scholarly journals The International Year of Crystallography

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1287-C1287
Author(s):  
Claude Lecomte ◽  
Gautam Desiraju
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South America ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Hands On ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Parts

IYCr2014 aims at improving public awareness of the field, boost access to instrumentation and high-level research, nurture "home-grown" crystallographers in developing nations, and increase international collaborations for the benefit of future generations. The IUCr-UNESCO OpenLab is a network of operational crystallographic laboratories based mainly in Africa, Asia and South America, and implemented in partnership with industry. The OpenLabs will enable students in far-flung lands to have hands-on training in modern techniques and expose them to cutting-edge research in the field. Such project was started based on the strong experience gained through the IUCr Initiative in Africa . The Summit meetings are intended to bring together scientists from countries in three widely separated parts of the world. Karachi (Pakistan), Campinas (Brazil) and Bloemfontein (South Africa). These meetings, attended by scientists from academia and industry and by science administrators, will focus on high-level science, and also highlight the difficulties and problems of conducting competitive scientific research in different parts of the developing world. Moreover, a worldwide crystal-growing competition aims at attracting and inspiring youngsters.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF NEUROBRUCELLOSIS ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION OF SAMARKAND MUNICIPAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
N. A. Yarmuhamedova ◽  
K. S. Djuraeva ◽  
U. X. Samibaeva ◽  
Z. D. Bahrieva ◽  
D. A. Shodieva
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level

Brucellosis is a particularly dangerous and socially significant infection that causes considerable economic damage and leads to a high level of patients’ disability (Vershilova P. A., 1961, Beklemishev N. D., 1965). Brucellosis is a global problem for medical and veterinary health services (Corbel M. J., 1997, Boschiroli M. L., 2001). According to the information of WHO Joint Expert Committee on Brucellosis (1986), this disease is registered among animals in 155 countries around the world. Mostly Brucellosis is spread in the Mediterranean countries, Asia Minor, South and South-East Asia, Africa, Central and South America (Sauret I. M. E., 2002; Ergonul O. E. A., 2004; Karabay O. E. A., 2004; Getinkaua Z. E. A., 2005; Alim A., Tomul Z. D., 2005; Onishchenko G. G., 2005) These indices are ten times higher in countries of Central Asia. The registered cases of this disease here are compounded 116 cases per 1 million people in Kazakhstan and 362 in Kyrgyzstan. In Uzbekistan, there are 18 cases per 1 million people. In the Russian Federation there are 4.1 cases per 1 million people, Greece – 21 cases, Germany and the United Kingdom – 0.3 cases.

scholarly journals The conservation role of forestry in South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

In September 1965, at the signing ceremony of a National Park Bill, United States President Johnson remarked: "We are living in the Century of Change. But if future generations are to remember us more with gratitude than with sorrow, we must achieve more than just the miracles of technology. We must also leave them a glimpse of the world as God really made it, not just as it looked when we got through with it." In the same spirit, forestry in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) shares the responsibility of conserving and restoring as far as possible the environment in which we and succeeding generations must live.

scholarly journals Passengers' destinations from China: low risk of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmul Haider ◽  
Alexei Yavlinsky ◽  
David Simons ◽  
Abdinasir Yusuf Osman ◽  
Francine Ntoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Very High

Abstract Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV [SARS-COV-2]) was detected in humans during the last week of December 2019 at Wuhan city in China, and caused 24 554 cases in 27 countries and territories as of 5 February 2020. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV through human passenger air flight from four major cities of China (Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou) to the passengers' destination countries. We extracted the weekly simulated passengers' end destination data for the period of 1–31 January 2020 from FLIRT, an online air travel dataset that uses information from 800 airlines to show the direct flight and passengers' end destination. We estimated a risk index of 2019-nCoV transmission based on the number of travellers to destination countries, weighted by the number of confirmed cases of the departed city reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). We ranked each country based on the risk index in four quantiles (4th quantile being the highest risk and 1st quantile being the lowest risk). During the period, 388 287 passengers were destined for 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories across the world. The risk index of 2019-nCoV among the countries had a very high correlation with the WHO-reported confirmed cases (0.97). According to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one Coronavirus-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two in the 3rd quantile, one in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile. Outside China, countries with a higher risk of 2019-nCoV transmission are Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which reported at least one case. In pan-Europe, UK, France, Russia, Germany and Italy; in North America, USA and Canada; in Oceania, Australia had high risk, all of them reported at least one case. In Africa and South America, the risk of transmission is very low with Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil showing a similar risk of transmission compared to the risk of any of the countries where at least one case is detected. The risk of transmission on 31 January 2020 was very high in neighbouring Asian countries, followed by Europe (UK, France, Russia and Germany), Oceania (Australia) and North America (USA and Canada). Increased public health response including early case recognition, isolation of identified case, contract tracing and targeted airport screening, public awareness and vigilance of health workers will help mitigate the force of further spread to naïve countries.

