scholarly journals Inositol pyrophosphate kinase (VIH2) impart drought resistance by promoting plant cell wall homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Shukla ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Swati Kanwar ◽  
Gazaldeep Kaur ◽  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Inositol Pyrophosphate ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractInositol pyrophosphates (PPx-InsPs) are important signalling molecules, those participate in multiple physiological processes across wide range of species. However, limited knowledge is available for their role in plants. Here, we characterized two diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase (PPIP5K) wheat homologs, TaVIH1 and TaVIH2 for their spatio-temporal expression and physiological functions. We demonstrated the presence of functional VIH-kinase domains through biochemical assays where high energy pyrophosphate forms (IP7/8) were generated. Our GUS-reporter assays in Arabidopsis, suggested the role of TaVIH2 in drought stress. Yeast two-hybrid screen of TaVIH2 by utilizing wheat library yielded multiple cell-wall related interacting partners. TaVIH2 overexpression in Arabidopsis provided growth advantage and drought tolerance. Further, transcriptomic studies of these overexpressing lines showed activation of genes encoding for abscisic acid metabolism, cell-wall biosynthesis and drought responsive element binding proteins. Biochemical analysis of their cell-wall components, confirmed enhanced accumulation of polysaccharides (arabinogalactan, cellulose and arabinoxylan) in transgenics. These results reveal novel function of VIH proteins in modulating cell wall homeostasis thereby providing drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Wheat inositol pyrophosphate kinase TaVIH2-3B modulates cell-wall composition and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Shukla ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Swati Kanwar ◽  
Gazaldeep Kaur ◽  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Inositol Pyrophosphate ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Abstract Background Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are high-energy derivatives of inositol, involved in different signalling and regulatory responses of eukaryotic cells. Distinct PP-InsPs species are characterized by the presence of phosphate at a variable number of the 6-carbon inositol ring backbone, and two distinct classes of inositol phosphate kinases responsible for their synthesis have been identified in Arabidopsis, namely ITPKinase (inositol 1,3,4 trisphosphate 5/6 kinase) and PP-IP5Kinase (diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases). Plant PP-IP5Ks are capable of synthesizing InsP8 and were previously shown to control defense against pathogens and phosphate response signals. However, other potential roles of plant PP-IP5Ks, especially towards abiotic stress, remain poorly understood. Results Here, we characterized the physiological functions of two Triticum aestivum L. (hexaploid wheat) PPIP5K homologs, TaVIH1 and TaVIH2. We demonstrate that wheat VIH proteins can utilize InsP7 as the substrate to produce InsP8, a process that requires the functional VIH-kinase domains. At the transcriptional level, both TaVIH1 and TaVIH2 are expressed in different wheat tissues, including developing grains, but show selective response to abiotic stresses during drought-mimic experiments. Ectopic overexpression of TaVIH2-3B in Arabidopsis confers tolerance to drought stress and rescues the sensitivity of Atvih2 mutants. RNAseq analysis of TaVIH2-3B-expressing transgenic lines of Arabidopsis shows genome-wide reprogramming with remarkable effects on genes involved in cell-wall biosynthesis, which is supported by the observation of enhanced accumulation of polysaccharides (arabinogalactan, cellulose, and arabinoxylan) in the transgenic plants. Conclusions Overall, this work identifies a novel function of VIH proteins, implicating them in modulation of the expression of cell-wall homeostasis genes, and tolerance to water-deficit stress. This work suggests that plant VIH enzymes may be linked to drought tolerance and opens up the possibility of future research into using plant VIH-derived products to generate drought-resistant plants.

scholarly journals The regulatory and transcriptional landscape associated with carbon utilization in a filamentous fungus

