scholarly journals STANDARDS AND INDEXES FOR EVALUATING OPEN UNIVERSITIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Chang Yeul Yang ◽  
Bowon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Open University ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
Regional Campuses ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Institutional Evaluation ◽  
University Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of

This article is the second part of the research on the institutional evaluation of the open universities. The title of the first one was ‘Evaluation Standards for Institutional Evaluation of Open Universities,’ which was presented at the 22nd AAOU Annual Conference, Tianjin, China. In the previous study we discussed the definition of university evaluation and some of the controversial points in the existing evaluation. The focal point was that the existing standards and indexes are not appropriate for Korea National Open University (KNOU) as an open university, and that it is necessary to establish a new evaluating system for the university. We believe it is true of the other open universities throughout Asia and the world. In short, the present research provides the practical and effective data on the evaluation standard. It also includes some new qualitative, quantitative and modified evaluation indexes reflecting the distinctive features of the open universities. The main part of this article elaborates on 5 evaluation domains, 23 evaluation sections, 81 evaluation items and 229 evaluation indexes. These evaluation domains, sections, items and indexes result from the practical surveys and AHP and Swing analyses. The result of this research will prove a good and essential element for ranking indicators in ODE universities. At the end of the paper we add some new standards and indexes for evaluating regional campuses of the open universities, which is another important agenda for upgrading the learner support throughout the country.

scholarly journals EVALUATION STANDARD FOR INSTITUSIONAL EVALUATION OF OPEN UNIVERSITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Bowon Kim ◽  
Chang Yeul Yang
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning System ◽  
University Education ◽  
Open University ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Evaluation ◽  
The University ◽  
Korean Universities

This study is to develop the standards and indexes for evaluating the open university as an institution. Having successfully taken root in their societies since their launching, Asian open universities now need to further up their teaching and learning system which demands a rigid evaluation and assessment of a university as an institution. For the past ten years, Korea National Open University (KNOU) was evaluated twice by Korean Council for University Education (KCUE), which is in charge of the evaluation of the Korean universities; the result was not so satisfactory. It was because its evaluation standards and indexes were not appropriate for KNOU as an open university. They were primarily for the conventional universities. Thus KNOU needed its own assessment indexes, and this is a research looking for the proper ones for evaluating KNOU within the frame of university evaluation in Korea. Other open universities in Asia also have experienced or will face such problems in terms of the university evaluation. The result of this research will be helpful not only for KNOU but for other Asian open universities preparing for the university evaluation.

MARCEL PAGNOL'S THE BAKER'S WIFE, A CINEMATIC CHARIVARI IN POPULAR FRONT FRANCE

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRETT BOWLES
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
National Union ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Taking an anthropological approach, this article interprets Pagnol's critically acknowledged classic as a reinvention of a carnivalesque ritual practised in France from the late middle ages through the late 1930s, when ethnographers observed its last vestiges. By linking La Femme du boulanger (The baker's wife, 1938) to contemporaneous debates over gender, national decadence, and the definition of French cultural identity, I argue that the film recycles the charivari's long-standing function as a tool of popular protest against social and political practices regarded as detrimental to the welfare of the nation. In the context of the Popular Front, Pagnol's charivari ridiculed divisive partisan politics pitting Left against Right, symbolically purged class conflict from the social body, and created a new form of folklore that served as a focal point for the communitarian ritual of movie-going among the urban working and middle classes. In so doing, the film promoted the ongoing shift in public support away from the Popular Front in favour of a conservative ‘National Union’ government under Prime Minister Edouard Daladier, who in 1938–9 assumed the role of France's newest political patriarch.

scholarly journals Definition of essential sequences and functional equivalence of elements downstream of the adenovirus E2A and the early simian virus 40 polyadenylation sites.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2975-2983 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Hart ◽  
M A McDevitt ◽  
H Ali ◽  
J R Nevins
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Polyadenylic Acid ◽  
Sequence Elements ◽  
Cleavage And Polyadenylation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Site

