3-Thiophenemalonic acid as corrosion inhibitor of copper

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Medrano-Solís ◽  
U. León-Silva ◽  
Maria Elena Nicho
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mixed Control ◽  
And Diffusion

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the copper protection against corrosion using 3-thiophenemalonic acid (3TMA). Design/methodology/approach The heterocyclic organic molecule was tested experimentally as a corrosion inhibitor of copper in two different concentrations (0.01 M and 0.001 M) in 0.5 M solutions of sodium chloride and sulfuric acid by AC electrochemical and DC techniques. Findings Results showed that the organic compound was adsorbed chemically on the copper surface, and the inhibitions mechanism was both anodic and cathodic. The corrosion mechanism was under mixed control: charge transfer from metal to the environment through the double electrochemical layer, and diffusion processes. Practical implications This inhibitor could have application in water cooling systems. Originality/value The results of this paper showed that 3TMA could be used for reducing corrosion rates of copper in solutions of sodium chloride and sulfuric acid.

A computational model for diffusion-reaction-deformation coupled problems and its finite element implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Qin ◽  
Yexin Zhou ◽  
Zheng Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Reaction And Diffusion

PurposeA diffusion-reaction-deformation coupled model is employed and implemented as a user-defined element (UEL) subroutine in the commercial finite element software package ABAQUS.Design/methodology/approachChemical reaction and diffusion are treated as two distinct processes by introducing the extent of reaction and the diffusion concentration as two kinds of independent variables, for which the independent governing equations for chemical reaction and diffusion processes are obtained. Furthermore, an exponential form of chemical kinetics, instead of the linearly phenomenological relation, between the reaction rate and the chemical affinity is used to describe reaction process. As a result, complex chemical reaction can be simulated, no matter it is around or away from equilibrium.FindingsTwo numerical examples are presented, one for validation of the model and another for the modeling of the deflection of a plane caused by a chemical reaction.Originality/value1. Independent governing equations for diffusion and reaction processes are given. 2. An exponential relation between the reaction rate and its driving force is employed. 3. The UEL subroutine is used to implement the finite element procedure.

Study on fine lines and undercut suppression of printed circuit board prepared by electrolytic etching

Circuit World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denglin Fu ◽  
Yanan Wen ◽  
Jida Chen ◽  
Lansi Lu ◽  
Ting Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Etching Process ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Etching Method ◽  
Electrolytic Etching

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study an electrolytic etching method to prepare fine lines on printed circuit board (PCB). And the influence of organics on the side corrosion protection of PCB fine lines during electrolytic etching is studied in detail. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the etching factor of PCB fine lines produced by new method and the traditional method was analyzed by the metallographic microscope. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the inhibition of undercut of the four organometallic corrosion inhibitors with 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, benzotriazole, l-phenylalanine and l-tryptophan in the electrolytic etching process. Findings The SEM results show that corrosion inhibitors can greatly inhibit undercut of PCB fine lines during electrolytic etching process. XPS results indicate that N and S atoms on corrosion inhibitors can form covalent bonds with copper during electrolytic etching process, which can be adsorbed on sidewall of PCB fine lines to form a dense protective film, thereby inhibiting undercut of PCB fine lines. Quantum chemical calculations show that four corrosion inhibitor molecules tend to be parallel to copper surface and adsorb on copper surface in an optimal form. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation revealed that there is a significant difference in the amount of corrosion inhibitor adsorbed on sidewall of the fine line and the etching area. Originality/value As a clean production technology, electrolytic etching method has a good development indicator for the production of high-quality fine lines in PCB industry in the future. And it is of great significance in saving resources and reducing environmental pollution.

New corrosion inhibitor for 13Cr stainless steel in 20% HCl solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Pingli Liu ◽  
Yanhua Zhu ◽  
Liqiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Mannich Reaction ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Layer Function ◽  
Corrosion Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reactions ◽  
Hcl Solution

Purpose A novel compound was synthesized by cyclohexylamine, acetophenone and cinnamaldehyde through Mannich reaction in laboratory to use as corrosion inhibitor for steel in acidification process. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion and inhibition of 13Cr stainless steel in conventional acidification solution were investigated by electrochemical measurements and soaking experiments. The corrosion appearance was observed with scanning electron microscope on the whole surface of 13Cr stainless steel in 20% HCl solution, and the protection film was confirmed on the surface in presence with inhibitor. Findings Results manifested that the inhibitor C23H27NO can effectively inhibit the corrosion reaction by forming an adsorption layer function as a barrier. Polarization curves indicated that the mixed inhibitor can reduce anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions simultaneously. The results of impedance measurements indicated that this inhibitor cannot change the corrosion mechanism of 13Cr stainless steel in 20% HCl solution. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of 13Cr stainless steel in conventional acidification solutions during oil well acidification construction process. Originality/value A novel compound was synthesized by cyclohexylamine, acetophenone and cinnamaldehyde through Mannich reaction in laboratory to use as corrosion inhibitor for steel in acidification process. The corrosion and anti-corrosion mechanism of 13Cr steel in acid solution was proposed.

