Orange Peel Extract Mediated Silver Nanofluid as Corrosion Inhibitor for X80 Steel in Simulated Oilfield Scale Dissolver

Silver nanofluid was prepared by bio-reduction reaction between orange peels extracts (OPE) and silver nitrate and characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Colloidal nanoparticles of sizes between 40 – 50 nm and spherical shape were obtained. The nanofluid was applied as anticorrosion additive to inhibit corrosion of X80 steel in simulated oilfield scale dissolver solution (1.0 M HCl) at various temperatures. The nanofluid (OPE-AgNPs) was 98.9 % and 84.3 % efficient at 30 ºC and 60 oC respectively as determined by weight loss measurement. In comparison with OPE, OPE-AgNPs shows better corrosion inhibition and higher resistance to thermal degradation. Some kinetic and thermodynamic models were used to characterize the inhibition process. OPE-AgNPs could be optimized and used as alternative anticorrosion additive for scale dissolution liquor in the industry.

Corrosion Inhibitive Properties of 5-(4-Aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol and 5-(4-Methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol on Mild Steel in 1.0 M HCl Solution

The corrosion inhibition consequence of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (APOT) and 5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (MPOT) were accomplished by employing weight loss measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization measurement and scanning electron microscope (SEM). An impact of immersion time 12.0 h and different temperatures (298, 308 and 318 K) with solution of 1.0 M HCl, which include various concentration of inhibitor at the corrosion of mild steel were designed. Weight loss measurement showed that with enhancing the concentration of these studied inhibitors the percentage inhibition efficiency (IE%) enhances, but corrosion rate (CR) diminishes while reverse condition in case of temperatures change. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy examine pointed out that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) values enhances and consequently the double layer capacitance (Cdl) values diminishes with rising each inhibitor concentration in 1.0 M HCl and also there is a formation of adsorption coating at the metal surface. Polarization measurement showed that both APOT and MPOT perform as mixed type corrosion inhibitors. Furthermore, the adsorption behaviour on surface of mild steel for each studied inhibitor results the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Surface conduct of mild steel also designed through the SEM and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and concludes that there is evolution of inhibitive film of APOT and MPOT on the surface of mild steel.

Effects of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of ASTM A-36 Steel

The effects of different tempering temperatures and heat treatment times on the corrosion resistance of rolled ASTM A-36 steel in various concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were studied in this work, using the conventional weight loss measurement. Rolled and heat-treated specimens were placed in the acidic media for five days and for seven days in NaCl, respectively, and the corrosion rates were evaluated. The microstructure of steel before and after heat treatment was studied. Corrosion resistance revealed remarkable changes from the effect of tempering after water or oil quenching of steel. Generally, the corrosion rate increases from the effect of steel hardening. Tempering of water-quenched steel at 450Co for one hour highly improves the corrosion resistance of 0.27% carbon steel.

Corrosion and Kinetic Study of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Seeds Extract Percolated with Methanol on Aluminium Coupons in HCl

This research discusses a detail optimization of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seeds extract as corrosion inhibitor for aluminum coupons in HCl using weight loss measurement and kinetic study. The result shows that the maximum inhibitor efficiency was obtained at a concentration of 2.0 (%W/V). However the highest inhibitor efficiency of 85% was obtained at 50ºC and the least inhibitor efficiency of 29% was obtained at 30ºC. Thermodynamic consideration revealed that adsorption of inhibitor of aluminum surface was exothermic and consistent with chemical adsorption mechanism.

1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid as Inhibitor for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Acidic Media

Corrosion inhibitor is a substance added to the corrosive environment in small quantities to reduce the corrosion a metal. The addition of inhibitors will reduce the corrosion rate of the metal by retarding the corrosion process on the metal surface. Thus, this study focused on the study of the effectiveness of 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) ionic liquid as an inhibitor for corrosion protection of mild steel. Two different concentrations of [EMIM]Cl (0.05 M and 0.5 M) were tested into different concentrations of sulphuric acid (0.05M, 0.10 M, 0.15 M, 0.20 M and 0.25 M). Weight loss measurement was used to determine the effectiveness of the [EMIM]Cl as inhibitor for corrosion protection. Results showed that acid concentrations play an important role for the corrosion protection process in the presence of the inhibitor. The weight loss increases as the concentration of the acid increased. The study also revealed that the concentrations of [EMIM]Cl ionic liquid effect the performance of the inhibitor. From this study, 0.5 M of [EMIM]Cl ionic liquid shows better corrosion performance compared to 0.05 M of [EMIM]Cl. At 0.25 M of sulphuric acid, the weight loss of untreated metal increased drastically from 0.0075 g at 0.5 hour to 0.0974 g at 24 hours. After treated with 0.5 M of [EMIM]Cl, the weight loss measurement slightly increased from 0.0027 g at 0.5 hour to 0.0179 g at 24 hours. This weight loss value is lower compared to mild steel treated with 0.05 M [EMIM]Cl which is 0.0469 g at 24 hours. The performance of the inhibitor in two different type of acid was also investigated. The morphology of the untreated mild steel and mild steel treated with [EMIM]Cl was investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)