In addition to the highly conserved AATAAA sequence, there is a requirement for specific sequences downstream of polyadenylic acid [poly(A)] cleavage sites to generate correct mRNA 3' termini. Previous experiments demonstrated that 35 nucleotides downstream of the E2A poly(A) site were sufficient but 20 nucleotides were not. The construction and assay of bidirectional deletion mutants in the adenovirus E2A poly(A) site indicates that there may be redundant multiple sequence elements that affect poly(A) site usage. Sequences between the poly(A) site and 31 nucleotides downstream were not essential for efficient cleavage. Further deletion downstream (3' to +31) abolished efficient cleavage in certain constructions but not all. Between +20 and +38 the sequence T(A/G)TTTTT was duplicated. Function was retained when one copy of the sequence was present, suggesting that this sequence represents an essential element. There may also be additional sequences distal to +43 that can function. To establish common features of poly(A) sites, we also analyzed the early simian virus 40 (SV40) poly(A) site for essential sequences. An SV40 poly(A) site deletion that retained 18 nucleotides downstream of the cleavage site was fully functional while one that retained 5 nucleotides downstream was not, thus defining sequences required for cleavage. Comparison of the SV40 sequences with those from E2A did not reveal significant homologies. Nevertheless, normal cleavage and polyadenylation could be restored at the early SV40 poly(A) site by the addition of downstream sequences from the adenovirus E2A poly(A) site to the SV40 +5 mutant. The same sequences that were required in the E2A site for efficient cleavage also restored activity to the SV40 poly(A) site.

scholarly journals Development of downscaled Climate Change Scenarios for Central America. Lessons learned and next steps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Tamayo ◽  
Ernesto Rodriguez-Camino ◽  
Sara Covaleda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central America ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hydrological Services ◽  
Different Sources

<p>The intersectoral workshop held in December 2016 among the Ibero-American networks on water (CODIA), climate change (RIOCC) and meteorology (CIMHET) identified the need to dispose of downscaled climate change scenarios for Central America. Such scenarios would be developed by National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) in the region, based on a common methodology, allowing the assessment of climate change impacts on water resources and extreme hydro-meteorological events.</p><p>One final outcome of the project has been a freely accessible web viewer, installed on the Centro Clima webpage (https://centroclima.org/escenarios-cambio-climatico/), managed by CRRH-SICA, where all information generated during the project is available for consultation and data downloading by the different sectors of users.</p><p>A key element in this project has been to integrate many downscaled projections based on different methods (dynamical and statistical), totalizing 45 different projections, and aiming at estimating the uncertainty coming from different sources in the best possible way.</p><p>Another essential element has been the strong involvement of the different user sectors through national workshops, first, at the beginning of the project for the identification and definition of viewer features the project, and then for the presentation of results and planning of its use by prioritized sectors.</p><p>In a second phase of the project, a regional working group made up of experts from the NMHSs will be in charge of viewer maintenance and upgrade, including new sectoral parameters, developed in collaboration with interested users, and computation and addition of new downscaled projections from CMIP 6 in collaboration with AEMET.</p><p>Finally, following the request of CIMHET, the possibility of replicating this project for other areas of Ibero-America is being evaluated.</p>

scholarly journals The Information Technology & Communication and University Evaluation Indicators in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Antonio Cardona Rodríguez ◽  
Miren Barrenetxea Ayesta
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Ict In Education ◽  
Institutional Evaluation ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
University Evaluation ◽  
Technology And Communication ◽  
The University

Since all institutions are reaffirming the importance of Information Technology and Communication (ICT) in education, but did you have this in mind when evaluating universities, Is reflected in the indicators for evaluation In Spain, as in other neighboring countries, universities are undergoing an institutional evaluation process. The catalog of indicators is a fundamental part of the assessment process. This paper is a brief analysis of the catalog of indicators proposed by the University Coordination Council in relation to its ability to measure the incorporation of ICT in universities.

Incidence and Predictors of Difficult and Impossible Mask Ventilation

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Kheterpal ◽  
Richard Han ◽  
Kevin K. Tremper ◽  
Amy Shanks ◽  
Alan R. Tait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Mask Ventilation ◽  
Jaw Protrusion ◽  
Neck Anatomy ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mandibular Protrusion

Background Mask ventilation is an essential element of airway management that has rarely been studied as the primary outcome. The authors sought to determine the incidence and predictors of difficult and impossible mask ventilation. Methods A four-point scale to grade difficulty in performing mask ventilation (MV) is used at the authors' institution. They used a prospective, observational study to identify cases of grade 3 MV (inadequate, unstable, or requiring two providers), grade 4 MV (impossible to ventilate), and difficult intubation. Univariate and multivariate analyses of a variety of patient history and physical examination characteristics were used to establish risk factors for grade 3 and 4 MV. Results During a 24-month period, 22,660 attempts at MV were recorded. 313 cases (1.4%) of grade 3 MV, 37 cases (0.16%) of grade 4 MV, and 84 cases (0.37%) of grade 3 or 4 MV and difficult intubation were observed. Body mass index of 30 kg/m or greater, a beard, Mallampati classification III or IV, age of 57 yr or older, severely limited jaw protrusion, and snoring were identified as independent predictors for grade 3 MV. Snoring and thyromental distance of less than 6 cm were independent predictors for grade 4 MV. Limited or severely limited mandibular protrusion, abnormal neck anatomy, sleep apnea, snoring, and body mass index of 30 kg/m or greater were independent predictors of grade 3 or 4 MV and difficult intubation. Conclusions The authors observed the incidence of grade 3 MV to be 1.4%, similar to studies with the same definition of difficult MV. Presence of a beard is the only easily modifiable independent risk factor for difficult MV. The mandibular protrusion test may be an essential element of the airway examination.

