Electrochemical study of the corrosion rate of API steels in clay soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Quej-Ake ◽  
J. Marín-Cruz ◽  
A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ir Drop ◽  
Corrosion Susceptibility

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to study the corrosion process of API X52, X60, X65, X70 and X80 steels exposed to two clay soils collected in two states of Mexico (Tabasco and Campeche). To saturate the soils, 60 mL of deionized water was added to simulate the conditions for dry and wet season, due to in field, the climate change could modifies the physicochemical properties of the soils for each season of the year and this generate a variable environment, which affect the electrochemical responses on steel–soil interface. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion evaluation was carried out simulating the conditions of deteriorated coating (bare steel); this includes steel surface exposed to clay soil affected by seasonal fluctuations in a tropical zone. These soils were characterized, without any further treatment as were found in the field (dry season). Moreover, some samples were taken and prepared to analyze in laboratory. For each soil sample, 60 mL of deionized water was added to simulate the rainy season (saturated soils). Electrochemical evaluations were carried out after 3 h of exposure time at room temperature. Because soil is a system with high resistivity and impedance, it is necessary to carry out IR-drop compensation using two platinum rods that were used as an auxiliary electrode. In addition, the IR-drop correction obtained from the experimental potentiodynamic curves was investigated. Findings In clay from Campeche (Clay-C), the more susceptible steel to corrosion was X65, whereas in clay from Tabasco (Clay-T), the more susceptible steel to corrosion was X80 steel. Electrochemical results show that despite higher-degree steels providing higher strength and hardness, the order of corrosion susceptibility is random, which can be attributed to different microstructures in the steels. The complexity of the corrosion process on five steels was evident when steel samples were exposed to different soils. The higher corrosion rate was obtained in X65 steel (0.5 mm/year). Practical implications The paper clearly identifies any implication for the research. Originality/value The electrochemical responses of different steels exposed in two types of clay soil explained the corrosion complexity that can be attributed to changes in physicochemical properties of the soils, which are because of changes in seasons (dry and rainy) and the microstructure of each steel related to the process of fabrication. Suggesting that the increase in mechanical properties such as hardness and resistance of the pipeline steels could not be associated with its corrosion resistance, the corrosion susceptibility is more dependent on the microstructure of the steels.

Electrochemical study on the corrosion rate of X52 steel exposed to different soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Quej-Ake ◽  
A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ir Drop ◽  
X52 Steel

Purpose The purpose of this work is to study the corrosion rate of X52 pipeline steel exposed to three types of soils collected in Campeche State in México. The electrochemical evaluation for X52 steel exposed to soils ranging from saturated soil until dry conditions was carried out for a period of 21 days. Owing to its versatility to study the steel corrosion process exposed to different types of soils, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and cyclic voltammetry tests were performed. Additionally, optical and electronic microscopy observations of the steel surface were carried out. Design/methodology/approach Electrochemical cell arrangement was described elsewhere (Quej-Ake et al., 2014). Owing to soil being an electrolytic system with high resistivity and impedance, all electrodes were placed as close as possible, and iR-drop compensation was taken into account using two rods of graphite as an auxiliary electrode. In addition, the conductivity of the soil (Rs) obtained from EIS was used to correct the potential of the working electrode according to iR-drop, and an analysis of ohmic drop from the polarization curves was carried out. Findings Saturated conditions of the three soils were initially considered as the most corrosive conditions for X52 steel surface. Finally, 21 days of immersion time was taken into account as the more drastic condition. So, according to results, X52 steel exposed to beach sand was more susceptible to the corrosion process (0.092 mm/year). iR corrected was negligible at low over-potentials region in saturated soils, which is inside the linear region of Tafel or the activation region. In addition, high cathodic peak potential value obtained from cyclic voltammetry for X52 steel exposed to saturated soil may be attributed to hydrogen evolution reaction and neutral pH. Research limitations/implications The paper has implications for research. It bridges the gap between theory and practice. Originality/value Cyclic voltammetry is a really important tool for the electrochemical analysis of the pipeline steel surface exposed to saturated soils, but is not adequate for analysis of steel exposed to dried soils. In addition, the physicochemical results show that fissures, voids and extra-oxygen presence could also affect the electrochemical responses obtained for X52 steel exposed to soils.