scholarly journals Analytical Study of General Insurance in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Sumeet Gupta
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
General Insurance ◽  
The World ◽  
Insurance Density ◽  
Insurance Penetration

There is a striking difference between developed and developing nations in terms of general insurance penetration and density. It was highest for United States in 2008. It was very closely followed by Switzerland. In fact, General insurance density and penetration both has always been high for these two countries. In this way, these two countries can be regarded as the world leader in general insurance industry. General insurance penetration has not shown much change over the years. For developed countries the average General insurance penetration for 2008 was 3.40 while that of developing nations was just 2.90. Also, there have been no major changes in these values since 2001.  Among developing countries, South Africa and Taiwan are fast gaining momentum. Russia is also a close competitor in terms of general insurance penetration. In the Indian sub-continent, it is Sri Lanka that has shown the maximum general insurance penetration and density. India is the next in the rank.

Caribbean Companies and the Information Superhighway

2008 ◽  
pp. 1986-1994
Author(s):  
Simon Fraser
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Diffusion

With the explosion of public awareness of the Internet in the early 1990s, much attention has been focused on ways in which these new technologies can be used in developing nations. Some of the primary proponents of these initiatives include the World Bank, The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Inter American Development Bank. The major themes include ways in which the Internet and electronic commerce can be harnessed for development, impediments to rapid diffusion of Internet technologies and success stories in small and medium companies.

Bibles, Schools and Citizens

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-152
Author(s):  
Andrés Baeza Ruz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Personal Projects ◽  
Global Mission ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Different Parts

Many Britons travelled to Chile because were representing the interests of another group of individuals and not only their own personal projects. This was the case of the British Protestant societies that emerged in Britain since late eighteenth century and were sending agents and missionaries to different parts of the world. These societies aimed to civilise the rest of the world and were therefore embarked on what they saw as a global mission. Some of them, like the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) and the British and Foreign School Society (BFSS), reached South America and Chile when the struggles for the Independence were coming to an end. This chapter analyses the process of interaction and the exchange of ideas and practices between the agents of these societies who travelled to Chile in the 1820s, and the Chileans who were involved in the construction of the new state.

Understanding Twitter as an e-WOM

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Rao Hodeghatta ◽  
Sangeeta Sahney
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Hollywood Movies ◽  
Different Parts

