Patternmaking for middle-aged women's swimsuit applying 3D scan pattern development

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-759
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Han ◽  
Hyunsook Han ◽  
Taehoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aged Woman ◽  
Pattern Development ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Scan Pattern

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose the swimsuit patternmaking method suitable for the body shapes of middle-aged women and to propose the swimsuit pattern development procedures that enable automated swimsuit patternmaking.Design/methodology/approachTo propose the patternmaking method of the swimsuit, which is suitable for the body shape of middle-aged women, the swimsuit patterns were developed in three stages in this study. The measurements of the middle-aged woman body model were compared with the size of the developed pattern in each stage, and the optimal stretch rate of the fabric was defined. In total, 22 items were used for size analysis of developed patterns in each stage.FindingsThe swimsuit patternmaking method proposed in this study was derived by considering the body shapes of middle-aged women, desired design and fabric characteristics. Also, a series of processes, including obtaining a raw pattern from the surface of the three-dimensional (3D) human body, designing patterns by the expert, evaluating patterns, drafting the final pattern and the final patternmaking method, was presented.Practical implicationsThis study has great significance to provide a manual of swimsuit patternmaking for middle-aged women, which has high tightness and movement compatibility.Originality/valueThe swimsuit patternmaking method proposed in this study is relatively simple because it is based on the human body measurements and delivers the lines and the calculated values clearly and objectively rather than the patterner's intuition does so that it is suitable for the automation of the swimsuit patternmaking for the middle-aged women.

Classification of body shape characteristics of women's torsos using angles

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wookyung Lee ◽  
Haruki Imaoka
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Shape Characteristics

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to classify body shapes using angular defects instead of sizes.Design/methodology/approachA large amount of dimensional data from a national anthropometry survey was analysed, and a basic pattern and its polyhedron were also used to create a three‐dimensional body shape from three body sizes. Using this method, the sizes were converted into nine angular defects.FindingsThe authors could define the factors explaining body shape characteristics and classify the body shapes into four groups. The four groups could be characterised by two pattern making difficulties of the upper and lower parts of the body as well as by two proportions, of waist girth to bust girth and bust girth to back length. Furthermore, depending on the age, the authors could understand body shape by the angle made.Originality/valueUsing a polyhedron model, the angles could be calculated using an enormous existing data set of sizes. An angular defect serves as an index to indicate the degree of difficulty for developing a flat pattern. If an angular defect of the bust is large, it is difficult to make a paper pattern of a bust dart. On the other hand, if an angular defect of the waist is large, it is easy to make a paper pattern of a waist dart. Thus, each body shape could be simultaneously characterized by two difficulty indices and two proportions of sizes.

Automatic recognition and 3D modeling of the neck-shoulder human shape based on 2D images

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Bingfei Gu
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Automatic Recognition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Classification Rules ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cloud Data

PurposeThis study focused on how to realize automatic recognition of young women's neck-shoulder shape based on the front and side images.Design/methodology/approachThe reverse engineering software was used to measure the body sizes of the neck-shoulder part based on the young women's three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data, and the important parameters closely related to the neck-shoulder shape were determined. The neck-shoulder shape of the subjects was classified to establish the classification rules. Then, based on the front and side images, the human body contour was extracted by Matlab, and the data required for neck-shoulder shape classification were obtained by identifying the feature points.FindingsThrough the cluster analysis based on the shoulder angle, back angle, shoulder depth/width ratio and armpit depth/width ratio, young women's neck-shoulder shape was divided into four categories, namely round wide shoulder, flat narrow shoulder, round drop shoulder and hunchback flat shoulder. The neck-shoulder shape could be automatically recognized based on the established classification rules and two-dimensional (2D) body measurement method, with an accuracy rate of 90%. The neck-shoulder shape automatic recognition system constructed based on this method is effective.Originality/valueThis study proposed a simple neck-shoulder automatic recognition method based on the 2D body images. This approach can be extended to other group of human body or other parts of the body.

scholarly journals Inside Humans: Creating a Simple Layered Anatomical Model from Human Surface Scans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Komaritzan ◽  
Stephan Wenninger ◽  
Mario Botsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Computer Animation ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Surface Scan ◽  
Morphable Models ◽  
Muscle Models

3D morphable models are widely used to describe the variation of human body shapes. However, these models typically focus on the surface of the human body, since the acquisition of the volumetric interior would require prohibitive medical imaging. In this paper we present a novel approach for creating a volumetric body template and for fitting this template to the surface scan of a person in a just a few seconds. The body model is composed of three surface layers for bones, muscles, and skin, which enclose the volumetric muscle and fat tissue in between them. Our approach includes a data-driven method for estimating the amount of muscle mass and fat mass from a surface scan, which provides more accurate fits to the variety of human body shapes compared to previous approaches. We also show how to efficiently embed fine-scale anatomical details, such as high resolution skeleton and muscle models, into the layered fit of a person. Our model can be used for physical simulation, statistical analysis, and anatomical visualization in computer animation and medical applications, which we demonstrate on several examples.