Investigating learning and diffusion strategies for sustainable mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Papageorgiou ◽  
Gregoris Demetriou
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Sd Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the concepts of learning and diffusion within the context of urban development and sustainable active mobility. A model is proposed, which treats learning as a diffusion process in a dynamic way, so that key strategies and their effects are investigated over time. Specifically, the question being examined is how learning and information technology strategies can change the mindset of people to be more physically active in their mobility around a city. This is carried out by developing a system dynamics (SD) computer simulation model, where learning strategies that promote walking can be tested prior to implementation. Design/methodology/approach Based on the specific key stages of knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation and confirmation, the proposed SD model incorporates individual citizen and group level learning and diffusion processes in a unified integrated approach. The SD model gives a clear picture on how learning and changing mindsets occur in the context of a city, whereby we can explore the main drivers to learn new sustainability related habits. A case study is used to contextualize and demostrate the active mobility issue, in order to develop practical scenarios for promoting a walking mindset. This is done in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the model and show its practicality. Through the model we investigate the relationships among variables such as awareness, contact, communication and adoption and evaluate their impact on city policies to promote a walking mindset. Findings The developed SD model exhibits important dimensions, such as social learning, motivation to change behaviour and an analysis of the effects of plausible strategies for promoting sustainable active mobility. The authors have proven that through simulation experimentation, we can significantly accelerate the shaping and diffusion of a walking mindset, by influencing individual and community learning via the introduction of Information and Communication Technology in conjunction with an awareness campaign strategy. Research limitations/implications The diagrammatic representation and the quantification of the factors that contribute to active mobility give rise to better understanding of how policy makers could promote a walking culture in a city. The implications are that the proposed SD model could be used by city planning authorities as a framework for shaping mindsets towards active and sustainable mobility. Originality/value This paper contributes to the further understanding of learning, diffusion of new ideas and strategic planning within the city context. Through the proposed SD model, a number of strategies are formulated and tested using scenario planning, sensitivity analysis and optimization, in order to develop a walking mindset and an urban culture of sustainability.

Adsorption behavior of tautomeric forms of 2-aminino-5-mercato-1,3,4 – thiadizole as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Xiong ◽  
Jianlin Sun ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Xundong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Adsorption Energy ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Weight Loss Measurement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loss Measurement ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Tautomeric Forms

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the four tautomeric forms of 2-amino-5-mercatpo-1,3,4-thiadizole (AMT) absorbed on copper surface by the polar or non-polar groups. Polar group of AMT is mostly electronegative with larger N and S atoms as central atoms. 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thion (AMT-c) has the highest adsorption energy and is easy to react with copper. The interaction between AMT-c and copper conforms to chemisorption, which is to be further verified by the experiment on the weight loss measurement. Design/methodology/approach Adsorption behavior of AMT as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface in oil field was studied by weight loss measurement, and the corrosion inhibition mechanism was analyzed. Reactive sites and distributions of tautomeric forms of AMT as inhibitor on Cu(100) crystal plane were calculated by density functional theory. Findings All atoms of AMT are in the same plane, and AMT is an aromatic ring structure by large p-chain adsorbed on the metal surface by a plane configuration. AMT-c has the highest adsorption energy and also the most stable isomerized product. The determinate locations of AMT on the Cu(100) surface are the bridge and the hollow sites using molecular dynamics. Corrosion of copper can be effectively inhibited by AMT, which is a kind of excellent corrosion inhibitor, and this property is attributed to the polar groups and non-polar groups of AMT that play a role as absorption and shielding on copper surface, respectively. Inhibition efficiency is increased with the increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. The maximum efficiency of 92 per cent is obtained for 50 ppm AMT concentration at 373 K, which is attributed to the presence of extensively delocalized electrons of the phenyl rings, planarity and the presence of lone pair of electrons on N and S atoms, which favored a greater adsorption of inhibitors on copper surface. Originality/value Corrosion of copper can be effectively inhibited by AMT, which is a kind of excellent corrosion inhibitor, and this property is attributed to the polar groups and non-polar groups of AMT that play a role as absorption and shielding on copper surface, respectively. Adsorption of AMT as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface obeys Langmuir isotherm. The interaction between AMT and copper conforms to chemisorption, which is to be further verified by the experiment on the weight loss measurement.

