scholarly journals Ageing before birth: pace and stability of prenatal growth affect telomere dynamics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Stier ◽  
Neil B. Metcalfe ◽  
Pat Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Telomere Dynamics

AbstractPre-natal effects on telomere length are increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to the developmental origin of health and adult diseases. While it is becoming clear that telomere length is strongly influenced by pre-natal conditions, the factors affecting telomere dynamics during embryogenesis remain poorly understood. We manipulated both the pace and stability of prenatal growth using incubation temperature in Japanese quail and investigated the impact on telomere dynamics from embryogenesis to adulthood, along with potential drivers of telomere shortening such as oxidative damage and prenatal glucocorticoid levels. Telomere length was not affected by these manipulations for the first 75% of prenatal development, but was reduced at hatching in response to both experimentally induced fast embryo growth and growth instability. These early-life effects on telomere length persisted until adulthood. The effect of developmental instability on telomere length at hatching was potentially mediated by an increased secretion of glucocorticoid hormones during development. Both the pace and the stability of prenatal growth appear as key factors determining telomere length and dynamics up to adulthood, with fast and unstable embryo growth leading to short telomeres with the potential for adverse associated outcomes in terms of reduced longevity and greater risk of disease.

scholarly journals Pace and stability of embryonic development affect telomere dynamics: an experimental study in a precocial bird model

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1933) ◽  
pp. 20201378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Stier ◽  
Neil B. Metcalfe ◽  
Pat Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Telomere Dynamics

Prenatal effects on telomere length are increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to the developmental origin of health and adult disease. While it is becoming clear that telomere length is influenced by prenatal conditions, the factors affecting telomere dynamics during embryogenesis remain poorly understood. We manipulated both the pace and stability of embryonic development through varying incubation temperature and its stability in Japanese quail. We investigated the impact on telomere dynamics from embryogenesis to adulthood, together with three potential drivers of telomere shortening, growth rate, oxidative damage and prenatal glucocorticoid levels. Telomere length was not affected by our prenatal manipulation for the first 75% of embryogenesis, but was reduced at hatching in groups experiencing faster (i.e. high temperature) or less stable embryonic development. These early life differences in telomere length persisted until adulthood. The effect of developmental instability on telomere length at hatching was potentially mediated by an increased secretion of glucocorticoid hormones during development. Both the pace and the stability of embryo development appear to be key factors determining telomere length and dynamics into adulthood, with fast and less stable development leading to shorter telomeres, with the potential for adverse associated outcomes in terms of reduced longevity.

Factors affecting the amplitude of the τ angle in proteins: a revisitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Balasco ◽  
Luciana Esposito ◽  
Luigi Vitagliano
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Backbone Conformation ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Issues

The protein folded state is the result of the fine balance of a variety of different forces. Even minor structural perturbations may have a significant impact on the stability of these macromolecules. Studies carried out in recent decades have led to the convergent view that proteins are endowed with a flexible spine. One of the open issues related to protein local backbone geometry is the identification of the factors that influence the amplitude of the τ (N—Cα—C) angle. Here, statistical analyses performed on an updated ensemble of X-ray protein structures by dissecting the contribution of the major factors that can potentially influence the local backbone geometry of proteins are reported. The data clearly indicate that the local backbone conformation has a prominent impact on the modulation of the τ angle. Therefore, a proper assessment of the impact of the other potential factors can only be appropriately evaluated when small (φ, ψ) regions are considered. Here, it is shown that when the contribution of the backbone conformation is removed by considering small (φ, ψ) areas, an impact of secondary structure, as defined byDSSP, and/or the residue type on τ is still detectable, although to a limited extent. Indeed, distinct τ-value distributions are detected for Pro/Gly and β-branched (Ile/Val) residues. The key role of the local backbone conformation highlighted here supports the use of variable local backbone geometry in protein refinement protocols.

Prenatal Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-158
Author(s):  
Nezahat Hamiden Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Development Section ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Developmental Principles ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Impact

The prenatal period is a vital process for the mother and father to become conscious about the development of the baby. Particularly in this process, in which mental and physical changes are observed in the mother, both the mother and father should be supported in order for the baby in the mother's womb to have a healthy gestation and to prevent a risky pregnancy. In this regard, particularly with the impact of recent technological innovations and with the increasing awareness of parents through increasing literacy, it is reported that the mortality rate is decreased; however, it is also reported that severe injuries during pregnancy and disabled babies still exist. From this point of view, the basic concepts related to development, developmental areas, developmental principles, factors affecting development and prenatal development will be explained in detail in the antenatal development section.