Subsection corrosion inhibition of acidic-oxidized polymer degradant in offshore oil field

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Zhu ◽  
Liqiang Zhao ◽  
Pingli Liu ◽  
Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
N80 Steel ◽  
Offshore Oil

Purpose This paper aims to introduce a method to reduce corrosion caused by acidic-oxidized polymer degradant through subsection injection with different inhibitor. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduced a method to reduce corrosion caused by acidic-oxidized polymer degradant through subsection injection with different inhibitor. Findings The experimental results indicated that the influence of pre-corrosion status on corrosion rate and effectiveness of corrosion inhibitor are significant. The corrosion inhibitors in both injection stage inhibited the corrosion process by preventing the contact of corrosive medium and steel surface through formation of a protective film on the surface of N80 steel. The corrosion rate of polymer degradant can be reduced to 0.63 g/m 2 h through subsection injection with different inhibitor. Originality/value This result will increase the production of polymer injection plugging wells through expanding the application of acidic-oxidized polymer degradant.

scholarly journals Effect of quick lime on physicochemical properties of clay soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustapha Bessaim ◽  
Aicha Bessaim ◽  
Hanifi Missoum ◽  
Karim Bendani
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Irreparable Damage

Clay soils are known for their water sensitivity, which causes irreparable damage to any structure built on this type of soil. In order to avoid such problem, it is necessary to use various improvement and stabilization methods such as treatment with lime. This process has been used successfully in the field for decades. The addition of lime generates various physicochemical reactions within the soil such as cation exchange and pozzolanic reactions which are largely responsible for the improvement of the soil in question. This paper presents a study concerning the variation of physicochemical properties of clayey soil with the addition of quicklime at different percentages. Experiments were performed on two clayey soils (CL type) in order to investigate the influence of quicklime on Atterberg limits and pH. These tests were carried out in an attempt to study and follow the development and progression of various reactions occurred within the soil with various lime percentages. The results show that the addition of quicklime causes a significant improvement in soil properties by reducing plasticity and thereby improves the soil workability. It can also be found that the addition of lime increase pH of soil, which allow activating pozzolanic reactions who tend to stabilize the soil in question by formation of cementitious compounds. Finally, the pH can be considered as a relevant parameter who allows a better understanding of the reactions that occur in the soil matrix.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Iron-Based Materials—What Was Done and What More Can Be Done?

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3381
Author(s):  
Gabriela Gąsior ◽  
Jonasz Szczepański ◽  
Aleksandra Radtke
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Metal Stents ◽  
Biodegradable Metal ◽  
Iron Based

Iron, while attracting less attention than magnesium and zinc, is still one of the best candidates for biodegradable metal stents thanks its biocompatibility, great elastic moduli and high strength. Due to the low corrosion rate, and thus slow biodegradation, iron stents have still not been put into use. While these problems have still not been fully resolved, many studies have been published that propose different approaches to the issues. This brief overview report summarises the latest developments in the field of biodegradable iron-based stents and presents some techniques that can accelerate their biocorrosion rate. Basic data related to iron metabolism and its biocompatibility, the mechanism of the corrosion process, as well as a critical look at the rate of degradation of iron-based systems obtained by several different methods are included. All this illustrates as the title says, what was done within the topic of biodegradable iron-based materials and what more can be done.

A comparative study of the friction and wear performance of Fe-based bulk metallic glass under different conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
Dawit Zenebe Segu ◽  
Pyung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Glass ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Bulk Metallic Glass ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conventional Material

