = 806). Measures Alcohol use was measured via calendar-based methods. We estimated all models in the total sample and among participants who did not achieve abstinence during treatment. Key Results One-level RDL reductions were achieved by 84% of patients at the end of treatment, with 84.9% of those individuals maintaining that reduction at a 3-year follow-up. Two-level RDL reductions were achieved by 68% of patients at the end of treatment, with 77.7% of those individuals maintaining that reduction at a 3-year follow-up. One- and two-level RDL reductions at the end of treatment were associated with significantly better mental health, quality of life (including physical quality of life), and fewer drinking consequences 3 years after treatment (p < 0.05), as compared to no change or increased drinking. Conclusion AUD patients can maintain WHO RDL reductions for up to 3 years after treatment. Patients who had WHO RDL reductions functioned significantly better than those who did not reduce their drinking. These findings are consistent with prior reports suggesting that drinking reductions, short of abstinence, yield meaningful improvements in patient health, well-being, and functioning.

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