A three-dimensional shoulder protector based on ergonomics for workers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran-i Eom ◽  
Yejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Work Posture ◽  
Dimensional Printing

PurposeThe use of shoulder protectors is strongly recommended when carrying objects on the shoulder to ensure the health and safety of workers. Thus, this study aimed to develop and verify an ergonomic shoulder protector that considers human body shape and carrying posture from an ergonomic perspective. Ultimately, this study will present a shoulder protector with enhanced fit and safety for carrying workers at construction sites.Design/methodology/approachThe shoulder protector was designed and printed using three-dimensional printing technology with variable side neck points and shoulder point heights to reflect the human body's shoulder line shape and to position the carried object stably on the shoulder. The developed shoulder protectors were evaluated in terms of their fit according to the work posture of the carrier, adherence upon motion and durability through structural analysis.FindingsThe design of the shoulder protector for carrying workers followed the shoulder line. It is best placed above the side neck point by 1.0 cm and above the shoulder point by 2.0 cm. Its length is slightly shorter than the human shoulder for superior fit and safety.Originality/valueThe final shoulder protector (FSP) for carrying workers reflects the body curvature while enhancing fit and safety by considering activity and protective factors. As functional studies and evaluations on the need for protectors are scarce, this study provides fundamental data in the evaluation of protective gears.

Body shapes and apparel fit for overweight and obese women in the US: the implications of current sizing system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eonyou Shin ◽  
Elahe Saeidi
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sizing System ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Apparel Fit

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to categorize the whole body shapes of overweight and obese females in the US and examine apparel fit based on the current ASTM sizing standards related to the body shapes categorized.Design/methodology/approachBody scan data from 2,672 subjects were used. To categorize their whole body shapes using 97 body measurements, principal component analysis with varimax rotation, a hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means cluster analysis were used. To compare the ASTM sizing standards for plus sizes (curvy and straight) and missy sizes (curvy and straight), five body parts (bust, under bust, waist, top hip, hip) using the formula for fit tolerance (measurement plus half of the interval) were compared with the ASTM sizing standards to determine the size appropriate for each body part.FindingsFive whole body shapes among overweight and obese females in the US were categorized: Rectangle-curvy; parallelogram-moderately curvy; parallelogram-hip tilt; inverted trapezoid-moderately curvy and inverted trapezoid-hip tilt. When the body measurements in each body shape were compared with the current ASTM sizing systems for both misses and plus sizes, four-fifths or more of overweight and obese female adults in the US would find it difficult to obtain a perfect fit for both tops and bottoms.Originality/valueIdentifying whole body shapes among overweight and obese women in the US contributes significantly, as it will help apparel companies that target the markets of larger women develop a new sizing system. This study is the first attempt to analyze fit by comparing the ASTM sizing charts with body measurements in each body shape group. Further, the study contributes to the body-related literature by filling gaps in missing whole BS categories among overweight and obese females.

Reanimating the Body in Conceptual Metaphor Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-46
Author(s):  
Elisabeth El Refaie
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Semiotics ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Body Shapes

This chapter critically reviews the traditional notion of embodiment in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), arguing that it is characterized by a somewhat inflexible view of the way the human body shapes one’s thinking. Probing more recent developments in CMT, including dynamic systems approaches and cross-cultural studies of metaphor, and confronting these with key theories from phenomenology, psychology, social semiotics, and media theory, the original notion of dynamic embodiment is developed. Accordingly, the degree to which people draw on their own bodies when producing and interpreting metaphors depends not only on the cultural practices and the specific actions in which they are engaged at any given moment, but also on the degree to which they are consciously aware of their physicality, as well as the affordances of the modes and media they are using to communicate.