scholarly journals Effects Of The Combined Heat And Cryogenic Treatment On The Stability Of Austenite In A High Co-Ni Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 2131-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gruber ◽  
S. Ploberger ◽  
G. Ressel ◽  
M. Wiessner ◽  
M. Hausbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reverted Austenite ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The stability of austenite is one of the most dominant factors affecting the toughness properties of high Co-Ni steels such as Aermet 100 and AF1410. Thus, the aim of this work was to get a deeper understanding on the impact of combined heat and cryogenic treatment on the stability of retained and reverted austenite. In order to characterize the evolution of the phase fraction of austenite during tempering at different temperatures and times, X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out. The stability of austenite, which was formed during tempering, was analyzed with dilatometric investigations by studying the transformation behavior of the austenite during cooling from tempering temperature down to −100°C. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy investigations were performed to characterize the chemical composition and phase distribution of austenite and martensite before and after tempering.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins: Factors Affecting Their Stability and Degradation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Bianca Enaru ◽  
Georgiana Drețcanu ◽  
Teodora Daria Pop ◽  
Andreea Stǎnilǎ ◽  
Zorița Diaconeasa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Phenolic Group ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites and water-soluble pigments belonging to the phenolic group, with important functions in nature such as seed dispersal, pollination and development of plant organs. In addition to these important roles in plant life, anthocyanins are also used as natural pigments in various industries, due to the color palette they can produce from red to blue and purple. In addition, recent research has reported that anthocyanins have important antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which can be used in the chemoprevention of various diseases such as diabetes, obesity and even cancer. However, anthocyanins have a major disadvantage, namely their low stability. Thus, their stability is influenced by a number of factors such as pH, light, temperature, co-pigmentation, sulfites, ascorbic acid, oxygen and enzymes. As such, this review aims at summarizing the effects of these factors on the stability of anthocyanins and their degradation. From this point of view, it is very important to be precisely aware of the impact that each parameter has on the stability of anthocyanins, in order to minimize their negative action and subsequently potentiate their beneficial health effects.

scholarly journals MODELING METHODOLOGY OF PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE BY THE EXAMPLE OF REAL HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS / AUKŠTYBINIŲ PASTATŲ PROGRESUOJANČIOS GRIŪTIES MODELIAVIMAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-530
Author(s):  
Mariya Barabash
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research was to find out several ways to design real buildings with protective measures against progressive collapse. There are no uniform guidelines for choosing the type of finite element able to provide the necessary accuracy of the calculation model taking into account all the main factors affecting the strength and stability of the building. Therefore it is required to develop numerical methods for calculation on progressive collapse of buildings bearing structural elements in case of emergency. In addition, our task was to present a methodology that allows checking the stability of the building agains progressive collapse. By the technique nonlinear analysis on special (emergency) regulations combination of loads and impacts is performed, including permanent and long-term regulatory burden and the impact of hypothetical local fractures bearing structures. This study was carried out on the high rise apartment complex with underground parking. In the empirical part of the study the main concern was to find out the reasons of progressive collapse of structures, taking into account stepwise assembly, building inspection performed rollover. Also the existing building retail and office complex “Gulliver” with public facilities and parking is considered, where computation was made on the progressive collapse of the upper slab technical floor. The calculation was carried out on plates or emergency landing helicopter crash on the floor slab. Analysis of the results leads to the following conclusions. To assess the real vitality of the building in an emergency situation, and resistance to progressive collapse it is recommended to count design taking into account physical and geometric nonlinearity and process modeling lifecycle. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas aukštybinių pastatų progresuojančios griūties modeliavimas. Pasitelkiant programinę įrangą LIRA- SAPR atliktas kompiuterinis eksperimentas, iliustruojantis pastato griūtį veikiant įvairiems veiksniams.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE STABILITY OF THE VEHICLE WHEN DRIVING ON CURVED LINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Georgi Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Movement

To ensure safety during vehicle movement, it is necessary to take into account the magnitude of the impact of a number of factors. One of the important elements to be taken into consideration is the stability of the vehicles while driving. The factor is particularly important when driving cars on a curved path, whereby the forces acting on motor vehicles are reallocated and influence their stability. In the report, a theoretical study was made on the factors and the power balance in different states of movement of the means of transport.

Analyzing the Chinese Telecommunication Industry Based on Oligopoly Game and Dynamic Evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhai Ma ◽  
Naicong Ning ◽  
Tiantong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Stability Region ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we consider the impact of the product price, service level and delay parameters on the operation of enterprises in the current Chinese telecommunications industry. A three-oligarch game model is established, where system parameters are taken as important factors affecting the development of the involved companies. By improving their service levels, the three oligarchs could plunder the market of each other, but also enhance the reputation of the industry, thus bringing more communication data usage. In the paper, firstly we analyze the static Nash equilibrium, especially the impacts of competition intensity and service cost coefficiency. Then, we analyze the stability and evolution behavior of the system under the dynamic game. We found that the increase of competition intensity and cost coefficiency has adverse effects on the stability region. Finally, we show that a delay decision of a single company has a positive impact on its own profits, but not conducive to its own stability region and the profits of the opposing oligarchs, nor to the total profit.

scholarly journals Assessment of the factors affecting slope stability in the southern part of the Sofia Kettle

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Miroslav Krastanov ◽  
Boyko Berov
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Seismic Impact ◽  
The Impact

A specific sample area was selected, where an assessment model was made for the stability of a slope subjected to anthropogenic impacts. A hillside slope zone from the foot of the Vitosha and Lozen mountains in the southern periphery of the Sofia Kettle was chosen as an exemplary area for a part of the hazards arising in the Trans-Balkan valleys. The anthropogenic impact on their slope stability was studied on three particular slopes. The study area is about 1.25 km2 and has a maximum distance of up to 3.80 km between the slopes. Landslide processes resulting from anthropogenic impact often occur on the territory of the Sofia Valley. The rise of construction, the development of hard-to-reach terrains with steep slopes, their undercutting, the seismic impact and the low values of the strength-deformation parameters of the geological varieties building up the respective terrains contribute to their occurrence. The deforestation, the loads with heavy embankments, the hydration and the inhomogeneity of the layers of the earth base have a strong destabilizing effect. The paper presents the results of field and laboratory tests and analyses of slope stability by the method of Fellenius. The severity of the impact of the various destabilizing factors was assessed.

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

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