Corrosion and inhibition of N80 steel in 5% HCl solution by SA1-3

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Zhao ◽  
Yanhua Zhu ◽  
Pingli Liu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yigang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Content Type ◽  
N80 Steel ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Hcl Solution

Purpose This paper aims to describe the corrosion behavior and possibility of inhibition by corrosion inhibitor SA1-3 in acidizing solution (5 per cent hydrochloric acid [HCl] solution). The study aims to explain the mechanism of corrosion and inhibition of N80 steel in 5 per cent HCl solution to provide theoretical basis for expanding the range of application of N80 steel in acidification process. Design/methodology/approach This paper opted for a laboratory study using simulation of acidizing solution to do the experiments. The results of experiments including weight-loss method, electrochemical method and surface analysis were used to explain the mechanism of corrosion and inhibition so as to predict the dissolution progress of N80 steel in 5 per cent HCl solution with and without inhibitor SA1-3. Findings This paper provides theoretical insights about how to inhibit the corrosion behavior of N80 steel in 5 per cent HCl solution. It suggests that the corrosion inhibitor which can form a protective film on the steel surface should be used to expand the application of N80 steel in acidizing solution. The inhibitor SA1-3 is a kind of cathodic corrosion-controlling inhibitor which mainly inhibits cathode corrosion; it cannot change the corrosion mechanism of N80 steel. Originality/value This paper provides a theoretical basis for the corrosion behavior and inhibition mechanism of N80 steel in acidizing solution.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Electrochemical, Thermodynamic, and Quantum Chemical Investigations of Amino Cadalene as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Stainless Steel Type 321 in Sulfuric Acid 1M

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Koumya ◽  
R. Idouhli ◽  
A. Oukhrib ◽  
M. Khadiri ◽  
A. Abouelfida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Steel Type ◽  
Anionic Species ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
Protonated Molecules

The corrosion of stainless steel is one of the major industries’ issues that gained wide interest among researchers. It became necessary to develop and apply eco-friendly approaches to corrosion control. This work explores the inhibitory effect of a newly synthesized amino cadalene (ACM) on the corrosion of stainless steel type 321 in sulfuric acid 1M. Particularly, the experimental study consisting of electrochemical and surface analyses was conducted in conjunction with a theoretical approach. The electrochemical results showed that ACM acted as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor and the inhibition efficiency attained 91% at 10−3M. EIS measurements revealed that both metal charge transfer and diffusion processes are involved in the interfacial metal/solution reactions. The interfacial mechanism is thoroughly investigated; the physisorption of the protonated molecules was preceded by the formation of a negative layer due to adsorption of the solution anionic species. The experimental insights are corroborated with the quantum chemical calculations.

Meridional Circulation, Turbulence, and Diffusion Processes in Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vauclair
Keyword(s):  
Convection Zone ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
First Results ◽  
Stellar Envelopes ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Turbulence And Diffusion ◽  
Hr Diagram

This paper gives the first results of a work in progress, in collaboration with G. Michaud and G. Vauclair. It is a first attempt to compute the effects of meridional circulation and turbulence on diffusion processes in stellar envelopes. Computations have been made for a 2 Mʘstar, which lies in the Am - δ Scuti region of the HR diagram.Let us recall that in Am stars diffusion cannot occur between the two outer convection zones, contrary to what was assumed by Watson (1970, 1971) and Smith (1971), since they are linked by overshooting (Latour, 1972; Toomre et al., 1975). But diffusion may occur at the bottom of the second convection zone. According to Vauclair et al. (1974), the second convection zone, due to He II ionization, disappears after a time equal to the helium diffusion time, and then diffusion may happen at the bottom of the first convection zone, so that the arguments by Watson and Smith are preserved.

NMR-Study of Structure and Diffusion Processes in Li3N

1980 ◽  
Vol 41 (C6) ◽  
pp. C6-28-C6-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Messer ◽  
H. Birli ◽  
K. Differt
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
And Diffusion

Effect of cluster-gradient architecture of nanostructured topocomposites on features of tribointeraction with heterophased material

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
D.N. Korotaev ◽  
K.N. Poleshchenko ◽  
E.N. Eremin ◽  
E.E. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
And Diffusion

The wear resistance and wear characteristics of cluster-gradient architecture (CGA) nanostructured topocomposites are studied. The specifics of tribocontact interaction under microcutting conditions is considered. The reasons for retention of high wear resistance of this class of nanostructured topocomposites are studied. The mechanisms of energy dissipation from the tribocontact zone, due to the nanogeometry and the structural-phase structure of CGA topocomposites are analyzed. The role of triboactivated deformation and diffusion processes in providing increased wear resistance of carbide-based topocomposites is shown. They are tested under the conditions of blade processing of heat-resistant titanium alloy.

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