Examination of whewellite kidney stones by scanning electron microscopy and powder neutron diffraction techniques

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Daudon ◽  
Dominique Bazin ◽  
Gilles André ◽  
Paul Jungers ◽  
Alain Cousson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Mesoscopic Scale ◽  
Powder Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electron

Kidney stones made of whewellite,i.e.calcium oxalate monohydrate, exhibit various morphological aspects. The crystalline structure of whewellite at the atomic scale was revisited through a single-crystal neutron study at room temperature using a four-circle automated diffractometer. The possible relationships between the various morphological types of whewellite stones and their structural characteristics were examined at the mesoscopic scale by the use of scanning electron microscopy and at the nanometric scale by powder neutron diffraction. All types of whewellite stones displayed a similar structure at the nanometric scale. However, significant differences were found at the mesoscopic scale. In particular, the crystallites in kidney stones resulting from a genetic hyperoxaluria exhibited a peculiar structure. There was a close relationship between stone morphology and crystallite organization at the mesoscopic level and the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

scholarly journals Therapy modifies cystine kidney stones at the macroscopic scale. Do such alterations exist at the mesoscopic and nanometre scale?

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Bazin ◽  
Michel Daudon ◽  
Gilles André ◽  
Raphael Weil ◽  
Emmanuel Véron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Powder Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Cystine Stones ◽  
Scanning Electron

With an incidence of 1:7000 births, cystinuria, the most frequent cause of stone formation among genetic diseases, represents a major medical problem. Twenty-five cystine stones randomly selected from cystinuric patients were investigated. From a crystallographic point of view, cystine stones are composed of micrometre size crystallites, which are made up of an aggregation of nanocrystals. Through scanning electron microscopy, the morphology and size of the crystallites have been described, while the size of the nanocrystals was investigated by means of powder neutron diffraction. Powder neutron diffraction analysis and/or scanning electron microscopy examination of cystine stones provide evidence that usual alkalinization by sodium bicarbonate associated with high diuresis significantly reduces the size of both nanocrystals and crystallites, while for other treatments, including alkalinizing drugs and thiol derivatives, the data suggest mainly changes in the topology of crystallites. Alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate affects cystine kidney stones at the mesoscopic and nanoscopic scales, while other medical treatments only alter their surface. Such an approach may help to assess the interaction between drugs and cystine stones in cystinuric patients.

Compositional and architectural variation in urinary calculi from nucleus to periphery: an integrated IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1794-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramita Chatterjee ◽  
Samiran Pramanik ◽  
Alok Kumar Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Scanning Electron

A combination of IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction has been used to analyze the compositional and architectural variation across the different parts (core, middle and outer layers) of five human urinary calculi (KS1–KS5) from eastern India. Rietveld quantitative phase analysis using X-ray powder diffraction revealed that the composition of the core regions in KS1–KS3 and KS5 is exclusively whewellite, whereas in KS4 it is a mixture of whewellite (84.5 wt%) and carbonated hydroxyapatite (15.5 wt%). While one of the renal stones, KS1, is composed of only whewellite in all three regions, a distinct variation in phase composition from the core towards the periphery has been observed in KS2–KS5. A drastic change in phase composition has been noted in KS5, with the major constituent phases in the core, middle and outer layers as whewellite (100.0 wt%), anhydrous uric acid (60.7 wt%) and carbonated hydroxyapatite (69.6 wt%), respectively. The crystallite size of whewellite in different parts of the kidney stones varies between 91 (1) and 167 (1) nm, while the corresponding sizes of the anhydrous uric acid in KS5 and carbonated hydroxyapatite in KS3 are 107 (1) and 18 (1)–20 (1) nm, respectively. SEM images of the kidney stones showed different levels of organization, resulting from an agglomeration of crystallites with diverse shapes and sizes.

Three-dimensional aspects of the structural characteristics and kidney angioarchitecture of adult and aged wistar rats: A scanning electron microscopy study

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina De Sousa Bolina ◽  
Regina De Sousa Bolina-Matos ◽  
Paulo Henrique De Matos Alves ◽  
Diego Pulzato Cury ◽  
Adriano Polican Ciena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Structural and microstructural characterization of human kidney stones from eastern India using IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal study and X-ray Rietveld analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumen Ghosh ◽  
Sharmila Basu ◽  
Santu Chakraborty ◽  
Alok K. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Structural and microstructural characterizations of eight human kidney stones (KS1–KS8) from eastern India have been carried out using IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric methods. An X-ray diffraction phase quantification revealed that three of the renal stones (KS1–KS3) were composed exclusively of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and the remaining five (KS4–KS8) contained varying amounts of calcium oxalate dihydrate (40.1–53.0 wt%) and hydroxyapatite (1.3–17.3 wt%), in addition to the COM phase. The crystalline structure of COM (whewellite) at the atomic scale was redetermined through an X-ray powder diffraction study at room temperature using Rietveld analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis of KS1 reveals that COM (whewellite) is stable up to around 439 K, above which temperature anhydrous calcium oxalate is formed. The oxalate transforms to calcium carbonate at 751 K and finally to calcium oxide above 969 K. It should be emphasized that meaningful statistics in total number or gender specificity cannot be achieved with eight kidney stones.

