The impact of autonomy on the relationship between mentoring and entrepreneurial intentions among youth in Germany, Kenya, and Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mabunda Baluku ◽  
Matagi Leonsio ◽  
Edward Bantu ◽  
Kathleen Otto
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Wage Employment ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how autonomy, moderated by employment status, impacts the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring (EM) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among three countries (Germany, Kenya, and Uganda); as informed by both theory of planned behavior and self-determination theory.Design/methodology/approachA convenient sample of 1,509 youth from Germany, Kenya, and Uganda consisting of final-year university students, wage-employed, and unemployed was identified and studied. A multi-group analysis was conducted to test for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI.FindingsThe findings indicate that mentoring and autonomy are positively correlated with EI. EM and intentions were lower among German participants than for the East African countries. The moderated moderation results revealed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when individuals have higher levels of autonomy. Country-level analysis showed the effects of EM and autonomy are highest in Germany and lowest in Uganda.Practical implicationsMentoring and self-determination play an important role in the development of EI. Entrepreneurship mentors should specifically support their protégées to develop the ability to act autonomously as an important entrepreneurial competence. The results further indicate that effectiveness of EM varies according to employment status and among countries. This is particularly important for targeting and designing of EM interventions. EM resources should be applied to youth with high autonomy, who are in either in insecure wage employment or who have no jobs. Protégés with low levels of autonomy should be supported to appreciate autonomy and develop the ability for autonomous action. Future EI research should also examine the impact of the availability of attractive positions in wage employment; and the effects of the availability of social safety nets on the need for autonomy.Originality/valueA major challenge in EI research is the predominant focus on student populations. Using a multi-group analysis, the present paper tested for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI. EM and EI were lower in German participants that in Kenyan and Ugandan participants. Whereas EM was generally positively correlated to EI, the moderated results showed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when participants have higher autonomy. The study implies that EM and EI are highly correlated when participants need to work but have not or cannot find work or whey they do not need salaried employment to survive.

The impact of innovation strategies on the relationship between supplier integration and operational performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Benedicto Duhaylongsod ◽  
Pietro De Giovanni
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supplier Integration ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether implementing certain innovation strategies and adopting a portfolio of innovations improve the relationship between supplier integration (SI) and operational performance (OP). Design/methodology/approach The authors test several research hypotheses by using a data set of 173 firms. Data were collected by interviewing managers, presidents and directors, from ten European countries and across nine different industries. The authors use structural equation modeling to estimate the relationships between SI and OP. The authors apply multi-group analysis to test the effects of certain innovation strategies and a portfolio of innovations on these relationships. Findings The authors show that SI improves internal OP but has no direct effect on external OP. The latter can only be improved through well-performing internal operations. The adoption of an incremental product innovation strategy improves the relationship between internal and external OP and leads to more effective SI. Other types of innovations do not help in improving the impact of SI on OP. Finally, the adoption of a portfolio of innovations does not enhance the influence of SI on OP. Thus, firms should focus on a small number of innovations rather than expanding their innovation portfolio to improve the effectiveness of SI on OP. Practical implications When firms aim to improve the impact of SI on OP, they should concentrate on incremental product innovations. Other strategies obtained by combining process, incremental and radical innovations are not adequate for that purpose. An expanded portfolio of innovations does not improve the effect of supplier innovation on OP. Originality/value This research suggests how the impact of SI on OP can be improved by adopting certain innovation strategies and without diversifying the portfolio of innovation projects.

scholarly journals School engagement as a mediator in students’ social relationships and academic performance: a survey based on CiteSpace

