scholarly journals Policy should change to improve invited speaker diversity and reflect trainee diversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada K. Hagan ◽  
Rebecca M. Pollet ◽  
Josie Libertucci
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Underrepresented Minorities ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Web Based ◽  
University Departments ◽  
Seminar Series ◽  
Professor Level

AbstractThe biomedical sciences have a problem retaining white women and underrepresented minorities in academia. Despite increases in the representation of these groups in faculty candidate pools, they are still underrepresented at the faculty level, particularly at the Full Professor level. The lack of diverse individuals at the Full Professor level contributes to the attrition of women and under-represented minorities, as it confirms unconscious biases. The presence of unconscious biases contribute to feelings of not belonging by trainees and are amplified by visual representation of who is presented as the “top scientist in their field”. Top scientists are not only defined by the attainment of Full Professorships, but also through invited seminar series. Invitations for faculty to present their research at other university departments is highly valued offer that provides an opportunity for collaborations and networking. However, if invited speakers do not represent the demographics of current trainees, these visual representations of successful scientists may contribute to decreased attitudes of self-identification as a scientist, ultimately resulting in trainees leaving the field or the academy. In this study, we compare invited-speaker demographics to the current trainee demographics in one microbiology and immunology department and find that trainees are not proportionally represented by speakers invited to the department. Our investigation prompted changes in policy for how invited speakers are selected in the future to invite a more diverse group of scientists. To facilitate this process, we developed a set of tips and a web-based resource that allows scientists, committees, and moderators to identify members of under-served groups. These resources can be easily adapted by other fields or sub-fields to promote inclusion and diversity at seminar series’, conferences, and colloquia.

Stratification of Iranian LIS academics in terms of visibility, effectiveness and scientific and professional performance: Research report Part 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid Danesh ◽  
Rahmatollah Fattahi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Dayani
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Scientific Performance ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
University Departments ◽  
Research Population

This paper aims to identify the stratification of Iranian Library and Information Science academics in terms of visibility, effectiveness and scientific and professional performance. The present study is applied and is implemented through survey and webometrics methods and with a descriptive approach. The research population includes all Iranian academics working in Library and Information Science departments with a PhD with the titles Assistant Professor, Associate Professor and Full Professor. Google Scholar is used to gather web data. A researcher-constructed questionnaire is also used to gather data from the research population in order to stratify them in terms of professional and scientific performance. J Mehrad, MH Dayani and R Fattahi achieved the first to the third ranks respectively in terms of professional and scientific performance. There is also a direct and significant relationship between stratification of the visibility and effectiveness and professional and scientific performance. Graduation from foreign universities, proficiency in English language, writing team papers, scientific collaboration with international scientists, membership of valid national and international research groups, employment in university departments with high experience and also employment in university departments which offer postgraduate qualifications are considered the main factors behind some members’ visibility in the research community.

scholarly journals Gender Disparities in Academic Rank and Writing amongst Medical Faculty Members

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Ayesha Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Professor Level ◽  
The One

Background: Pakistan is a proud country with its rich cultural values. A perfect woman is considered the one who is a good subordinate and most skillful in the kitchen, making round chapatis is the highlight of those skills. Although as a nation, stereotypical norms have shifted and females are encouraged to get medical education and become doctors, their academic contribution and representation in higher academic rank seems scarce. Methodology: In this study, we investigate gender differences in academic ranks and research in renowned Medical Institutions of Pakistan. Websites of three institutions were used to identify male and female faculty members, their respective publications were counted using “Pakmedinet.com” and “Scholar.google.com”. Results: A one-way ANOVA showed significant difference in the male female ratio at higher academic ranks. This ratio drastically increases at Full Professor level where males are three times more than female Professors. ANOVA results also show that publications by male faculty members is significantly higher than females. Even on the same rank, women have not published their work in the same capacity as men. Conclusion: The results are in alignment with several previous studies that indicate gender disparities between males and females especially as they climb up the academic ladder. Publications are a measure of academic productivity. This study suggests that although female representation as faculty members have increased over the years, their lack of frequent publications might be a factor that hinders women in advancing in academic ranks. Continued studies are required to explore more reasons for this gender inequality and highlight methods to address the imbalance.  