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 6003-6013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent W. Wu ◽  
Nils Thieme ◽  
Lori B. Huberman ◽  
Axel Dietschmann ◽  
David J. Kowbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Filamentous fungi, such asNeurospora crassa, are very efficient in deconstructing plant biomass by the secretion of an arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, by remodeling metabolism to accommodate production of secreted enzymes, and by enabling transport and intracellular utilization of plant biomass components. Although a number of enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in plant biomass utilization have been identified, how filamentous fungi sense and integrate nutritional information encoded in the plant cell wall into a regulatory hierarchy for optimal utilization of complex carbon sources is not understood. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling ofN. crassaon 40 different carbon sources, including plant biomass, to provide data on how fungi sense simple to complex carbohydrates. From these data, we identified regulatory factors inN. crassaand characterized one (PDR-2) associated with pectin utilization and one with pectin/hemicellulose utilization (ARA-1). Using in vitro DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we identified direct targets of transcription factors involved in regulating genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. In particular, our data clarified the role of the transcription factor VIB-1 in the regulation of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and nutrient scavenging and revealed a major role of the carbon catabolite repressor CRE-1 in regulating the expression of major facilitator transporter genes. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of cross talk between transcription factors and their target genes, which are involved in regulating nutrient sensing and plant biomass utilization on a global level.

scholarly journals Transcriptional and Metabolomic Analyses Indicate that Cell Wall Properties are Associated with Drought Tolerance in Brachypodium distachyon

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Lenk ◽  
Lorraine Fisher ◽  
Martin Vickers ◽  
Aderemi Akinyemi ◽  
Thomas Didion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Pectin Acetylesterase ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Cell Wall Properties ◽  
Go Terms

Brachypodium distachyon is an established model for drought tolerance. We previously identified accessions exhibiting high tolerance, susceptibility and intermediate tolerance to drought; respectively, ABR8, KOZ1 and ABR4. Transcriptomics and metabolomic approaches were used to define tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptional analyses suggested relatively few drought responsive genes in ABR8 compared to KOZ1. Linking these to gene ontology (GO) terms indicated enrichment for “regulated stress response”, “plant cell wall” and “oxidative stress” associated genes. Further, tolerance correlated with pre-existing differences in cell wall-associated gene expression including glycoside hydrolases, pectin methylesterases, expansins and a pectin acetylesterase. Metabolomic assessments of the same samples also indicated few significant changes in ABR8 with drought. Instead, pre-existing differences in the cell wall-associated metabolites correlated with drought tolerance. Although other features, e.g., jasmonate signaling were suggested in our study, cell wall-focused events appeared to be predominant. Our data suggests two different modes through which the cell wall could confer drought tolerance: (i) An active response mode linked to stress induced changes in cell wall features, and (ii) an intrinsic mode where innate differences in cell wall composition and architecture are important. Both modes seem to contribute to ABR8 drought tolerance. Identification of the exact mechanisms through which the cell wall confers drought tolerance will be important in order to inform development of drought tolerant crops.

scholarly journals The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Cell Wall-Associated Glycoproteins During Wood Formation in Populus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Abedi ◽  
Romain Castilleux ◽  
Pieter Nibbering ◽  
Totte Niittylä
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Ray Cell

Plant cell wall associated hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are involved in several aspects of plant growth and development, including wood formation in trees. HRGPs such as arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), extensins (EXTs), and proline rich proteins (PRPs) are important for the development and architecture of plant cell walls. Analysis of publicly available gene expression data revealed that many HRGP encoding genes show tight spatio-temporal expression patterns in the developing wood of Populus that are indicative of specific functions during wood formation. Similar results were obtained for the expression of glycosyl transferases putatively involved in HRGP glycosylation. In situ immunolabelling of transverse wood sections using AGP and EXT antibodies revealed the cell type specificity of different epitopes. In mature wood AGP epitopes were located in xylem ray cell walls, whereas EXT epitopes were specifically observed between neighboring xylem vessels, and on the ray cell side of the vessel walls, likely in association with pits. Molecular mass and glycan analysis of AGPs and EXTs in phloem/cambium, developing xylem, and mature xylem revealed clear differences in glycan structures and size between the tissues. Separation of AGPs by agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with β-D-glucosyl Yariv confirmed the presence of different AGP populations in phloem/cambium and xylem. These results reveal the diverse changes in HRGP-related processes that occur during wood formation at the gene expression and HRGP glycan biosynthesis levels, and relate HRGPs and glycosylation processes to the developmental processes of wood formation.

