Absolute optical rotation of CsLiB6O10

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Herreros-Cedrés ◽  
Cecilio Hernández-Rodriguez ◽  
Werner Kaminsky
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Absolute Chirality ◽  
532 Nm

The optical rotation (OR) of CsLiB6O10 (CLBO, space group I\bar{4}2d) along the a axis has been determined by the HAUP method [Kobayashi & Uesu (1983). J Appl. Cryst. 16, 204–211] at a wavelength of 632.8 nm and by the TILTER method [Kaminsky & Glazer (1996). Ferroelectrics, 183, 133–141] at 532 nm and 650 nm. The respective rotatory powers were found to be 17 (1), 24 (2) and 19 (2)° mm−1. The absolute chirality has been established by comparing Bijvoet differences, {hkl} and {k\bar{h}l}, on the same crystal on which OR was measured. Atomic positions and electron density Fourier peak heights were exploited as input for semi-empirical calculations of refractive indices and OR, using WinOPTACT [Glazer (2002). J. Appl. Cryst. 35, 652] with only one free parameter fitted to match the average refractive index.

Optical Properties of AlGaAsSb, AlGalnP, AlGaInAs, and GaInAsP for Optoelectronic Applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Linnik ◽  
A. Christou
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Interband Transition ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Quaternary Alloy ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Incident Wavelength ◽  
Semiconductor Alloy ◽  
Transparent Region ◽  
Semi Empirical

ABSTRACTThe authors present calculations of quaternary III–V semiconductor alloy optical properties and the comparison of the theoretical data with available experimental results for AlGaAsSb, AlGaInP, AlGaInAs, and GaInAsP alloys. The investigation includes material's energy bandgap and refractive index calculations as a function of the incident wavelength in the transparent region, as well as the composition of the alloy. Optimization of the quaternary alloy refractive indices was obtained from a semi-empirical dielectric function calculations based on the interband transition contributions.

scholarly journals Refractometric study on binary, ternary, and quaternary solutions made by water, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, D-glucose monohydrate (DGMH), sucrose, and sodium chloride at T = 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardad Koohyar ◽  
Javad Nasiri ◽  
Farhoush Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Binary Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Semi Empirical

The glycerol, D-glucose monohydrate (DGMH), sucrose, and sodium chloride are used in food industries and the measurement of properties for these components and their aqueous solutions can be important. In this research work, the refractive indices for binary solutions of (methanol + glycerol), (ethanol + glycerol), ternary solutions of (water + glycerol + DGMH), (water + glycerol + sucrose), (water + sucrose + DGMH), (water + sucrose + ethanol), (water + ethanol + DGMH), (water + NaCl + DGMH), (water + methanol + NaCl), (water + ethanol + NaCl), (water + NaCl + glycerol), (water + sucrose + NaCl), and quaternary solutions of (water + ethanol + sucrose + DGMH), (water + ethanol + sucrose + glycerol), (water + NaCl + sucrose + glycerol) were measured in wide range of mole fractions at T = 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure. For binary solutions of this study, the changes of refractive index on mixing, ∆nD, were calculated in each mole fraction at T = 293.15 K. Also, the refractive index of binary solutions was fitted by a semi-empirical equation. The constant of this equation, Kr, was represented by Koohyar et al. in 2011. This constant can be used to investigate power of interactions between solute and solvent molecules. For ternary and quaternary solutions of this study, a semi-empirical equation was used to determine refractive indices at given temperature. The comparison between calculated and experimental refractive indices shows that there is a good agreement between them especially in lower molal concentrations.    

scholarly journals Real refractive indices and volatility of secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation and ozonolysis of limonene, α-pinene and toluene

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 7711-7723 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kim ◽  
S. E. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Hydrocarbon Oxidation ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Genetic Algorithm Method ◽  
Oxidation Chemistry ◽  
532 Nm