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Li ◽  
Leiju Qiu ◽  
Baowen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose In studies related to education, sociology and economics, the relationship between students’ social relationships and their academic performance is one of the most important research topics; a large number of research studies have focused on it. This study aims to analyze the previous studies about social interaction and academic performance and attempts to reveal the underlying mechanism. Design/methodology/approach This study uses CiteSpace to analyze 1,843 articles on social relationships and academic performance from 2001 to 2019. According to the co-cited literature network results in CiteSpace, this study proposes an adapted conceptual framework of the relationship between social relationships and academic performance. This paper further examines more studies about the two most-cited articles in the co-cited literature network for better understanding. Findings From the results of the co-cited literature network, this study determines that school engagement is an important mediator between social relationships and academic performance. This paper further examines studies on school engagement and determine that, along with the self-determination theory, school engagement is influenced by multiple components of self-determination theory: autonomy, competence and relatedness. Originality/value According to the visual result in CiteSpace, this study examines a research trend in which researchers scholars start to conduct micro and detailed empirical research on the impact of the specific social networks on academic performance because of the progress of information technology. Therefore, based on the previous literature that we have analyzed, this study predicts that the trend of using information technology, such as data mining or data analysis, in this academic field will become a mainstream practice in the future.

The impact of employees’ status on incivility, deviant behaviour and job insecurity

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yariv Itzkovich
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Employee Deviance ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Drawing on the exchange model and the multidimensional approach to job insecurity, the purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between perceived incivility and two possible outcomes: job insecurity and employee deviance, while differentiating between two separate groups of targets, namely targets who possess high employment status and targets with low employment status. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected in 2014 in Israel. An on-line questionnaire method was used, through which 648 valid responses were collected and analyzed using structural equational modeling. Findings – H1 and H2 maintained that incivility would have a positive impact on job insecurity and employee deviance. The other three hypotheses maintained that the perception of incivility, as well as the relationship between incivility and both job insecurity and employee deviance, would be stronger for employees working under less favorable employment conditions. The model’s fit indices indicated a good fit, suggesting that all five hypotheses were accepted. Originality/value – This study elaborates on previous studies by showing that incivility can predict job insecurity and employee deviance. Data related to the potential deviant outcomes of incivility are relatively rare. Additionally, the current research framed incivility, which is a micro-level behavior, in a wider context of employment relations. As precarious employment arrangements are on the rise, it is necessary to understand its hidden implications and threats to both employees and organizations. From a methodological point of view, this study introduced a shorter version of Robinson and Bennett’s (1995) workplace deviance scale, which pertains to the authors’ theoretical model.

scholarly journals Personality traits and intrapreneurial behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair Alam ◽  
Shazia Kousar ◽  
Aiza Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Ali Kaleem
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose Intrapreneurship is rapidly concerning organizations to tailor their operations and strategies for competitive advantage. Research on intrapreneurial dimensions is in the developing stage, requiring more rigorous methods of investigation and application in various contexts. This study aims to focus on individual level intrapreneurship by examining the association of personality traits (PTs) on intrapreneurial behaviour (IB) moderated by knowledge sharing behaviour (KSB) and comparison of employees in engineering and functional departments. Design/methodology/approach A survey has been conducted for data collection using a structured questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modelling has been used for hypotheses testing, moderation and multi-group analysis on a sample of 534 respondents. Findings Results reveal that PTs exerted a positive influence on IB. The impact of PTs on IB was more pronounced in the employees of functional departments. KSB moderates positively in the relationship between PTs and IB. Both groups significantly differ in dimensions of PTs. Practical implications Organizations can do little to improve PTs of employees, which impacts on intrapreneurship in organizations. However, KSB in organizations can be improved by adopting various measures. KSB eventually promotes innovation in organizations resulting in an overall competitive advantage for firms. Originality/value This is the first study that contributes theoretically in intrapreneurship literature by providing insights on PTs impacting IB incorporating KSB and comparing the diverse group of employees.