Purpose This study aims to compare the friction and wear behaviors of Fe68.3C6.9Si2.5 B6.7P8.8Cr2.2Al2.1Mo2.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) under sliding using dry, deionized water-lubricated and oil-lubricated conditions. The comparison was performed using a unidirectional ball-on-flat tribometer under different applied loads, and the results were compared to the properties of a conventional material, SUJ2. Fe-based BMG materials have recently been attracting a great deal of attention for prospective engineering applications. Design/methodology/approach As a part of the development of Fe-based BMGs that can be cost-effectively produced in large quantities, an Fe-based BMG Fe68.8C7.0Si3.5B5.0P9.6 Cr2.1Mo2.0Al2.0 with high glass forming ability was fabricated. In the present study, the friction and wear properties of Fe-based BMG has been comparatively evaluated under dry sliding, deionized water- and oil-lubricated conditions using a unidirectional ball-on-flat tribometer under different applied loads, and the results were compared to the properties of conventional material SUJ2. Findings The results show that the Fe-based BMG had better friction performance than the conventional material. Both the friction coefficient and wear mass loss increased with increasing load. The sliding wear mechanism of the BMG changed with the sliding conditions. Under dry sliding conditions, the wear scar of the Fe-based BMG was characterized by abrasive wear, plastic deformation, micro-cracks and peeling-off wear. Under water- and oil-lubricated conditions, the wear scar was mainly characterized by abrasive wear and micro-cutting. Originality/value In this investigation, the authors developed a new BMG alloy Fe68.8C7.0Si3.5B5.0P9.6Cr2.1Mo2.0Al2.0 to improve the friction and wear performance under dry sliding, deionized water- and oil- lubricated conditions.

Pitting corrosion prediction from cathodic data: application of machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nadir Boucherit ◽  
Fahd Arbaoui
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Recurrent Network ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Potential Region ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nuclear Installation

Purpose To constitute input data, the authors carried out electrochemical experiments. The authors performed voltammetric scans in a very cathodic potential region. The authors constituted an experimental table where for each experiment we note the current values recorded at a low polarization range and the pitting potential observed in the anodic region. This study aims to concern carbon steel used in a nuclear installation. The properties of the chemical solutions are close to that of the cooling fluid used in the circuit. Design/methodology/approach In a previous study, this paper demonstrated the effectiveness of machine learning in predicting the localized corrosion resistance of a material by considering as input data the physicochemical properties of its environment (Boucherit et al., 2019). With the present study, the authors improve the results by considering as input data, cathodic currents. The reason of such an approach is to have input data that integrate both the surface state of the material and the physicochemical properties of its environment. Findings The experimental table was submitted to two neural networks, namely, a recurrent network and a convolution network. The convolution network gives better pitting potential predictions. Results also prove that the prediction by observing cathodic currents is better than that obtained by considering the physicochemical properties of the solution. Originality/value The originality of the study lies in the use of cathodic currents as input data. These data contain implicit information on both the chemical environment of the material and its surface condition. This approach appears to be more efficient than considering the chemical composition of the solution as input data. The objective of this study remains, at the same time, to seek the optimal neuronal architectures and the best input data.

Evaluation of the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy with different protein concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucong Ma ◽  
Mohd Talha ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Zhonghui Li ◽  
Yuanhua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Atomic Force

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study systematically the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy with different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 5.0 g/L). Design/methodology/approach Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potential dynamic polarization tests were performed to obtain corrosion parameters. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to analyze the local electrochemical activity of the surface film. Atomic force microscope (AFM), Scanning electron microscope-Energy dispersive spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the surface morphology and chemical composition of the surface film. Findings Experimental results showed the presence of BSA in a certain concentration range (0 to 2.0 g/L) has a greater inhibitory effect on the corrosion of AZ31, however, the presence of high-concentration BSA (5.0 g/L) would sharply reduce the corrosion resistance. Originality/value When the concentration of BSA is less than 2.0 g/L, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 enhances with the concentration. The adsorption BSA layer will come into being a physical barrier to inhibit the corrosion process. However, high-concentration BSA (5.0 g/L) will chelate with dissolved metal ions (such as Mg and Ni) to form soluble complexes, which increases the roughness of the surface and accelerates the corrosion process.

