Convergence and determinants of change in nutrient supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 2880-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole Ogundari ◽  
Shoichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use cross-country data to investigate whether convergence process exists in per capital nutrient supply and also identify the determinants of change in per capita nutrient supply in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design/methodology/approach – Annual time series data for 43 countries covering 1975-2009 that yields balanced panel were employed for the analysis. The convergence hypothesis is examined based on the neoclassical growth model using feasible generalized least square approach that is robust to autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence. Findings – The empirical results lend support to existence of convergence process in nutrient supply in SSA. Evidence of convergence in nutrient supply may have contributed to observed reduction in incidence of food-poverty in the region, which aligns with the argument in literature that recent Africa food security gains are due to food imports. The results of the determinants of change in nutrient supply showed that, global food trade represented by trade openness consistently increased growth in nutrient supply across countries in SSA significantly. Meanwhile, the speed of convergence of per capita nutrient supply, which measures how quickly growth in nutrient supply increases over time is very low, as this calls for urgent policy attention in the region. Originality/value – The very first study to investigate convergence in food consumption and nutritional supply in SSA.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ITS EFFECT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA (1986-2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
S.A YUSUFF ◽  
TAIWO ADEKANYE ◽  
O.A BABALOLA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose: International trade is believed to contribute significantly to the growth of an economy. In order to examine the contribution of international trade to the growth of the Nigerian economy, time series data was collected between 1986 and 2017 to investigate the trends of trade openness, investment, and expenditure on education and GDP per capita in Nigeria within the study period. It also examined the effect of trade openness on economic growth in Nigeria. Methodology: Annual secondary data was used for the study. Data on GDP per capita, trade openness, investment and expenditure on education were sourced from World Development Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin.  The study employed The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) methods to investigate the effects of trade openness on economic growth in Nigeria. Findings: Results showed that international trade is inversely related to GDP per capita within the study period however, the result is insignificant. Recommendation: The study recommended that government should adopt essential trade oriented policy to enhance economic growth via high exports in order to accumulate more foreign earnings to boost output growth in the country

scholarly journals Islamic Finance and Economic Growth Nexus: An Econometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Kashif Raza ◽  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Rehman Shah ◽  
Muhammad Umar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation

Researchers have written chain of research papers about the dynamics of financial development and economic growth. The financial capital plays a productive role when it delivers to economic agents who are facing shortage or excess of funds.  This study explores the linkages among Islamic financing and economic growth for Pakistan, by using annual time series data from 2005-2018. Islamic banks’ financing funds used as a proxy of Islamic financing, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), labor force (LF),Broad money(M) and Trade openness (TO) to presents real sector of an economy. For the exploration, the unit root test, Ordinary least square technique and Granger causality test are applied. The results validate a substantial causal relationship of Islamic financing and GDP, which supports the Schumpeter’s supply-leading view. The results indicate that Islamic finance contributed towards economic growth.  

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERMINTAAN TELUR DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN (Analysis of Egg Demand in Sleman District)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Ani Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Per Capita

The objectives of this research are to determine factors affecting egg demand during the period of 1991 to 2007, and to examine the prospect of egg as inferior, normal or superior commodity in Sleman District. The research location is determined purposively. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis with time series data (1991-2007). This study uses demand function approach by applying multiple regression model estimated using OLS (ordinary least square).The result of estimation shows that the partial demand of egg in Sleman District is caused by the price of fish, rice, population, income per capita and economical crisis. The elasticity of egg demand toward price elasticity is inelastic in the scale of 0.59. Egg in this district is categorized as a normal goo. This conclusion is based on finding that income per capita is positively correlated toward egg demand with the coefficient of regressionof 0.36. Egg consumption at Sleman district from time to time tends to increase coinciding with the growth of income per capita.Key words : Demand, Egg, Elasticity, Forecasting, Normal Good. 

Does trade openness affects global carbon dioxide emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Arshad Ansari ◽  
Salman Haider ◽  
N.A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of economic growth, international trade and energy consumption on the global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, in the case of top CO2 emitters, namely, USA, Japan, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UK, Australia, Italy, France and Spain using the annual data from 1971 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the time series, data technique is applied. Unit root test with structural break and the bounds testing approach for cointegration in the presence of structural break is tested. Finally, a vector error correction model for the Granger causality test is applied to detect the direction of causality. The authors have used the techniques that will help in examining the structural break in the time series data. Findings The results reveal that their exists a long-run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants in the USA, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the UK, Australia, Italy, France and Spain, energy consumption is the main determinant of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the long run and for direction of causality, the authors found bidirectional causality in the long run between energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the USA, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UK, and Granger causality running in opposite direction in the case of Australia from CO2 emissions to energy consumption was analyzed. In terms of growth-trade-pollution nexus (USA, Canada, Iran and France) hold one-way causality running from economic growth and trade openness to CO2 emissions (IV) the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is validated only for the USA. Robust policy implications can be derived from this study. First, without harming the economy, these countries can reduce the use of energy consumption for lower pollution. Second, the amount of trade should be decreased to lower the emissions because the authors find that an increase in trade does Granger cause to CO2 emissions in the long run. Originality/value There has been no study that investigated the relationship between CO2 emissions, real income, consumption of energy and international trade in the environmental Kuznets relation for the top CO2 emitter’s countries over the period of 1971–2013. The authors did a comparative study of the empirical finding among these nations.

REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN MANUFACTURES BETWEEN THAILAND AND OTHER APEC COUNTRIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUJINDA CHEMSRIPONG ◽  
FRANK W. AGBOLA ◽  
JULIE E. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Standard International Trade Classification ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of regional integration on intra-industry trade in manufactures between Thailand and other APEC countries. The study uses pooled cross-sectional and time-series data spanning the period 1980–1999 at a 3-digit Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) level. After accounting for trade imbalance and following Thailand's entry into APEC, intra-industry trade in manufactures between Thailand and countries in Oceania and America decreased, while trade with other Asian countries grew marginally. Results indicate that, in the post APEC era, trade openness stimulated increased intra-industry trade levels with countries in Northeast and Southeast Asia, but decreased trade with countries in America.

Determinants of environmental degradation in Saudi Arabia: exploring the unexplored

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Arshad Hayat ◽  
Umar Burki
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Purpose Environmental degradation is recognized as a serious problem globally, and hence, Saudi Arabia is no exception. This paper aims to focus on the economy of Saudi Arabia to identify the determinants of environmental degradation. Design/methodology/approach Time series data spanning from 1971 to 2014 is used and analyzed using the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach. Findings The obtained results reflected that natural resources, per person income and urbanization, have impacted environmental degradation both positively and significantly in the long run. Similarly, an insignificant negative relationship is established between trade openness and environmental degradation. Moreover, energy consumption has positively but insignificantly affected environmental degradation. In the short run, only per capita income has positively influenced environmental degradation while the rest of the variables have lost either significance levels or their direction of relationship has reversed. Originality/value As this is a pioneering study on the economy of Saudi Arabia, therefore, the authors assume that policymakers will find the findings of the current study very useful while formulating and implementing policies to control environmental degradation.

An econometric study of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth of Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matloub Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Javaid ◽  
Paul R. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among environmental pollution, economic growth and energy consumption per capita in the case of Pakistan. The per capital carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is used as the environmental indicator, the commercial energy use per capita as the energy consumption indicator, and the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as the economic indicator.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation is made on the basis of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), using time series data from 1971 to 2006, by applying different econometric tools like ADF Unit Root Johansen Co‐integration VECM and Granger causality tests.FindingsThe Granger causality test shows that there is a long term relationship between these three indicators, with bidirectional causality between per capita CO2 emission and per capita energy consumption. A monotonically increasing curve between GDP and CO2 emission has been found for the sample period, rejecting the EKC relationship, implying that as per capita GDP increases a linear increase will be observed in per capita CO2 emission.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should replace the economic growth variable, i.e. GDP by industrial growth variable because industrial sector is major contributor of pollution by emitting CO2.Practical implicationsThe empirical findings will help the policy makers of Pakistan in understanding the severity of the CO2 emissions issue and in developing new standards and monitoring networks for reducing CO2 emissions.Originality/valueEnergy consumption is the major cause of environmental pollution in Pakistan but no substantial work has been done in this regard with reference to Pakistan.

scholarly journals Integrated Model to Measure the Impact of Terrorism and Political Stability on FDI Inflows: Empirical Study of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundas Rauf ◽  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
Aisha Rauf ◽  
Shafaqat Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

<p>To condense saving-investment gap, transformation of technology, creation of employment opportunities and more importantly, increasing economic development of host countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is proven to be a significant source of investment predominantly for developing countries. Numerous standing studies have scrutinized the economic impact of terrorism and political stability by referring to decrease in FDI. This study empirically enlightens the determinants of FDI for Pakistan over the period 1970 to 2013, by using annual secondary time series data. Adopting the optimistic approach, in this study, variables in the combination of terrorism, political stability, trade openness and GDP have been analyzed applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. As expected, the projected results confirm that GDP, trade openness and political stability have positive and significant impact whilst terrorism has negative influence on FDI inflows in Pakistan. Because of the political stability along with stable GDP growth rate, inverse impact of terrorism has been found statistically insignificant.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of financial structure on profitability of firms: a cross-sectional industry analysis of Nigerian quoted firms

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-427
Author(s):  
Ogbuagu Onu Ekumankama
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Groups

This study empirically examines the impact of financial structure decision on the profitability of Nigerian quoted firms. Cross-sectional time series data of 72 Nigerian quoted firms were collated and analysed. Two hypotheses were proposed for the study, while the ordinary least square (OLS), fixed-effects (FE) and the gerneralised least square (GLS) regression were used on pooled and panel data to estimate the relationship between financial leverage and the different measures of profitability in Nigeria quoted firms. In determining the extent of the influence of leverage on the dependent variables, most of the industrial groups showed evidence of sizable positive influence of leverage on profitability and earnings yield. This was significant and robust with all the measures of leverage.

scholarly journals Challenges of Manufacturing Sub-Sector to Compete in Foreign Markets: The Nigerian Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Ewah ◽  
Monica P. Lebo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Current Account Balance ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
The Right

This research is an empirical work that focused on the challenges bedeviling the manufacturing sub-sector ability to produce products that can compete with other brands in foreign markets. The data for the study were generated from central bank of Nigeria (CBN) and world bank development indicator (WBDI) of various years. The ordinary least square (OLS) econometric technique was used on time series data of important variables of manufacturing output, trade openness and current account balance. To guide the study it was hypothesized that institutional framework and government policy towards trade liberation encourages investment overtures. The findings of the study showed that trade openness and financial support significantly influence the performance of manufacturing sub-sector to produce goods for foreign markets even though the contribution of the Nigeria manufacturing sector is quite negligible. In conclusion the study recommended that the right investment induced policies and programmes should be put in place in order to ginger investment interest and supply both domestic and foreign markets with products that compete with other brands in the global markets.

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