Abstract. Thermodenuding particles can provide insights into aerosol composition and may be a way to create particles in laboratory chambers that better mimic the atmosphere. The relative volatility of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was investigated by evaporating organics from the particles using a thermodenuder (TD) at temperatures between ∼60 and 100 °C. Volatility was influenced by the parent hydrocarbon, oxidation chemistry and relative humidity (RH). For SOA generated from ozonolysis, limonene had lower volatility than α-pinene, and OH scavengers had no influence on volatility. For photooxidation, α-pinene SOA was slightly more volatile than limonene SOA. Increasing RH also modestly increased volatility, while toluene SOA was unaffected by heating to 98 °C. For both α-pinene and limonene, the concentration of NOx and the HC / NOx ratio had no discernible effect on SOA volatility. Refractive indices for the original and denuded particles were retrieved from polar nephelometer measurements using parallel and perpendicular polarized 532 nm light. Retrievals were performed with a genetic algorithm method using Mie–Lorenz scattering theory and measured particle size distributions. Retrieved refractive indices for the SOA before thermodenuding varied between 1.35 and 1.61 depending on several factors, including parent hydrocarbon, oxidation chemistry, and SOA generation temperature. For high NOx SOA, as particles shrink, their refractive index returns to the value of the corresponding size particles before heating (limonene) or slightly higher (α-pinene). For low NOx however, the resulting refractive index is 0.05 ± 0.02 lower than the corresponding size undenuded particles. Additionally, for α-pinene SOA from ozonolysis with OH radical scavenger, resulting refractive indices were higher by about 0.03 after heating. Consistent with no change in size, refractive indices of toluene SOA were unaffected by heating. Finally, refractive index data available to date are reviewed, leading to the suggestion that the most representative values for mr at λ =532 nm for biogenic and anthropogenic SOA are 1.44 and 1.55, respectively.

Light microscopy of ceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 908-909
Author(s):  
Walter C. McCrone
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Refractive Index

An excellent chapter on this subject by V.D. Fréchette appeared in a book edited by L.L. Hench and R.W. Gould in 1971 (1). That chapter with the references cited there provides a very complete coverage of the subject. I will add a more complete coverage of an important polarized light microscope (PLM) technique developed more recently (2). Dispersion staining is based on refractive index and its variation with wavelength (dispersion of index). A particle of, say almandite, a garnet, has refractive indices of nF = 1.789 nm, nD = 1.780 nm and nC = 1.775 nm. A Cargille refractive index liquid having nD = 1.780 nm will have nF = 1.810 and nC = 1.768 nm. Almandite grains will disappear in that liquid when observed with a beam of 589 nm light (D-line), but it will have a lower refractive index than that liquid with 486 nm light (F-line), and a higher index than that liquid with 656 nm light (C-line).

Application of the turbidity ratio method in the spherical particle size determination in the range m ∈ and α ∈

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2064-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blahoslav Sedláček ◽  
Břetislav Verner ◽  
Miroslav Bárta ◽  
Karel Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Spherical Particle ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Relative Refractive Index ◽  
Particle Size Determination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Turbidity Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

Basic scattering functions were used in a novel calculation of the turbidity ratios for particles having the relative refractive index m = 1.001, 1.005 (0.005) 1.315 and the size α = 0.05 (0.05) 6.00 (0.10) 15.00 (0.50) 70.00 (1.00) 100, where α = πL/λ, L is the diameter of the spherical particle, λ = Λ/μ1 is the wavelength of light in a medium with the refractive index μ1 and Λ is the wavelength of light in vacuo. The data are tabulated for the wavelength λ = 546.1/μw = 409.357 nm, where μw is the refractive index of water. A procedure has been suggested how to extend the applicability of Tables to various refractive indices of the medium and to various turbidity ratios τa/τb obtained with the individual pairs of wavelengths λa and λb. The selection of these pairs is bound to the sequence condition λa = λ0χa and λb = λ0χb, in which b-a = δ = 1, 2, 3; a = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., b = a + δ = -1, 0, 1, 2, ...; λ0 = λa=0 = 326.675 nm; χ = 546.1 : 435.8 = 1.2531 is the quotient of the given sequence.