E-Collaboration in Biomedical Research

2014 ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Gray ◽  
Fernando Martin Sanchez ◽  
Gabrielle Bright ◽  
Ardis Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
The Web

There are compelling arguments for using emerging Web technologies to facilitate research in the biomedical sciences. This chapter reviews current research and current technologies for e-collaboration in biomedical research. This chapter presents four case studies examining the use of Web-based tools to support the teamwork of geographically distributed biomedical researchers. It then reviews case study findings in light of the Web 2.0 e-collaboration enablers that are available. It concludes with surprising and concerning reflections about current practices in biomedical research collaboration as well as some promising future directions through the use of biomedical informatics to advance these practices by addressing human factors.

E-Collaboration in Biomedical Research

2017 ◽  
pp. 600-619
Author(s):  
Kathleen Gray ◽  
Fernando Martin Sanchez ◽  
Gabrielle Bright ◽  
Ardis Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
The Web

There are compelling arguments for using emerging Web technologies to facilitate research in the biomedical sciences. This chapter reviews current research and current technologies for e-collaboration in biomedical research. This chapter presents four case studies examining the use of Web-based tools to support the teamwork of geographically distributed biomedical researchers. It then reviews case study findings in light of the Web 2.0 e-collaboration enablers that are available. It concludes with surprising and concerning reflections about current practices in biomedical research collaboration as well as some promising future directions through the use of biomedical informatics to advance these practices by addressing human factors.

scholarly journals Academic criteria for promotion and tenure in biomedical sciences faculties: cross sectional analysis of international sample of universities

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle B Rice ◽  
Hana Raffoul ◽  
John P A Ioannidis ◽  
David Moher
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Promotion And Tenure ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the presence of a set of pre-specified traditional and non-traditional criteria used to assess scientists for promotion and tenure in faculties of biomedical sciences among universities worldwide.DesignCross sectional study.SettingInternational sample of universities.Participants170 randomly selected universities from the Leiden ranking of world universities list.Main outcome measurePresence of five traditional (for example, number of publications) and seven non-traditional (for example, data sharing) criteria in guidelines for assessing assistant professors, associate professors, and professors and the granting of tenure in institutions with biomedical faculties.ResultsA total of 146 institutions had faculties of biomedical sciences, and 92 had eligible guidelines available for review. Traditional criteria of peer reviewed publications, authorship order, journal impact factor, grant funding, and national or international reputation were mentioned in 95% (n=87), 37% (34), 28% (26), 67% (62), and 48% (44) of the guidelines, respectively. Conversely, among non-traditional criteria, only citations (any mention in 26%; n=24) and accommodations for employment leave (37%; 34) were relatively commonly mentioned. Mention of alternative metrics for sharing research (3%; n=3) and data sharing (1%; 1) was rare, and three criteria (publishing in open access mediums, registering research, and adhering to reporting guidelines) were not found in any guidelines reviewed. Among guidelines for assessing promotion to full professor, traditional criteria were more commonly reported than non-traditional criteria (traditional criteria 54.2%, non-traditional items 9.5%; mean difference 44.8%, 95% confidence interval 39.6% to 50.0%; P=0.001). Notable differences were observed across continents in whether guidelines were accessible (Australia 100% (6/6), North America 97% (28/29), Europe 50% (27/54), Asia 58% (29/50), South America 17% (1/6)), with more subtle differences in the use of specific criteria.ConclusionsThis study shows that the evaluation of scientists emphasises traditional criteria as opposed to non-traditional criteria. This may reinforce research practices that are known to be problematic while insufficiently supporting the conduct of better quality research and open science. Institutions should consider incentivising non-traditional criteria.Study registrationOpen Science Framework (https://osf.io/26ucp/?view_only=b80d2bc7416543639f577c1b8f756e44).