Adsorption behavior of tautomeric forms of 2-aminino-5-mercato-1,3,4 – thiadizole as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the four tautomeric forms of 2-amino-5-mercatpo-1,3,4-thiadizole (AMT) absorbed on copper surface by the polar or non-polar groups. Polar group of AMT is mostly electronegative with larger N and S atoms as central atoms. 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thion (AMT-c) has the highest adsorption energy and is easy to react with copper. The interaction between AMT-c and copper conforms to chemisorption, which is to be further verified by the experiment on the weight loss measurement. Design/methodology/approach Adsorption behavior of AMT as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface in oil field was studied by weight loss measurement, and the corrosion inhibition mechanism was analyzed. Reactive sites and distributions of tautomeric forms of AMT as inhibitor on Cu(100) crystal plane were calculated by density functional theory. Findings All atoms of AMT are in the same plane, and AMT is an aromatic ring structure by large p-chain adsorbed on the metal surface by a plane configuration. AMT-c has the highest adsorption energy and also the most stable isomerized product. The determinate locations of AMT on the Cu(100) surface are the bridge and the hollow sites using molecular dynamics. Corrosion of copper can be effectively inhibited by AMT, which is a kind of excellent corrosion inhibitor, and this property is attributed to the polar groups and non-polar groups of AMT that play a role as absorption and shielding on copper surface, respectively. Inhibition efficiency is increased with the increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. The maximum efficiency of 92 per cent is obtained for 50 ppm AMT concentration at 373 K, which is attributed to the presence of extensively delocalized electrons of the phenyl rings, planarity and the presence of lone pair of electrons on N and S atoms, which favored a greater adsorption of inhibitors on copper surface. Originality/value Corrosion of copper can be effectively inhibited by AMT, which is a kind of excellent corrosion inhibitor, and this property is attributed to the polar groups and non-polar groups of AMT that play a role as absorption and shielding on copper surface, respectively. Adsorption of AMT as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface obeys Langmuir isotherm. The interaction between AMT and copper conforms to chemisorption, which is to be further verified by the experiment on the weight loss measurement.

Recovery Of Valuable Metals In Tin-Based Anodic Slimes By Carbothermic Reaction

This study investigated the recovery of anodic slimes by carbothermic reaction in the temperature range of 973~1,273K and amount of carbon as a function of time. Tin anodic slime samples were collected from the bottom of the electrolytic cells during the electro-refining of tin. The anodic slimes are consisted of high concentrated tin, silver, copper and lead oxides. The kinetics of reduction were determined by means of the weight-loss measurement technique. In order to understand in detail of carbothermic reaction, thermodynamic calculation was carried out and compared with experiments. From thermodynamic calculation and experiment, it was confirmed that Sn-based anodic slime could be reduced by controlling temperature and amount of carbon. However, any tendency between the reduction temperature and carbon content for the reduction reaction was not observed.

Corrosion Behavior of Steel Reinforcement in Simulated Concrete Pore Solutions with Various pH and Chloride Contents

Corrosion of rebar in reinforced concrete is a major problem affecting the integrity and loading capacity of the structures. Usually concrete pore solution provides high alkaline environment to protect steel from corrosion. However, the ingress of chloride ions or carbon dioxide would reduce the alkalinity and destroy the stable oxide film which could accelerate the corrosion process of rebar. This study was aimed to evaluate the combined effect of pH and chloride contents on corrosion behavior of rebar using simulated concrete pore solutions. Weight-loss measurement were performed to obtain the corrosion rate. Meanwhile, explore the effect of carbonation and chloride contents to Half-cell potential value on mortar and concrete. Test results show that both pH and chloride content are significant factors influencing the corrosion behavior of rebar. Higher corrosion rate was found in the rebar immersed in the solutions with smaller pH and higher chloride content.

Synergistic Inhibition of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate on Carbon Steel in KCl Media

The Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition of of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate for Mild Steel in 5 % Kcl Solution at 25 °C was Investigated Using the Conventional Weight Loss Measurement Method and Potentiodynamic Polarization Method. the Obtained Results Show that Carbon Steel can be more Efficiently Protected by the Mixture of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate than Single Sodium Molybdate or Single Sodium Silicate in 5 % Kcl Solution at 25 °C. Tough the Concentrations of Single Sodium Molybdate or Single Sodium Silicate Reaches up to 1000mg/L, but their Inhibition Efficiencies are both under 74 %. however, when the Concentration of the Combined Inhibitor of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate is only 200 Mg/L its Inhibition Efficiency is still above 88 %.

N,N-Diethylammonium O,O’-Di(3-methylphenyl)dithiophosphate as Corrosion Inhibitor for Q235 Steel in HCL Solution

The corrosion inhibition of N,N-diethylammonium O,O-di (3-methylphenyl) dithio-phosphate (NDOMD) for Q235 steel in HCl solution was studied by electrochemical measurements and weight loss measurements. And the effects of temperature, HCl concentration and immersion time were also studied. Polarization curves indicate the NDOMD is a mixed-type inhibitor which anodic plays a leading role. The studies of weight loss measurement show that the inhibition efficiency was up to 94.46% at the NDOMD concentration of 100 mg·L-1 in 1.0 mol.L-1 HCl solution at 30°C. The adsorption of NDOMD on Q235 steel surface obeys the Langmuir isotherm.