scholarly journals Structural design of floodways under extreme flood loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-555
Author(s):  
Isaac Greene ◽  
Weena Lokuge ◽  
Warna Karunasena
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Extreme Flood

Purpose Current methods for floodway design are predominately based on hydrological and hydraulic design principles. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a finite element methods approach for the inclusion of a simplified structural design method into floodway design procedures. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a three-dimensional finite element method to investigate numerically the different parameters, geometric configurations and loading combinations which cause floodway vulnerability during extreme flood events. The worst-case loading scenario is then used as the basis for design from which several structural design charts are deduced. These charts enable design bending moments and shear forces to be extracted and the cross-sectional area of steel and concrete to be designed in accordance with the relevant design codes for strength, serviceability and durability. Findings It was discovered that the analysed floodway structure is most vulnerable when impacted by a 4-tonne boulder, a 900 mm cut-off wall depth and with no downstream rock protection. Design charts were created, forming a simplified structural design process to strengthen the current hydraulic design approach provided in current floodway design guidelines. This developed procedure is demonstrated through application with an example floodway structural design. Originality/value The deduced structural design process will ensure floodway structures have adequate structural resilience, aiding in reduced maintenance and periods of unserviceability in the wake of extreme flood events.

Design and fabrication of transfer seat system for disabled drivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Sampath S. ◽  
Chithirai Pon Selvan M. ◽  
Mohamed Ameen K. ◽  
Mohamed Amin I.
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Present System ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Design Calculations

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the design and development of transfer seat system which aids the disabled drivers to get in and out of the car without outside help thereby reducing physical effort. The design of the model is carried out taking into account the vehicle specification and the weight of the person. After careful measurement and analysis, the required seat system parameters were estimated. The three movements associated with the system are satisfied with motors controlled by switches. The design calculations and the tests carried out are validated using the ANSYS finite element software.Design/methodology/approachThe whole process begins with the definition of the problem of eliminating the support of an additional person to help people with disabilities enter and leave a car, making it feasible and economical for the patients. Literature review includes and develops information from different sources. The research gap is identified and a necessary improvement is proposed. Design and analysis involves optimum design and calculation that achieves the efficiency, reliability and comfortable movement of the system. It also involves validation to support stress analysis in the system that is performed using ANSYS. The material supply includes the required materials taking into account factors such as strength, durability and availability. Manufacturing selects appropriate manufacturing techniques taking into account design, materials and space limitation. Operations such as welding, cutting, drilling and grinding are considered. The tests consist of performing a physical test to check the approximate load capacity of the system for a gentle, comfortable and secure comfort. Validation ensures that the results of the test coincide with the existing results of the supporting documentation. This process also involves taking corrective action and re-doing the design process to achieve the desired results.FindingsThe results that are plotted suggest that with the increase in downward force, the power required to balance it is greater. Similarly, the speed increases with increasing power. ANSYS analysis can be performed for the support structure and for obtaining deformation. The entire work can be implemented on the actual vehicle, and the time required for the patient to enter and exit could be calculated. The entire transfer system that operates by the engine can be modified, and a hydraulic system can be used to make the movements possible. The section of the rail can also be modified accordingly, and the comparison of the possible results can be carried out with the present system.Research limitations/implicationsThe entire system can be improvised by working on the mechanism which reduces the overall operating time without causing discomfort to the user when entering and exiting the car. Furthermore, the safety feature must be considered in the car to prevent the mechanism from altering the seating position of the seat, for which a mooring system can be inserted with a switch to hold it in place and release it. A powerful motor can be integrated into the mechanism to improvise the second movement, which is the deployment of the legs on the ground with the motorized wheels. The set of cast iron rails is used to support more weight without failure.Practical implicationsThe main objective is to design a system that allows a disabled person to enter and exit easily without the support or assistance of a second person. The design process had to be modified, and various methods were tried to incorporate this flawless movement onto the chassis of the car. Necessary changes have been made in the case of the material used and of the yarn to obtain the desired movement at the desired speed at the desired time. By performing these three movements, the secondary objective had to be integrated into the system to automate the door to facilitate the entry and exit of the car and to open the door simply by pressing a button. These results were taken into account to make the engine speed changes and the speed at which the chair will descend and move horizontally to ensure a safe design.Social implicationsThe developed transfer seat system can be widely used in healthcare sectors which greatly helps the movement of disabled persons.Originality/valueThe design calculations and tests carried out are validated using the ANSYS®, a finite element software.