scholarly journals Lesionia: a digital data management system for epidemiological and clinical data collected from patients suspected for cutaneous leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emna Harigua ◽  
Youssef Ben Salem ◽  
Maaoui Hariga ◽  
Yusr Saadi Ben Aoun ◽  
Hajer Souguir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Patient Interview

Abstract Background. Digital systems for data management (DSDM) are considered nowadays of high importance in the field of biomedical sciences. Such systems ensure that data meet the standards of FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability). Our group is interested in implementing a DSDM for data collected from patients suspected of having cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the frame of diagnostics evaluation. The data is collected in multiple sites and countries by different partners in the frame of a project supported by the USAID-NAS PEER program. We capitalized on the thorough clinical and field expertise of some partners to assess needs. Then, we further refined these needs consortium-wide to define the data to be collected by the clinicians and biologists during the data life cycle. This led to the development of a questionnaire form for data collection and the implementation of a web-based application, called Lesionia.Results. Based on the questionnaire, we developed Lesionia, a digital system for the management and the analysis of clinical and epidemiological data. It consists of a relational database and a web-based user interface (WUI). The database was conceived to be expandable to new collaborators and projects. It allows for data handling from the consented patient interview and sample collection to the samples storage and investigation. The WUI permits data entry, fetching, visualization and analysis. Rigorous controls on data entry were implemented to reduce discrepancies. It also offers a set of analysis tools that range from descriptive statistics to variable correlation analysis. Lesionia is accessible in a secure manner to all users of the consortium through a web browser connected to the Internet. Conclusion. Lesionia is a valuable tool for clinical and epidemiological data management. It is an open source software that can broadly serve the scientific community interested in studying, controlling, reporting and diagnosing CL and similar cutaneous diseases.

scholarly journals Perspective: Sistas In Science – Cracking the Glass Ceiling

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-578
Author(s):  
Athena Starlard-Davenport ◽  
Alisa Rich ◽  
Titilope Fasipe ◽  
Eboni I. Lance ◽  
Kehinde Adekole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Underrepresented Minorities ◽  
Peer Mentors ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
Health Related Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
American Physician

In this perspective, we describe our experi­ence as women of color scientists from diverse backgrounds and similar struggles embarking upon the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-funded program called PRIDE (Programs to Increase Diversity among Underrepresented Minorities En­gaged in Health-Related Research). Under the leadership of our mentor and friend, Betty Pace, MD, a renowned and successful African American physician-scientist, the PRIDE Program was designed to address the difficulties experienced by junior-level minority investigators in establishing inde­pendent research programs and negotiating tenure and full professor status at academic institutions. The strength of PRIDE’s innova­tive formula was pairing us with external senior mentors and, importantly, allowing us to serve as peer mentors to each other. We believe this “Sister’s Keeper” paradigm is one solution for women to overcome their limitations and extend understand­ings and best practices worldwide for science, medicine, and global health. Ethn Dis. 2018;28(4):575-578; doi:10.18865/ ed.28.4.575.

A comprehensive analysis of the demographics and citation-based productivity of radiation oncologists practicing at comprehensive cancer centers.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11001-11001
Author(s):  
Shearwood McClelland ◽  
Christina C Huang ◽  
Emma Brey Holliday ◽  
Reshma Jagsi ◽  
Richard C. Zellars
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Junior Faculty ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Underrepresented Minorities ◽  
Radiation Oncologist ◽  
H Index ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Radiation Oncologists ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Centers