New Perovskite Based Structures in the Bi-Sr-O System

1992 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bokhimi ◽  
M. Portilla
Keyword(s):  
Cell Parameter ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Group I

ABSTRACTWe report one amorphous and four new crystalline phases in the Bi-Sr-0 system. The structure of three of the crystalline phases was identified. The Br10Bi6O24-y phase, which is cubic with space group Fm3m and cell parameter a = 0.8471(1) nm. The SreBi10O27-y phase, which is tetragonal with the space group I/mmm, and cell parameters a = 0.6007(1), c = 0.8376(1) nm. The SreBi10O27-y phase, which is tetragonal with space group I/mmm and cell parameters a = 1.3221(1), c = 0.4249(1) nm. We show that in the crystalline structures Sr and Bi occupy equivalent sites.

Development of Low-Cost Abbe Refractometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Weeratouch Pongruengkiat ◽  
Thitika Jungpanich ◽  
Kodchakorn Ittipornnuson ◽  
Suejit Pechprasarn ◽  
Naphat Albutt
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Component ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Optical Wavelength ◽  
Refractive Index Spectrum ◽  
Transparent Polymers ◽  
Abbe Refractometer

Refractive index and Abbe number are major physical properties of optical materials including glasses and transparent polymers. Refractive index is, in fact, not a constant number and is varied as a function of optical wavelength. The full refractive index spectrum can be obtained using a spectrometer. However, for optical component designers, three refractive indices at the wavelengths of 486.1 nm, 589.3 nm and 656.3 nm are usually sufficient for most of the design tasks, since the rest of the spectrum can be predicted by mathematical models and interpolation. In this paper, we propose a simple optical instrumental setup that determines the refractive indices at three wavelengths and the Abbe number of solid and liquid materials.

Investigation of the third-order nonlinear optical properties in porphyrin solutions in the picosecond regime

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550030 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chniti ◽  
C. Cassagne ◽  
J. L. Godet ◽  
G. Boudebs
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Optical Response ◽  
Spectral Width ◽  
Incident Laser ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
532 Nm

The D4σ-Z-scan technique is used to evaluate the sign and the magnitude of the nonlinear (NL) refractive index and the NL absorption (NLA) coefficient with a laser delivering single pulses in the picosecond regime at 355 nm, 532 nm and 1064 nm. The NL optical response of the zinc porphyrins (Pph) has been found to be significantly enhanced. The study of the NLA and refraction is performed, taking into account the time dependence and the spectral width of the incident laser. The variations of the NL coefficients as a function of the intensity and the concentration are provided and are found to be linear.

scholarly journals Refractive index evaluation of porous silicon using Bragg reflectors

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Estrada-Wiese ◽  
J.A. Del Río
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Merit Function ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Bragg Reflectors ◽  
Photonic Bandgaps ◽  
Photonic Structures ◽  
Index Evaluation

There are two main physical properties needed to fabricate 1D photonic structures and form perfect photonic bandgaps: the quality of thethickness periodicity and the refractive index of their components. Porous silicon (PS) is a nano-structured material widely used to prepare 1Dphotonic crystals due to the ease of tuning its porosity and its refractive index by changing the fabrication conditions. Since the morphologyof PS changes with porosity, the determination of PS’s refractive index is no easy task. To find the optical properties of PS we can usedifferent effective medium approximations (EMA). In this work we propose a method to evaluate the performance of the refractive index ofPS layers to build photonic Bragg reflectors. Through a quality factor we measure the agreement between theory and experiment and thereinpropose a simple procedure to determine the usability of the refractive indices. We test the obtained refractive indices in more complicatedstructures, such as a broadband Vis-NIR mirror, and by means of a Merit function we find a good agreement between theory and experiment.With this study we have proposed quantitative parameters to evaluate the refractive index for PS Bragg reflectors. This procedure could havean impact on the design and fabrication of 1D photonic structures for different applications.

scholarly journals NILAI TAMBAH MINYAK AKAR WANGI DENGAN PEMEKATAN KADAR VETIVEROL MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI CO2 FLUIDA SUPERKRITIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny Sulaswatty ◽  
Egi Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Great Opportunity