Social participation in the definition of budgetary instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-755
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Felix Júnior ◽  
Wênyka Preston Leite Batista da Costa ◽  
Luciana Gondim de Almeida Guimarães ◽  
Glauber Ruan Barbosa Pereira ◽  
Walid Abbas El-Aouar
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose The participation of society is a valuable aspect of the governability of cities, for it strengthens the citizens’ collaborative component. Such participation, which is seen as social, is considered an essential element for the design of a smart city. This study aims to identify the factors that contribute to social participation in the definition of budgetary instruments’ planning. Design/methodology/approach Concerning the methodological instruments, this study is characterised by a quantitative and descriptive approach and uses a multivariate data analysis with a sample of 235 respondents. Findings The study’s findings identified a framework that portrays elements that collaborate with the social participation in the definition of the public administration’s budgetary instruments, which are considered as elements that are able to develop the role of the popular participation and are characterised by the definition of a smart city by enabling more assertiveness in society’s needs. Practical implications Identification of a framework that brings out elements that are able to develop the popular participation in the definition of budgetary instruments. Then, one scale of elements that contribute to social participation in the definition of the public administration’s budgetary instruments theoretically represented and statistically validated, thus contributing to the continuity of studies on social participation. Social implications Through studies on social participation in budgetary planning, it is possible to guarantee a better allocation of public resources through intelligent governability. Originality/value The research can bring theoretical elements about social participation in the definition of budget instruments for a statistical convergence through the perception of the sample.

scholarly journals The Historical Development and Adaptation of Open Universities in Turkish Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aras Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Open University ◽  
State University ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Turkish Higher Education ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Definition Of

Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has a long history, one marked by the emergence of open universities, which was a critical development in the ecology of openness. Open universities have taken on significant local and global roles within the framework of meeting the needs of their respective regions of influence, and as such, their roles have evolved over time. Against this background, the purpose of this research is to explore the open university phenomenon by examining the case of Anadolu University in Turkey, a mega university that has transformed into what is now a giga university. More specifically, the research first looks at openness in education and how the concept itself has led to the emergence of open universities, before turning attention to Anadolu University, which is a dual-mode, state university with around 3 million enrolled students. Other issues that are addressed as part of this research include the rise of ODL and how it positioned itself within Turkish higher education; the historical development of Anadolu University and its massiveness, in terms of student numbers and services provided; local and global ODL practices; learner profiles, learning materials and spaces; exams and assessment and evaluation processes; learner support services, and Anadolu University’s contribution, as an open university, to the field of ODL. The research shows that as an open university, Anadolu University has narrowed the information gap and digital divide, has enhanced equality of opportunity in education, and has provided lifelong learning opportunities. More importantly, as an institution that has gone beyond the conventional understanding of an open university, Anadolu University serves as a catalyst of change and innovation in its emergence as a role model for other higher education institutions. The following recommendations were able to be developed from the examinations of this study: (1) develop a definition of “openness” based on the changing paradigms of the 21st century and online learning, (2) enter into national and international collaborations between open universities, (3) adopt culturally relevant open pedagogies, (4) develop and design heutagogy-based curricula, and (5) unbundle ODL services in mega and giga universities.

scholarly journals A Contribution to the Hellenic Open University: Evaluation of the pedagogical practices and the use of ICT on distance education

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Koustourakis ◽  
Chris Panagiotakopoulos ◽  
Dimitris Vergidis
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Open University ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Program Of Study ◽  
University Evaluation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Education Delivery

This study examines a) the methods used to structure the pedagogy necessary to underpin distance education delivery used by the Hellenic Open University (HOU); b) the adoption of pedagogical and epistemological conceptual systems HOU uses for the development of its pedagogical practices; and c) the role of information and communication technology (ICT), and the degree of ICTs incorporation into distance education delivery at HOU. This study shows that: a) in terms of providing rigorous course contents, strong framing exists between HOU’s various learning modules; b) in terms of pedagogical practices, there is a strong hierarchical relationship and framing between HOU’s academic staff and tutors, while conversely, framing is weaker between its tutors and students; c) in terms of ICT usage HOU, in general, uses technology for administration, while conversely, and depending on the program of study, it currently only has limited use for student learning.

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