scholarly journals The role of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages in the food budget: change across birth cohorts and between socio-economic groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (13) ◽  
pp. 142-161
Author(s):  
Antti Kähäri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Expenditure Share ◽  
Food Expenditure

PurposeThis study investigates how the consumption of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages has changed across birth cohorts. In addition, this study examines how the socio-economic gaps in the consumption of said products have evolved across birth cohorts.Design/methodology/approachThe research data are drawn from the Finnish household expenditure surveys covering the period 1985–2016 (n = 44,286). An age-period-cohort methodology is utilised through the age-period-cohort-trended lag model. The model assumes that the linear long-term component of change is caused by generations replacing one-another, and that the age effect is similar across cohorts.FindingsSugar products and non-alcoholic beverages occupied a larger portion of more recent birth cohorts' food baskets. Cohort differences were larger in beverage consumption. Lower income was associated with a higher food expenditure share of sugar products in several cohorts. A higher education level was linked to a higher food expenditure share of sugar products in more cohorts than a lower education level. In cohorts born before the 1950s, non-alcoholic beverages occupied a larger portion of the food baskets of the high socio-economic status groups. This gap reversed over time, leading to larger food expenditure shares of non-alcoholic beverages in low socio-economic status groups.Originality/valueThis study assessed how the consumption of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages has changed across birth cohorts. In addition, this study assessed how socio-economic differences in the consumption of said products have changed. The results highlight that sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages occupy larger portions of more recent birth cohorts’ food baskets. The results also highlight a reversal of socioeconomic differences in non-alcoholic beverage consumption.

Family socio-economic status and young children's outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Donkin ◽  
Jillian Roberts ◽  
Alison Tedstone ◽  
Michael Marmot
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Social And Emotional Skills ◽  
The Social

Purpose – This paper was written as part of a suite to inform the Big Lottery Better Start programme and as such has focused on the outcomes that are of interest to that programme. The authors have also focused on outcomes for younger children and the zero to three years age group where data are available. There is a social gradient such that the lower a family's socio-economic status (SES) the greater the likelihood that they have children who are obese, have impaired social and emotional skills, or have impaired language acquisition. These statistics are clear and undisputed. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the reasons for the social gradient in these outcomes. The paper provides some suggestions for actions that might be taken to redress the inequalities. It follows broader work presented in, for example, the Marmot (2010) review, Fair Society Healthy Lives. Design/methodology/approach – Rapid review of the literature building on the work of the Marmot (2010) review. Findings – Poor SES is linked with increased stress and a higher likelihood of being unable to afford to live a healthy life. These factors can have a negative impact on children's outcomes. The paper presents some examples of what can be done. Originality/value – This should be a useful paper for local authorities trying to reduce inequalities and improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Survey on Females' Constraints in Physical Recreation Participation

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Pui Yee CHEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Physical Recreation ◽  
Recreation Participation ◽  
Perceived Constraints ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Female of all age groups and socio-economic status do face a number of constraints in pursuing physical recreation activity. The present paper aimed to study the constraints of female's physical recreation participation, and the relationship of perceived constraints and the level of participation between different occupation status, education level, and marital status. Two hundred and eight females aged 18 to 60 were invited to fill in the Physical Recreation Participation Questionnaire (PRPQ) to identify their perceived constraints and level of physical recreation participation. Results indicated that there were certain constraints factors, such as psychological constraints, accessibility constraints and time constraints, more related to the constriction in female physical recreation participation. When analyzing the constraint dimensions with different status towards participation frequency, the result was not necessary negatively related. Only housewives and middle education level women with lower perceived constraints demonstrated higher physical recreation participation than their counterparts.在參與康樂性質的體能活動時，無論年紀多大或有何種社會地位，女性均會面對不同的參與阻礙，本研究旨在了解其中的參與阻礙與女性的職業、敎育水平及婚姻狀況的關係。208位女士被邀請填寫「參舆體育康樂活動問卷」(PAPQ)。結果顯示心理因素、場地因素及時間因素為主要的參與阻礙；但是，參與阻礙與參與頻率並沒有呈反相關。另外，經常參與活動的家庭主婦及中等程度學歷的女士均面對較低的參與阻礙。

Allowing wine and strong beer in grocery stores: the tale of Tennessee

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maisch ◽  
Mihai Nica ◽  
Jeremy David Oller
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Excise Taxes

Purpose This study aims to examine whether the introduction of wine or regular strength beer (B) sales in Tennessee grocery stores significantly increased the number of alcoholic beverages (AB) consumed or excise taxes collected in the state. Design/methodology/approach This study uses both a time series and a model-based approach to assess if a significant change in alcoholic beverage excise tax collections occurred after the natural experiment. The study evaluates monthly tax collections from B, mixed drinks and AB between January 1968 and September 2018 published by the Tennessee Department of Revenue. Findings The findings suggest that neither alcoholic beverage consumption nor excise taxes collected increased substantially in Tennessee as a result of the introduction of wine and regular strength B in grocery stores. It is likely, however, that some changes inside the industry were significant. Originality/value This study assists policymakers and analysts in determining whether allowing the sale of wine and regular strength B in grocery stores will have a substantial impact on the total amount of AB consumed or excise taxes collected by the jurisdiction.