Potensi Indonesia akan minyak akar wangi yang berorientasi ekspor dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, sabun, keperluan terapi, antiseptik, massage oil, farmasi dan pestisida memberikan peluang yang besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dunia. Guna nilai tambah minyak akar wangi dengan meningkatkan kadar vetiverol sebagai komponen utama, diaplikasikan teknologi ekstraksi fluida karbondioksida superkritik yang merupakan perpaduan ekstraksi, fraksinasi dan deodorisasi dengan didukung keunggulan karbondioksida sebagai pelarut yang inert, ramah lingkungan, mudah dipisahkan, dan berdaya larut tinggi.  Minyak akar wangi Garut (Java vetiver oil) sebagai bahan baku, mempunyai karakteristik  kadar vetiverol  39.03 %; Bobot jenis 0.9977; indeks bias 1.5247;  putaran optik +38.1; kelarutan dalam alkohol 95%  yaitu 1:1 jernih; bilangan asam 28.1; bilangan ester 24.6; bilangan ester setelah asetilasi 115.5; serta tidak mengandung minyak lemak dan  minyak keruing. Pemilihan kondisi proses guna menghasilkan kandungan vetiverol optimal dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir gas CO2, tekanan dan suhu sebagai parameter penting dalam keberhasilan proses ekstraksi minyak akar wangi dengan fluida CO2 superkritik. Pemilihan laju alir konstan dan lebih stabil  diperoleh pada 5.5 liter/menit, sedangkan untuk variasi tekanan ekstraktor (1500, 1750, 2000 psi) dan suhu ekstraktor (40-50oC);  tekanan dan suhu separator  500 psi dan 25oC serta waktu proses selama lima jam dengan pengambilan ekstrak setiap jam. Tekanan dan suhu proses yang optimal diperoleh pada 1750 psi dan suhu 40oC  dengan  rafinat minyak akar wangi berkadar vetiverol  51.82 %,  bilangan ester 7.2 dan bilangan ester setelah asetilasi  172.4. Tingginya tekanan dan rendahnya suhu berpengaruh terhadap perolehan ekstrak; penurunan rafinat; peningkatan nilai  bobot jenis ekstrak dan rafinat; indeks bias ekstrak dan rafinat; putaran optik ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan viskositas ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan bilangan ester ekstrak, bilangan ester setelah asetilasi ekstrak, serta kandungan vetiverol.Kata Kunci: Minyak Akar Wangi, Vetiverol, Ekstraksi Fluida Superkritik Potential Indonesian vetiver oil export oriented industry of cosmetics, perfumes, soaps, therapeutic purposes, antiseptic, massage oil, pharmaceutical and pesticide presents a great opportunity to meet the needs of the world. In order to add value vetiver oil by increasing the levels vetiverol as the main component, was applied to carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction technology which is a combination of extraction, fractionation and deodorization with excellence supported carbon dioxide as an inert solvent, eco-friendly, easily separated, and the high solubility. Garut vetiver oil (Java vetiver oil) as raw material, has the characteristics vetiverol levels 39.03%, specific gravity of 0.9977; refractive index of 1.5247; optical rotation +38.1; solubility in alcohol 95% is a clear 1:1; acid number 28.1; ester number 24.6; ester number after acetylation 115.5; as well as fats and oils contain no oil keruing. The selection process conditions in order to produce optimal vetiverol content performed by varying the flow rate of CO2 gas, pressure and temperature as an important parameter in the success of vetiver oil extraction with supercritical CO2 fluid. The selection of a constant flow rate and more stable obtained at 5.5 liters / min, whereas for pressure variation extractor (1500-2000 psi) and extractor temperature (40-50oC); separator pressure and temperature of 500 psi and 25 °C as well as the processing time for five hours by taking extracts every hour. Pressure and temperature optimum process obtained at 1750 psi and a temperature of 40oC with rafinat vetiverol vetiver oil yield of 51.82%, ester number 7.2, and ester number after acetylation 172.4. The high pressure and low temperature affect the acquisition of the extract; rafinat decline; increase in the value of specific gravity and rafinat extracts; refractive index and rafinat extract; optical rotation and rafinat extract; increase in the viscosity of the extract and rafinat; increase in numbers ester extract, ester number after acetylation extracts, as well as the content vetiverol. Key word: Vetiver Oil, Vetiverol, Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

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