11001 Background: Academic radiation oncology represents a constantly changing landscape. We sought to determine the demographic makeup of the current academic radiation oncology workforce. Methods: Internet searches of the 51 National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers were conducted in September 2019. The Scopus database was subsequently searched in December 2019 to ascertain the h-index for each radiation oncologist. H-indices were analyzed by faculty rank (junior faculty versus associate professor versus full professor) and gender. Variables were coalesced for statistical analysis using Fisher’s exact test and two-tailed t-tests. Results: Analysis of 993 radiation oncologists revealed that 53.6% are junior faculty, 24.8% are associate professors, and 21.7% are full professors. The average radiation oncologist has been an MD for 19.6 years; 32.5% (232/993) are women, and less than 5% (47/993) are underrepresented minorities (URM). Of the 51 department chairs, 11.8% are women and 5.6% are underrepresented minorities. Women are significantly underrepresented among full professors (odds ratio = 1.78; p = 0.010) and departmental chairs (odds ratio = 3.80; p = 0.0007); there was no significant difference for assistant professorship (p = 0.067) nor associate professorship (p = 0.348). The overall mean h-index for all faculty was 17.64. Mean h-index was 8.21 for junior faculty, 18.46 for associate professors, and 40.05 for full professors; these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The overall mean h-index was 19.35 for men (n = 668) and 14.11 for women (n = 323); this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The majority of academic radiation oncologists are assistant professors; fewer than 5% are underrepresented minorities. Men comprise more than two-thirds of the workforce, and are significantly overrepresented at the full professor (by 78%) and departmental chair (by 280%) levels in academic radiation oncology. The average radiation oncologist at a comprehensive cancer center has published more than 17 manuscripts cited at least 17 times. Contrary to previous findings comparing male and female residents, the difference in academic productivity by gender among faculty was statistically significant. These findings provide objective data to assess the radiation oncology academic workforce and provide a useful benchmark to measure change going forward.

Web-Based System to Improve Resource Efficiency in University Departments

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Melchor-Ferrer ◽  
Dionisio Buendía-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Query Language ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Faceted Search ◽  
University Departments ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The University ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis ◽  
Web Based System

This paper presents the main features, characteristics and benefits of an economic and financial information management system that has been introduced in several departments at the University of Granada (Spain). The system is web-based and intended to optimise efficiency in the management of public resources, according to e-government approach and principles. It is based on a combination of expressive, yet intuitive, query language, and faceted search, and has meant an important advance by comparing its performance with that achieved by other approaches. To assess the usefulness and functionality of this web-based system, in-depth interviews were conducted of different types of users. The methodological approach followed to address the analysis of this type of qualitative information is Constant Comparative Analysis from which it is derived a casual network whose main outcome is the improvement of economic and financial efficiency in the department. To encourage widespread use of the system, the application is open source software.

Personalized Web-Based Learning Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 814-820
Author(s):  
Larbi Esmahi
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Computer Based Learning ◽  
University Departments ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Career Needs ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Computers have a great potential as support tools for learning; they promise the possibility of affordable, individualized learning environments. In early teaching systems, the goal was to build a clever teacher able to communicate knowledge to the individual learner. Recent and emerging work focuses on the learner exploring, designing, constructing, making sense of, and using adaptive systems as tools. Hence, the new tendency is to give the learner greater responsibility and control over all aspects of the learning process. This need for flexibility, personalization, and control results from a shift in the perception of the learning process. In fact, new trends emerging in the education domain are significantly influencing e-learning (Kay, 2001) in the following ways: • The shift from studying in order to graduate, to studying in order to learn; most e-learners are working and have well-defined personal goals for enhancing their careers. • The shift from student to learner; this shift has resulted in a change in strategy and control so that the learning process is becoming more cooperative than competitive. • The shift from expertise in a domain to teaching beliefs; the classical teaching systems refer to domain and teaching expertise when dealing with the knowledge transfer process, but the new trend is based on the concept of belief. One teacher may have different beliefs from another, and the different actors in the system (students, peers, teachers), may have different beliefs about the domain and teaching methods. • The shift from a four-year program to graduate to lifelong learning; most e-learners have a long-term learning plan related to their career needs. • The shift to conceiving university departments as communities of scholars, but not necessarily in a single location. • The shift to mobile learning; most e-learners are working and have little spare time. Therefore, any computer-based learning must fit into their busy schedules (at work, at home, when traveling), since they require a personal and portable system.

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