Beyond the crime-terror nexus: socio-economic status, violent crimes and terrorism

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Ljujic ◽  
Jan Willem van Prooijen ◽  
Frank Weerman
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Purpose The literature on terrorism suggests a strong link between criminal offending and terrorism – the crime-terror nexus. Building upon a strain theory perspective, the purpose of this paper is to suggest that devalued socio-economic status (i.e. limited education and unemployment) and criminal past define the pool of people from which violent and terror offenders may be recruited. Design/methodology/approach The current study compares three sources of data on educational and employment characteristics of violent and terror offenders: Dutch statistical data (CBS) including the Police Recognition System (HKS) on violent criminals, the findings on jihadist networks and the open access on European terrorists. Findings The majority of Dutch violent offenders, foreign fighters and European terrorists have only completed secondary school (or lower) and were unemployed in the year of offending. Half of recent European terrorists had previously been involved in violent crimes and/or had joined jihadi groups abroad. Research limitations/implications One limitation of the study concerns the exploratory use of secondary and open-access data. While it was impossible to establish causality with the current methodology, these findings highlight the background conditions under which violent and terrorist crime can originate, and suggest one of the mechanisms that shapes the crime-terror nexus. Future research would benefit from more work identifying the causal antecedents to terrorism. Practical implications Whether relative deprivation is a direct cause or merely an amplifying factor in criminal motivation needs to be scrutinized in future research. However, its consideration may have great implications for policy and law enforcement agencies. Social implications An individual’s desire to improve status and personal significance by the virtue of illegal activity may be particularly salient in the context of cultural polarization, which manifests as decreased trust and loyalty toward national laws and institutions. Parallel to preventive and security measures, it may be worthwhile to encourage multicultural associations and community networks in support of mutual (interethnic and interreligious) understanding. Originality/value The paper explores one of the oldest factors that has been suspected of leading to terrorism in lack of economic or educational opportunity. However, the paper also offers a new perspective on how these factors may relate to participation in terrorism. Rather than claiming these factors directly cause terrorism, the authors take a strain theory perspective to argue that these strains induce fewer opportunities to engage in terrorism and provide individuals with the skills/strength to resist de-radicalization or counter-radicalization.

scholarly journals Trajectories of middle-aged and elderly people’s chronic diseases Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs): cohort, socio-economic status and gender disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangming Zhang ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Peigang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Life Years ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background The accelerated aging trend brought great chronic diseases burdens. Disabled Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) is a novel way to measure the chronic diseases burden. This study aimed to explore the cohort, socioeconomic status (SES), and gender disparities of the DALYs trajectories. Methods A total of 15,062 participants (55,740 observations) comes from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2018. Mixed growth curve model was adopted to predict the DALYS trajectories in 45–90 years old people influenced by different birth cohorts and SES. Results We find significant cohort, SES (resident place, education level and income) disparities differences in the chronic diseases DALYs. For individuals of earlier cohort, DALYs are developed in a late age but grow fast with age but reversed for most recent cohorts. Living in urban, having higher SES level will decrease the growth rate with age, but converges for most recent cohorts. Meanwhile, DALYs disparities of resident place and education level show gender differentials that those for female are narrowed across cohort but for male are not. Conclusions The cohort effects on chronic diseases DALYs are accumulated with China’s unique social, and political settings. There are large inequalities in early experiences, SES and DALYs. Efforts of reducing these inequalities must focus on the lower SES individuals and those living in rural areas, which greatly benefit individuals from recent cohorts.

scholarly journals The Socio-economic Status of Horse Owners in Rural Areas of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M P Alam ◽  
M S A Bhuiyan ◽  
A K F H Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
One To One ◽  
Horse Owners

A study was conducted for a period of 60 days to understand the socio-economic status of the horse keepers and explore the opportunity of Indigenous horse rearing in 22 villages of Mymensingh, Tangail, Sherpur and Jamalpur districts in Bangladesh. A total of 200 horse keeping households were surveyed through one-to-one interview. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information. Farmer exercised traditional knowledge on horse rearing that was used mainly for pulling cart, transportation, land tillage and sports purposes for their livelihood. Most of the horse keepers were experienced in horse rearing for 0.2 to 40 years. Among the horse keepers 54%  were landless followed by marginal (22.5%), small (12.5%),  medium (8%) and large (3%).Their main occupation was horse pulling cart (88%) and the income from horse pulling cart was different from season to season which ranged from TK 3,000 to TK 20,000  per month. In case of secondary occupation, 81.5% farmers were involved in agriculture sector and 9% farmers involved in horse pulling cart. The horse keepers were mostly illiterate (84.7%),   where the highest education level was S.S.C (1%).  This study revealed valuable information which would help in designing proper policy and plan for the improvement of horse genetic resources and their keepers in Bangladesh.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 46-52