Purpose – This paper aims to research as to how Twitter is influential as an electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) communication tool and thereby affecting movie market. In present days, social media is playing an important role in connecting people around the globe. The technology has provided a platform in the social media space for people to share their experiences through text, photos and videos. Twitter is one such online social networking media that enables its users to send and read text-based messages of up to 140 characters, known as “tweets”. Twitter has nearly 200 million users and billions of such tweets are generated by users every other day. Social media micro-blogging broadcasting networks such as Twitter are transforming the way e-WOM is disseminated and consumed in the digital world. Twitter social behaviour for the Hollywood movies has been assessed across seven countries to validate the two basic blocks of the honeycomb model – sharing and conversation. Twitter behaviour was studied for 27 movies in 22 different cities of seven countries and for six genres with a total tweets of 9.28 million. The difference of Twitter social media behaviour was compared across countries, and “sharing” and “conversation” as two building blocks of the honeycomb model were studied. t-Test results revealed that the behaviour is different across countries and across genres. Design/methodology/approach – The objective of the paper is to analyse Twitter messages on an entertainment product (movies) across different regions of the world. Hollywood movies are released across different parts of the world, and Twitter users are also in different parts of the world. The objective is to hence validate “conversation” and “sharing” building blocks of the honeycomb model. The research is confined to analysing Twitter data related to a few Hollywood movies. The tweets were collected across nine different cities spanning four different countries where English language is prominent. To understand the Twitter social media behaviour, a crawler application using Python and Java was developed to collect tweets of Hollywood movies from the Twitter database. The application has incorporated Twitter application programming interfaces (APIs) to access the Twitter database to extract tweets according to movies search queries across different parts of the world. The searching, collecting and analysing of the tweets is a rather challenging task because of various reasons. The tweets are stored in a Twitter corpus and can be accessed by the public using APIs. To understand whether tweets vary from one country to another, the analysis of variance test was conducted. To assess whether Twitter behaviour is different, and to compare the behaviour across countries, t-tests were conducted taking two countries at a time. The comparisons were made across all the six genres. In this way, an attempt was made to obtain a microscopic view of the Twitter behaviour for each of the seven countries and the six genres. Findings – The findings show that the people use social media across the world. Nearly 9.28 million tweets were from seven countries, namely, USA, UK, Canada, South Africa, Australia, India and New Zealand for 27 Hollywood movies. This is indicative of the fact that today, people are exchanging information across different countries, that people are conversing about a product on social media and people are sharing information about a product on social media and, thus, proving the hypothesis. Further, the results indicate that the users in USA, Canada and UK, tweet more than the other countries, USA and UK being the highest in tweets followed by the Canada. On the other hand, the number of tweets in Australia, India and South Africa are low with New Zealand being the lowest of all the countries. This indicates that different countries’ users have different social media behaviour. Some countries use social media to communicate about their experience more than in some other country. However, consumers from all over the world are using Twitter to express their views openly and freely. Originality/value – This research is useful to scholars and enterprises to understand opinions on Twitter social media and predict their impact. The study can be extended to any products which can lead to better customer relationship management. Companies can use the Internet and social media to promote and get feedback on their products and services across different parts of the world. Governments can inform the public about their new policies, benefits of governmental programmes to people and ways to improve the Internet reach to more people and also for creating awareness about health, hygiene, natural calamities and safety.

scholarly journals A primer on running human behavioural experiments online

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijl Grootswagers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Online Testing ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The World ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
High Level

Moving from the lab to an online environment opens up enormous potential to collect behavioural data from thousands of participants with the click of a button. However, getting the first online experiment running requires familiarisation with a number of new tools and terminologies. There exist a number of tutorials and hands-on guides that can facilitate this process, but these are often tailored to one specific online platform. The aim of this paper is to give a broad introduction to the world of online testing. This will provide a high-level understanding of the infrastructure before diving into specific details with more in-depth tutorials. Becoming familiar with these tools allows moving from hypothesis to experimental data within hours.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY MEDIA & DEMOCRACY

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Rajendra Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Community Media ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Democracy ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Parts

To see how the community media played a role in establishing democracy in different parts of the world in the last one year, a study on different news, current affairs and publications between February-April 2011 was done. From the study it was evident that, community media indeed played a significant role in creating mass public awareness against their respective autocratic rulers and thereby prompting them to overthrow those governments. It was because of the community media that democratic principles are widely disseminated and adopted.

Genomic Technologies and the Emergence of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa)

2016 ◽  
pp. 189-212
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Research Organization ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Beijing Genomic Institute ◽  
The World ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Genomic Science

In this chapter, we will discuss China being on record as one of the most progressive member of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The huge population census, the high literacy rate, coupled with the training and graduation of over 300,000 technical experts annually are abundant evidence for China to become a leader in genomic science among the BRICS. The state-of-the-art technological resources for sequencing, which were recently acquired in China, has facilitated the accomplishment of innovative sequencing of animals, plants, and insects, which are components of the ecological fauna and flora of Asia. The Beijing Genomic Institute is the largest genome-based research organization in the world. Other progressing developing nations such as Brazil, Russia, India, and South Africa are making steady progress in genomic science.

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