Lessons learned from the Big Floods, 1999–2013: The Bavarian Flood Action Programme 2020plus

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grambow ◽  
Erich Eichenseer ◽  
Gregor Overhoff ◽  
Tobias Hafner ◽  
Kerstin Staton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Action Programme

Flood protection is an integral part of society's development. Meeting a growing vulnerability in the context of geopolitical and global changes, existing systems of natural hazard management must be reviewed on a regular basis. This is illustrated well by Bavaria's recent history. The lessons from the big floods in the period of 1999–2013 led to a fundamental modification of Bavaria's integral flood protection strategy. The concepts of flood risk management, resilience and dealing with extreme flood events which exceed standard structural design limits came to the fore. Management of flash floods and other floods, handling of potential retention areas, the inclusion of insurance, resettlement, and the burden of maintenance are further challenges which are briefly addressed in this paper.

scholarly journals Structural analysis by interval approach

2008 ◽  
pp. 869-880
Author(s):  
Franck Massa ◽  
Karine Mourier-Ruffin ◽  
Bertrand Lallemand ◽  
Thierry Tison
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Deterministic Analysis ◽  
Interval Approach

Finite element simulations are well established in industry and are an essential part of the design phase for mechanical structures. Although numerical models have become more and more complex and realistic, the results can still be relatively far from observed reality. Nowadays, use of deterministic analysis is limited due to the existence of several kinds of imperfections in the different steps of the structural design process. This paper presents a general non-probabilistic methodology that uses interval sets to propagate the imperfections. This methodology incorporates sensitivity analysis and reanalysis techniques. Numerical interval results for a test case were compared to experimental interval results to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed methodology.

Coevolutionary and genetic algorithm based building spatial and structural design

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hèrm Hofmeyer ◽  
Juan Manuel Davila Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Element Method

AbstractIn this article, two methods to develop and optimize accompanying building spatial and structural designs are compared. The first, a coevolutionary method, applies deterministic procedures, inspired by realistic design processes, to cyclically add a suitable structural design to the input of a spatial design, evaluate and improve the structural design via the finite element method and topology optimization, adjust the spatial design according to the improved structural design, and modify the spatial design such that the initial spatial requirements are fulfilled. The second method uses a genetic algorithm that works on a population of accompanying building spatial and structural designs, using the finite element method for evaluation. If specific performance indicators and spatial requirements are used (i.e., total strain energy, spatial volume, and number of spaces), both methods provide optimized building designs; however, the coevolutionary method yields even better designs in a faster and more direct manner, whereas the genetic algorithm based method provides more design variants. Both methods show that collaborative design, for example, via design modification in one domain (here spatial) to optimize the design in another domain (here structural) can be as effective as monodisciplinary optimization; however, it may need adjustments to avoid the designs becoming progressively unrealistic. Designers are informed of the merits and disadvantages of design process simulation and design instance exploration, whereas scientists learn from a first fully operational and automated method for design process simulation, which is verified with a genetic algorithm and subject to future improvements and extensions in the community.

Research on the Detail Design of Aircraft Wings

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 394-397
Author(s):  
Guo Chun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Buckling Analysis ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Aircraft Wings ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Design Requirements

Due to the lack of the wings detail design progress and the limitation of ordinary detail design ways for the complicated design of wings, while a new wing detail design process was proposed based on traditional wing structural design approach, including two parts: the sub-components design and the particular design. The process involves taking loads on initial proofing structure, structural design, FEM (Finite Element Methods) analysis, and buckling analysis, etc. In the particular design, the structural loads were calculated by the corresponding deformation based on the initial proofing design. The detail components are designed based on the new design process which meets to all the design requirements. It shows that the new design process is feasible and available.

Structural design guidelines for Delayed Coker Unit (DCU) used in hydrocarbon industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Bedair
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concrete Pile ◽  
Pile Caps ◽  
Industrial Projects

PurposeDelays in projects execution due to improper structural design lead to substantial losses to the owners. Little guidelines are available in practice that deals with structural design of Delayed Coker Units (DCUs). This work describes effective structural criteria for design of DCU used in hydrocarbon industry. Economical procedures are described for steel and concrete design. Design of pump houses supporting DCU is also described.Design/methodology/approachNumerical procedures are developed to model pipelines and mechanical equipment loadings. Soil restraints are simulated using horizontal and vertical springs along the pile embedded length. Concrete pile-caps are integrated with steel structure in the analysis model.FindingsThe proposed design approach is cost effective to use in practice. The paper offers economical footprint for design of DCUs that can be used for multiple projects.Practical implicationsThe paper provides useful guidelines that can be utilized by engineers for design of coker heater and coker fractionation stacks, steel modules, coke pump house, deluge building, etc.Originality/valueCurrently, there are no guidelines in practice that deal with structural design of DCU. The present work bridges this gap and describes novel strategies that can be utilized for industrial projects.

scholarly journals OSD

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-169
Author(s):  
Tofigh Hamidavi ◽  
Sepehr Abrishami ◽  
Pasquale Ponterosso ◽  
David Begg ◽  
Nikos Nanos
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Automatic Design ◽  
Design Optimisation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Structural Engineers