Effects of the dimensions of ethnocentrism on consumer ethnocentrism

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Bizumic
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Six Dimensions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate, theoretically and empirically, the role of the six dimensions of reconceptualized ethnocentrism in consumer ethnocentrism. The paper investigates both direct and indirect effects of the six dimensions on consumer ethnocentrism, through four theoretically meaningful mediators: nationalism, ethnic ingroup positivity, national ingroup positivity and prejudice against foreigners. Design/methodology/approach This study has used primary data collected from 304 US citizens through online surveys, including measures of demographics, ethnocentrism, consumer ethnocentrism, nationalism and attitudes toward ethnic ingroups, national ingroups and foreigners. Correlational, sequential multiple regression and parallel multiple mediation analyses were conducted to investigate effects of the dimensions of ethnocentrism on consumer ethnocentrism. Findings Regression and mediation analyses, covarying age, education, gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status, showed that ethnocentric purity had a direct effect on consumer ethnocentrism, whereas ethnocentric devotion and exploitativeness had indirect effects, entirely mediated by nationalism. There were no significant effects of the other dimensions of ethnocentrism, ethnic ingroup positivity, national ingroup positivity or prejudice against foreigners. In addition, two demographic variables (white/Anglo Americans and lower socio-economic status) had a direct effect on consumer ethnocentrism, whereas three other variables (gender, education and age) did not. Originality/value This study is first to explore how the dimensions of ethnocentrism relate to consumer ethnocentrism. Although consumer ethnocentrism has often been linked to ethnocentrism, the relationship has never been explicitly studied. Ethnocentrism, defined as ethnic group self-centeredness and self-importance, in which the main role is to ensure ethnic group strength and survival, plays a substantial but mainly indirect role via nationalism in consumer ethnocentrism. This study shows that both direct and indirect processes concerned with ethnic groups play a substantial role in the development of consumer ethnocentrism. Implications of the findings for consumer ethnocentrism and global consumer culture are discussed.

Users and non-users of counterfeits: motivations, emotional outcomes and neutralization processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-746
Author(s):  
Şahver Omeraki Çekirdekci ◽  
Fatma Ozge Baruonu Latif
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Purpose This paper aims to examine how socio-economic status (SES) shapes consumers’ purchase behavior of genuine brands and counterfeits. It also forms a typology based on the decision-making processes of these two groups by exploring neutralization processes and emotional outcomes related to their behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Data are collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 42 users and non-users of counterfeits from different SES groups. Findings This paper develops a consumer typology based on the customer behavior of counterfeit and genuine brand users, as well as emotional outcomes and neutralization strategies used to justify their actions according to their SES group. These categories are defined as the black chameleons, the counterfeit owners, the genuine brand owners and the authenticity seekers. Originality/value This paper contributes to the counterfeit literature by examining the consumption practices of each SES group of users and non-users of counterfeits by focusing on motivations, emotional outcomes and neutralization processes. The study shows how consumers’ end consumption practices and their SES group explains the mix findings on the counterfeit literature.

scholarly journals On the Relationship of Socio-Economic Status and Risk Factors for Alcoholic Liver Disease in North China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Qiling Yin ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Cuiqin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Socio Economic Status

BACKGROUND: The present article analyses the association between socioeconomic status (includes education, occupation, income and marriage) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) risk factors (age, gender, obesity, quantity and duration of alcohol intake, alcoholic beverages, drinking patterns) in Taishan area of Shandong province, to provide scientific basis for the prevention of alcoholic liver disease for the people who mostly need it in north China.METHODS: Across-sectional survey of  over 18--year-old inhabitants in Shandong Province in 2011 used multistage, randomized clustered sampling to identify 8186 subjects; 7295 (89.12%) of them were interviewed. Questionnaires, designed by co-working of epidemiologists and hepatologists, included demographic characteristics, current medication use, medical history and health-relevant behaviors, i.e. alcohol consumption, dietary habits and physical activities. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. The sample was determined by Chi-square test, covariance analysis and logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Because of the small number of female drinkers, alcoholic liver disease prevalence of female was obviously lower than that of male, the very study of the male drinkers is more meaningful and can be represent the whole drinkers group to some extent. Among the four socio-economic status (SES) indicators the marriage status seemed to be the most influential factor. People (men or women) without spouse had higher risk of alcoholic liver disease risk factors than those who had spouse. The risk of people who have different occupation is different. The higher education was associated with risk of ALD.CONCLUSION: Marriage status seemed to be the most important measure of the socioeconomic indicators in relation to the alcoholic liver disease risk factors in the study of population. There is obvious relation between occupation status and alcoholic liver disease risk factors in men. The lower occupation had higher alcoholic liver disease risk factors. People with higher income and education had higher levels of drinking risk factors and lower level of obesity risk factors.

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