Understanding the role of universities in fostering female entrepreneurship in the emerging ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Ahmed Meeralam ◽  
Iman Adeinat
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
University Support ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In recent years, the trend toward entrepreneurship in the emerging ecosystem has grown such that it has become an important driver of economic growth and prosperity. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of several personal, cultural and social antecedents on female students’ intentions to become entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach A structural model is used to assess the entrepreneurial intentions of 740 female students enrolled in private and public universities in Saudi Arabia. Through exploratory factor analysis, a set of observables is identified to represent the relationships in the conceptual model, whereas structural equation modeling is used to test the main hypotheses proposed in the study. Findings Antecedents of entrepreneurial intention were explored based on the theory of planned behavior. The paper extends this theory by incorporating two additional antecedents, namely, university support and fear of failure. The construct of university support was found to have a significant effect on perceived behavioral control, which, in turn, had a positive impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of female students. Further, the multi-group analysis showed no significant difference between female students’ entrepreneurial intentions in relation to where they were enrolled, i.e. public vs a private university. Practical implications Given the relevance of our research to the employment market, this study contributes to efforts to realize Saudi Vision 2030. The results constitute valuable information for policymakers in terms of suggesting steps that can be taken to maximize this population’s contributions to the country’s economy, particularly in regard to the educational opportunities that can support entrepreneurship. Originality/value Although the literature includes a wide range of studies addressing university students’ entrepreneurship intentions, only a few address the antecedents involved in decisions to pursue entrepreneurship on the part of students in disciplines other than business. Further, despite Saudi Arabia’s new orientation toward empowering women, considerations of entrepreneurship on the part of Saudi women are almost entirely absent from the literature. To that end, this study provides a much-needed analysis of the extent to which female students in Saudi Arabia at public and private universities intend to become entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial intention as a function of university atmosphere, macroeconomic environment and business support: a multi-group analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gentjan Çera ◽  
Edmond Çera ◽  
Zoltan Rozsa ◽  
Svitlana Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of university atmosphere, macroeconomic environment and business support on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, it explores whether country moderates these relationships or not. Design/methodology/approach This research is administered on individual-level data collection through survey distribution. The impact of contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention, along with moderating effect, was examined by using multi-group analysis (MGA) in partial least squares (PLS) in an original data set of 1,352 respondents from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland. Findings The results indicate that university environment and business support can influence entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, country did not moderate the proposed relationships. Research limitations/implications This study’s contribution enriches literature by providing insights on the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions in the Central Europe context. Limitations may be overcome with further research. Practical implications Identifying factors that influence entrepreneurial intention can inform the design of effective policies to boost entrepreneurship and combat youth unemployment. Originality/value Understanding the contextual factors that motivate students towards entrepreneurship may inform the design of more effective policies. The findings of this study, particularly concerning moderating effects, are useful to scholars as entrepreneurial behaviour is proved similar across all three countries.

scholarly journals The relationship between individualism and entrepreneurial intention – a Finnish perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teemu Rantanen ◽  
Timo Toikko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to analyze the relationship between individualist values and entrepreneurial intentions. Previous surveys have shown that major national differences in entrepreneurial intentions can be observed within Europe and that part of this variation can be explained by cultural values, especially the individualism–collectivism dimension. However, previous findings about the relationship between individualism and entrepreneurship remain contradictory. Design/methodology/approach This study is a micro-level analysis of the influence of individualistic values. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991, 2001) and theories of individualism advanced by Hofstede (1980) and Triandis and Gelfand (1998). The research data were gathered from a survey of Finnish students (N = 725). Findings The results show that the relationship between cultural values and entrepreneurial intention is very complex. In contrast to Hofstede (1980), the study assumes individualism and collectivism to be two separate and independent dimensions of cultural values, both of which have a positive, indirect effect on entrepreneurial intention by way of subjective norms and perceived control. Practical implications Both individualist and collectivist values promote entrepreneurial intentions. From this point of view, general citizenship education, which supports the development of young people’s cultural values, can be seen as a significant element in entrepreneurship education. This suggests an instance of holistic education, the aim of which is for individuals’ autonomy and contestability to be combined with community and collective responsibility. Originality/value The analysis of Triandis and Gelfand (1998) has not been systematically utilized in the previous studies on entrepreneurial intentions. The findings of this study address not only the influence of psychological factors over entrepreneurial intentions but also the impact of individualist and collectivist values. The results complement the results of previous studies.