scholarly journals Effect of Fermentation on Structural Characteristics and Bioactive Compounds of Bee-Pollen Based Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Zuluaga-Dominguez ◽  
Marta Quicazan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractBee-pollen is a product of the hive which has had a growth in consumption in recent years due to the recognition of its nutritional and bioactive potential. However, several reports have shown that the external structure of the grain limits the absorption of nutrients in the human gastrointestinal tract. A structural modification could be achieved through fermentative processes, favoring the release of compounds found inside this food, in addition to obtaining a product with potential probiotic characteristics. The objective of this work was to evaluate how fermentation through the inclusion of yeasts of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacteria of species Lactobacillus plantarum or a commercial culture Choozit® affeccted such parameters as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The results found that the use of consortia between yeast and lactic acid bacteria significantly increased in such characteristics as total phenolics and antioxidant activity by 31% and 39% respectively. The analysis by DSC showed an increase in the heat flow of the fermented products compared to fresh bee-pollen, which could indicate structural modification caused by the activity of microorganisms, a fact made visible through micrographs obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Metals in Human Gall, Bladder, and Kidney Stones Based on an Electron Microprobe Investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Moser ◽  
Federica Zaccarini ◽  
Waltraud Moser ◽  
Rudolf Schrittwieser ◽  
Reinhold Kerbl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Dispersive System ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Nickel Lead ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSeveral particles of copper accompanied by a few particles of nickel, lead, and a compound composed of selenium containing minor Ni, Si, Cu, and Co were found in human gall, kidney, and bladder stones. The investigated particles occur as tiny grains, <10 µm in size, that are irregularly dispersed in the stones. Therefore, they were studied by scanning electron microscopy and qualitatively analyzed by energy dispersive system. One grain of copper contained a small amount of Ni and Zn, and some grains of nickel proved to contain Cr as trace element. Most of the discovered metals formed a single-phase grain. However, a few grains found in two gallstones were associated with inclusions of calcium and apatite. Based on the results presented in this contribution, we argue that most of the studied metals can be classified as endogenous particles, i.e., directly precipitated from the same fluids that formed their host human stones. This observation suggests that the precipitation and accumulation of metals in some human stones can be considered an efficient way to eliminate them from the human body.

Mechanical Behavior of the Amorphous/Nanocrystal Ni-Mo Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zeng Chen ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Bao De Jing ◽  
Ning Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Binding Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

The amorphous alloy application is limited because of its brittleness property. Based on the grain structural characteristics of nanocrystal alloys, the mechanical behavior of the amorphous/nanocrystal Ni-Mo alloy is investigated in this text. The microstructure of the deposit and the crack propagation were discussed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results show that amorphous/nanocrystal Ni-Mo alloy has a higher microhardness, a strong binding force between a certain thickness coating with the substrate.

Correlative atomic-force microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy of proteins attached to platelet surfaces

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
S.R. Simmons ◽  
S.J. Eppell ◽  
R.E. Marchant ◽  
R.M. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

The atomic force microscope (AFM) has provided images at submolecular or atomic scale resolution of biological macromolecules attached to surfaces such as mica, graphite, or synthetic phospholipid membranes. Because the AFM can be operated with the sample in air, vacuum, or immersed in a liquid such as a biological buffer, it has the potential for high resolution imaging of the structure and organization of macromolecules on surfaces of cells in the hydrated or even living state. Realization of this potential would allow observation of molecular processes at the cell surface without the necessity for preparation of the sample for electron microscopy. To date, however, the AFM has yielded images of cell surfaces only at relatively low magnifications, and has not provided the atomic resolution achieved on hard, crystalline surfaces.Previously we have utilized correlative video-enhanced light microscopy, high voltage transmission electron microscopy, and low voltage, high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM)

Oxalate nephrosis in Macaca fascicularis

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Skelton-Stroud ◽  
J. R. Glaister
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Crystals within the renal proximal convoluted tubules of several cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fasciculata) were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy together with histochemistry and X-ray microanalysis techniques. The crystals were shown to have the physical structure and staining characteristics of calcium oxalate monohydrate. The incidence varied between different batches of animals and no definite cause was established.

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