scholarly journals Direct Target Network of the Neurospora crassa Plant Cell Wall Deconstruction Regulators CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Craig ◽  
Samuel T. Coradetti ◽  
Trevor L. Starr ◽  
N. Louise Glass
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTFungal deconstruction of the plant cell requires a complex orchestration of a wide array of intracellular and extracellular enzymes. InNeurospora crassa, CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1 have been identified as key transcription factors regulating plant cell wall degradation in response to soluble sugars. The XLR-1 regulon was defined using a constitutively active mutant allele, resulting in hemicellulase gene expression and secretion under noninducing conditions. To define genes directly regulated by CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (ChIPseq) on epitope-tagged constructs of these three transcription factors. WhenN. crassais exposed to plant cell wall material, CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1 individually bind to the promoters of the most strongly induced genes in their respective regulons. These include promoters of genes encoding cellulases for CLR-1 and CLR-2 (CLR-1/CLR-2) and promoters of genes encoding hemicellulases for XLR-1. CLR-1 bound to its regulon under noninducing conditions; however, this binding alone did not translate into gene expression and enzyme secretion. Motif analysis of the bound genes revealed conserved DNA binding motifs, with the CLR-2 motif matching that of its closest paralog inSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Gal4p. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that CLR-1 and CLR-2 act in a homocomplex but not as a CLR-1/CLR-2 heterocomplex.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding fungal regulation of complex plant cell wall deconstruction pathways in response to multiple environmental signals via interconnected transcriptional circuits provides insight into fungus/plant interactions and eukaryotic nutrient sensing. Coordinated optimization of these regulatory networks is likely required for optimal microbial enzyme production.

scholarly journals Massive lateral transfer of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes to the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma from its plant-associated hosts

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e1007322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina S. Druzhinina ◽  
Komal Chenthamara ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Lea Atanasova ◽  
Dongqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Lateral Transfer ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mycoparasitic Fungus

scholarly journals Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Extracellular Proteins and mRNA Levels in Thermobifida fusca Grown on Cellobiose and Glucose

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (17) ◽  
pp. 6260-6265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaolin Chen ◽  
David B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Extracellular Proteome ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Thermobifida fusca secretes proteins that carry out plant cell wall degradation. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, the extracellular proteome of T. fusca grown on cellobiose was compared to that of cells grown on glucose. Extracellular proteins, the expression of which is induced by cellobiose, mainly are cellulases and cellulose-binding proteins. Other major extracellular proteins induced by cellobiose include a xylanase (Xyl10A) and two unknown proteins, the C-terminal regions of which are homologous to a lytic transglycosylase goose egg white lysozyme domain and an NLPC_P60 domain (which defines a family of cell wall peptidases), respectively. Transcriptional analysis of genes encoding cellobiose-induced proteins suggests that their expression is controlled at the transcriptional level and that their expression also is induced by cellulose. Some other major extracellular proteins produced by T. fusca grown on both cellobiose and glucose include Lam81A and three unknown proteins that are homologous to aminopeptidases and xylanases or that contain a putative NLPC_P60 domain.

scholarly journals The genome of the mustard leaf beetle encodes two active xylanases originally acquired from bacteria through horizontal gene transfer

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1763) ◽  
pp. 20131021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Pauchet ◽  
David G. Heckel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding

The primary plant cell wall comprises the most abundant polysaccharides on the Earth and represents a rich source of energy for organisms which have evolved the ability to digest them. Enzymes able to degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides are widely distributed in micro-organisms but are generally absent in animals, although their presence in insects, especially phytophagous beetles from the superfamilies Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea, has recently begun to be appreciated. The observed patchy distribution of endogenous genes encoding these enzymes in animals has raised questions about their evolutionary origins. Recent evidence suggests that endogenous plant cell wall degrading enzymes-encoding genes have been acquired by animals through a mechanism known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT). HGT describes how genetic material is moved by means other than vertical inheritance from a parent to an offspring. Here, we provide evidence that the mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae , possesses in its genome genes encoding active xylanases from the glycoside hydrolase family 11 (GH11). We also provide evidence that these genes were originally acquired by P. cochleariae from a species of gammaproteobacteria through HGT. This represents the first example of the presence of genes from the GH11 family in animals.

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