Entrepreneurial social identity and stakeholders: the socio-economic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-144
Author(s):  
Marina Estrada-Cruz ◽  
Antonio José Verdú-Jover ◽  
José Maria Gómez-Gras ◽  
Jose Manuel Guaita Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Entrepreneurial identity involves identifying and exploiting opportunities to create value and wealth. Entrepreneurship contributes mainly to a firm’s efforts be exploited in a marketplace. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the entrepreneurial social identities identified by Fauchart and Gruber (2011) and three primary stakeholders: investors, customers and employees. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through online questionnaires from entrepreneurs who had created their own new venture in Spain. The results were analysed using partial least squares technique (PLS-SEM) (Fornell and Cha, 1994) with Smart PLS 3.0 (Ringle et al., 2015). Findings The results show that the identities defined as Darwinian and Communitarian have a positive effect on profits and growth in sales, which serve to create value for investors and customers. The effect is not significant, however, when these identities are connected to job creation to create value for employees. Further, the multi-group analysis performed shows that this relationship differs significantly based on gender. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is that this research does not include relevant stakeholders like sponsors or project managers. The next step is to expand this research to this kind of stakeholders. Practical implications The research assists gender entrepreneurial social identity and business performance under the impact on primary stakeholders. Social implications This research has the potential to analyse the entrepreneurial social identities for their contribution to create value and wealth. Originality/value The authors’ main contributions are to have based the study on the relationship between entrepreneurial social identity and business performance and their impact on primary stakeholders and to have analysed the differences on gender entrepreneurial social identity and business performance and their impact on primary stakeholders.

scholarly journals Facebook’s power: factors influencing followers’ visit intentions

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Blasco-Lopez ◽  
Nuria Recuero Virto ◽  
Joaquin Aldas Manzano ◽  
Daniela Cruz Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frida Kahlo ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that Facebook Fan Pages (FFPs) play in the generation of visit intention. The study has three objectives: first, to examine the effects of museum-generated content (MGC) on perceived information quality and perceived customer service and perceived information quality and perceived customer service on visit intention and, second, to test the model with two samples to make comparisons that provide useful insights. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through an online survey that achieved 308 valid responses. A multi-group analysis was conducted to compare the results from two groups: users of the Frida Kahlo museum and Anahuacalli museum FFPs. Findings The results reveal that there are significant differences between the two samples regarding the direct effects of perceived information quality on visit intention and perceived customer service on visit intention. The authors also noted a slight difference between the two museums’ FFPs in the relationship between MGC and perceived information quality. Research limitations/implications Further research is needed to examine other FFP factors that influence visit intention to clarify the results obtained from the two samples and to analyse the proposed model in other settings. This research contributes to the literature concerning the impact of online platforms on visit intention. Originality/value The findings provide useful insights for managers as to how to increase their FFP followers’ intention to visit their establishments.

Entrepreneurship education and undergraduate students’ self- and paid-employment intentions

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Otache
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Graduate Unemployment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptually explore the relationship between Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and undergraduate students’ self- and paid-employment intentions. Specifically, the paper aims to examine the effect of paid-employment intention on the relationship between EE and self-employment intention. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviewed extensively related literature on EE, entrepreneurial intentions and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The detailed literature review undertaken formed the basis for the development of the conceptual framework. Findings It is found that undergraduate students have two opposing employment intentions within them, namely, self- and paid-employment intentions. The two employment intentions interact and have a tendency to dominate each other, and consequently lead to different employment behaviours. The dominant employment intention determines whether a graduate will exhibit self- or paid-employment behaviour. This confirms that graduates are faced with two career paths or choices, namely, self- and paid-employment. Research limitations/implications It is not an empirical paper. Thus, the conceptual framework needs to be further empirically tested. More specifically, the proposition that undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions moderate the impact of EE on their self-employment intentions needs to be empirically validated. Practical implications This paper provides some insightful and practical implications for the government and the policymakers in the education sector, particularly in tackling the menace of graduate unemployment and its associated problems. It provides an insight into the problem of graduate unemployment. The government and the policymakers should initiate enlightenment programmes that will reorient undergraduate students away from having the mentality of securing paid-jobs after graduation. Equally, undergraduate students should be enlightened about the difficulties in securing paid-jobs and the benefits of being a self-employed graduate. Originality/value It is the first to explore the moderating effect of undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions on the relationship between EE and their self-employment intentions. Therefore, it makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature on EE and entrepreneurial intentions. It further strengthens the TPB by applying it to explain how undergraduate students’ paid-employment intentions could neutralise the impact of EE on their self-employment intentions.

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