Purpose The paper aims to leverage the importance of the integrated automatic structural design for tall buildings at the early stage. It proposes to use an automatic prototype to perform the structural design, analysis and optimisation in a building information modelling (BIM)-based platform. This process starts with extracting the required information from the architectural model in Revit Autodesk, such as boundary conditions and designs different options of the structural models in Robot Autodesk. In this process, Dynamo for Revit is used to define the mathematical functions to use different variables and generate various structural models. The paper aims to expand the domain of automation in the BIM platform to reduce the iterative process in different areas such as conceptual structural design and collaboration between architects and structural engineers to reduce the time and cost at the early stages. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins with an exploratory research by adopting a qualitative methodology and using open-ended questions to achieve more information about the phenomenon of automation and interoperability between structural engineers and architects and gain new insight into this area. Furthermore, correlation research is used by adopting quantitative and short questions to compare the proposed prototype with the traditional process of the structural design and optimisation and the interoperability between architects and engineers and consequently, validate the research. Findings As an outcome of the research, a structural design optimisation (SDO) prototype was developed to semi-automate the structural design process of tall buildings at the early stages. Moreover, the proposed prototype can be used during the early stage of structural design in different areas such as residential buildings, bridges, truss, reinforced concrete detailing, etc. Moreover, comprehensive literature regarding using automation in structural design, optimisation process and interoperability between architects and engineers is conducted that provides a new insight to contribute to future research and development. Research limitations/implications Due to the time limit, the paper results may lack in a comprehensive automatic structural design process. Therefore, the researchers are encouraged to expand the workability of the prototype for a comprehensive automatic design check such as automatic design for the minimum deflection, displacement of different types of buildings. Practical implications The prototype includes implications for the development of different automatic designs. Originality/value The focus of this paper is the optimisation of the structural design in the BIM platform by using automation. This combination is one of the novelties of this paper, and the existing literature has a very limited amount of information and similar work in this area, especially interoperability between architects and engineers.

Structural Design Process Improvement Using Evolutionary Finite Element Models

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Taylor ◽  
Terrence A. Weisshaar ◽  
Vladimir Sarukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Finite Element Models

scholarly journals Development of Simulation Based p-Multipliers for Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Granular Soil Using 3D Nonlinear Finite Element Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Adeel ◽  
Muhammad Asad Jan ◽  
Muhammad Aaqib ◽  
Duhee Park
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Winkler Foundation ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Pile Groups ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Laterally Loaded Pile ◽  
Laterally Loaded

The behavior of laterally loaded pile groups is usually accessed by beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler-foundation (BNWF) approach employing various forms of empirically derived p-y curves and p-multipliers. Averaged p-multiplier for a particular pile group is termed as the group effect parameter. In practice, the p-y curve presented by the American Petroleum Institute (API) is most often utilized for piles in granular soils, although its shortcomings are recognized. In this study, we performed 3D finite element analysis to develop p-multipliers and group effect parameters for 3 × 3 to 5 × 5 vertically squared pile groups. The effect of the ratio of spacing to pile diameter (S/D), number of group piles, varying friction angle (φ), and pile fixity conditions on p-multipliers and group effect parameters are evaluated and quantified. Based on the simulation outcomes, a new functional form to calculate p-multipliers is proposed for pile groups. Extensive comparisons with the experimental measurements reveal that the calculated p-multipliers and group effect parameters are within the recorded range. Comparisons with two design guidelines which do not account for the pile fixity condition demonstrate that they overestimate the p-multipliers for fixed-head condition.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhiza resilience and recovery to extreme flood events in Tuber aestivum and Quercus robur

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVery little is known about the impact of flooding and ground saturation on ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcM) and increasing flood events are expected with predicted climate change. To explore this, seedlings inoculated with the EcM species Tuber aestivum were exposed to a range of flood durations. Oak seedlings inoculated with T. aestivum were submerged for between 7 and 65 days. After a minimum of 114-day recovery, seedling growth measurements were recorded, and root systems were destructively sampled to measure the number of existing mycorrhizae in different zones. Number of mycorrhizae did not display correlation with seedling growth measurements. Seven days of submersion resulted in a significant reduction in mycorrhizae numbers and numbers reduced most drastically in the upper zones. Increases in duration of submersion further impacted mycorrhizae numbers in the lowest soil zone only. T. aestivum mycorrhizae can survive flood durations of at least 65 days. After flooding, mycorrhizae occur in higher numbers in the lowest soil zone, suggesting a mix of resilience and recovery. The results will aid in furthering our understanding of EcM but also may aid in conservation initiatives as well as providing insight for those whose livelihoods revolve around the collection of EcM fruiting bodies or cropping of the plant partners.

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