Investigation into effects of cooling rate on properties of polyamide 12 parts in the multi jet fusion process

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1789-1795
Author(s):  
Mattia Mele ◽  
Giampaolo Campana ◽  
Gregorio Pisaneschi ◽  
Gian Luca Monti
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polyamide 12 ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Cooling Phase ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Building

Purpose Multi jet fusion is an industrial additive manufacturing technology characterised by high building speed and considerable properties of the parts. The cooling phase represents a crucial step to determine productivity, since it can take up to 4.5 times the building time. The purpose of this paper is to investigate into effects of cooling rate on parts manufactured by multi jet fusion. Crystallinity, density, distortions and mechanical properties of specimens produced through an HP multi jet fusion 4200 are examined. Design/methodology/approach An experimental activity is carried out on specimens cooled down at three different rates. Properties of the parts are analysed by means of differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, three-dimensional scanning and tensile testing. Originality/value The present work makes a contribution to the body of knowledge providing correlations between the cooling phase of multi jet fusion and part properties. These results can be used to choose the right balance between production time and product quality.

Dynamic ease evaluation for 3D garment design

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Trevor John Little
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Garment Design

Purpose 3D garment design technology is developing rapidly thereby creating a need for different approaches to developing the patterns. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the 3D dynamic ease distribution for a 3D garment design. Design/methodology/approach Standard garments were created from Size 2 to Size 14 for ten human subjects. Landmarks location on both human body and the standard garment under dynamic postures are recorded, and he fit and comfort evaluation of the standard garment were collected from the ten human subjects. Finally, these data were used to evaluate the 3D dynamic ease distribution for a 3D garment design. Findings 3D dynamic ease evaluation is challenging and the findings showed that the upper-arm design is a core element of the whole 3D garment design. The upper arm is not only a connecting part for both front and back pieces of the garment, but is also the main active part of the body, so it is the essential element to affect the comfort and fit of the garment under dynamic postures. Originality/value This research provides a novel 3D ease evaluation by analyzing the landmarks location of both human body and standard garment, and fit and comfort evaluation of the standard garment, which are all carried under dynamic postures.

Modeling of half-scale human bodies in active body positions for apparel design and testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzu Vuruskan ◽  
Susan P. Ashdown
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Apparel Design ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fit Testing ◽  
Pattern Development ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Design And Testing

Purpose The design and testing of clothing for activewear requires complex assessments of the suitability of the clothing when the body is in motion. The purpose of this paper is to investigate full body 3D scanning of active body poses in order to develop “watertight” digital models and half-scale dress forms to facilitate design, pattern making and fit analyses. Issues around creating a size set of scans in order to facilitate fit testing of activewear across a size range were also explored. Design/methodology/approach Researchers experimented to discover effective methods for 3D body capture in the cycling position and reconstruction of the body in a reliable way. In total, 25 cyclists were scanned and size representatives were selected from these participants. Methods of creating half-scale forms were developed that make optimum use of modern materials and technologies. Half-scale dress forms were created in two active positions in a range of sizes for fit testing and design. A set of half-scale and full-scale bike shorts in two styles were manufactured and fit tested on the half-scale forms compared to fit testing on the scan participants to test validity of this method of assessing fit. Findings Issues in capturing and reconstructing areas occluded in the scanning process, and reconstructing the interface with the bicycle seat were addressed. Active digital forms were developed across the size range, from which both digital avatars and physical mannequins were developed for pattern development and fit testing. The production and use of precisely half-scaled tools for garment testing was achieved and validated by comparing fit test results in active positions on the half-scale forms and on participants who were scanned to create these forms. Originality/value Design modifications for active positions to date are based on linear measurements alone, which do not define the 3D body adequately. Despite much research using body scanners, only limited data exist on the body in active poses, and the concept of creating half-scale forms by scanning fit models throughout the size range in active body positions is a novel concept. The progress made in resolving material and process experiments in creating the actual half-scale forms, and testing their suitability for fit testing provides a basis for further research aimed at developing similar dress forms for other activewear garments.

Temperature profiles with respect to inhomogeneity and geometry of the human body

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1110-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Werner ◽  
M. Buse
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
Neutral Conditions

Temperature profiles within the human body are highly dependent on the geometry and inhomogeneity of the body. Physical parameters such as density and heat conductivity of the various tissues and variables such as blood flow and metabolic heat production of different organs are spatially distributed and thereby influence the temperature profiles within the human body. Actual physiological knowledge allows one to take into account up to 54 different spatially distributed values for each parameter. An adequate representation of the anatomy of the body requires a spatial three-dimensional grid of at least 0.5-1.0 cm. This is achieved by photogrammetric treatment of three-dimensional anatomic models of the human body. As a first essential result, the simulation system has produced a realistic picture of the topography of temperatures under neutral conditions. Compatibility of reality and simulation was achieved solely on the basis of physical considerations and physiological data base. Therefore the simulation is suited to the extrapolation of temperature profiles that cannot be obtained experimentally.

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