Minimizing area of VLSI power distribution networks using river formation dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyabrata Dash ◽  
Sukanta Dey ◽  
Deepak Joshi ◽  
Gaurav Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ir Drop ◽  
Formation Dynamics ◽  
River Formation Dynamics

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of river formation dynamics to size the widths of power distribution network for very large-scale integration designs so that the wire area required by power rails is minimized. The area minimization problem is transformed into a single objective optimization problem subject to various design constraints, such as IR drop and electromigration constraints. Design/methodology/approach The minimization process is carried out using river formation dynamics heuristic. The random probabilistic search strategy of river formation dynamics heuristic is used to advance through stringent design requirements to minimize the wire area of an over-designed power distribution network. Findings A number of experiments are performed on several power distribution benchmarks to demonstrate the effectiveness of river formation dynamics heuristic. It is observed that the river formation dynamics heuristic outperforms other standard optimization techniques in most cases, and a power distribution network having 16 million nodes is successfully designed for optimal wire area using river formation dynamics. Originality/value Although many research works are presented in the literature to minimize wire area of power distribution network, these research works convey little idea on optimizing very large-scale power distribution networks (i.e. networks having more than four million nodes) using an automated environment. The originality in this research is the illustration of an automated environment equipped with an efficient optimization technique based on random probabilistic movement of water drops in solving very large-scale power distribution networks without sacrificing accuracy and additional computational cost. Based on the computation of river formation dynamics, the knowledge of minimum area bounded by optimum IR drop value can be of significant advantage in reduction of routable space and in system performance improvement.

scholarly journals Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linnaeus, 1753)) roots aqueous extract and some additives against Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2 - Ahead of print) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Mervat Abdel-Moneauim Mostafa El-Genaidy ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Hindy ◽  
Nehad Abdel-Hameed Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Light Mineral ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) is a destructive polyphagous pest threatening the horticultural production in Egypt. Licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linnaeus, 1753) is a plant growing in Egypt and many other countries and famous for saponins groups that have insecticidal effect against broad spectrum of insect pests. In the present study, the insecticidal effect of licorice roots aqueous extract (LRAE), petroleum oil, KZ light mineral oil 96% (EC), water and an emulsion (1/4 L LRAE + ¼ L petroleum oil + ½ L KZ light oil 96% (EC)) treatments in a ratio 1 L: 29 L water were used in Matabi® sprayer of 30 L capacity against B. zonata pupae in sandy and clay soils. In sandy and clay soils LRAE reduced B. zonata population by 74.44% and 87.55% while petroleum oil, KZ light mineral oil 96% (EC) prevented flies emergence (100% reduction). Water treatment suppressed B. zonata population by 78.61% in sandy soil but caused 100% population reduction in clay soil. The emulsion reduced B. zonata population by 96.94% in sandy soil and 100% in clay soil. The best method for application of the emulsion was to spray as one target spray technique for eight seconds that was sufficient to obtain suitable coverage on soil with spray speed 1.2 km / hour. The persistence of the emulsion that highly reduced B. zonata larval populations was 3.5 and 4.5 days in sandy and clay soils, respectively. The flies emerged from B. zonata pupae treated with the emulsion neither feed nor move naturally. The histological studies showed that these flies suffered changes in the eyes, labellum, muscles and midgut tissues that were different from the emerged control treatment flies.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Effect of Tire Powder on the Geotechnical Properties of Clay Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Akbarimehr ◽  
Esmael Aflaki
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Comprehensive Study

With respect to the increasing production of tire wastes, the use of these wastes as an additive in civil engineering has always gained attentions of researchers due to their positive effects on material properties and reduction of environmental problems. Clay soils, as problematic soils, have always caused geotechnical problems including high Atterberg limits and consequently low workability. Tire powder, as one of the products of tire wastes, lacks clay cohesion and it can be effective in altering the plasticity of clay soils. As no comprehensive study has been conducted in this regard specifically on Tehran clay soil yet, this research studies experimentally the effect of adding different percentages of tire powder to clay soil at the Atterberg limits of clay soils with two different types of plasticity. More over according to previous studies, the effect of tire powder on other geotechnical properties of clay soils and the advantages and disadvantages of using tire powder in clay soils are discussed. The results indicate that addition of tire powder to clay soils has positive effects on reducing the Atterberg limits, increasing efficiency, and improving resistance, permeability, swelling reduction, and settlement properties, and reducing soil density and it can be used as an additive in improving clay soils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document