Mediating role of government initiatives and media influence between perceived risks and destination image: a study of conflict zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakir Hussain Parrey ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad Hakim ◽  
Raouf Ahmad Rather
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Conflict Zone

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to enlarge the current understanding of destination image in view of identified sources of risk and to investigate the mediating role of government initiatives and media influence for sustainable and secure tourism in a conflict zone. Therefore, this study develops and empirically tests an integrative model of destination image that reflects a comprehensive view of the relationships among these variables.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data collected through a self-administered survey of respondents selected through probability area sampling from the targeted sample of domestic tourists in hospitality contexts (four- and five-star hotels). The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The scale was developed and purified through factor analysis (confirmatory factor analysis).FindingsThe results provide evidence that psychological risk and socio-cultural risk emerged as the major sources of risk followed by unrest (terrorist) and political risk which is against the predetermined notion that unrest (terrorist) risk is the major source of risk perceived by domestic tourists visiting a conflict zone. Further, the study identified that media is having comparatively higher role in influencing the perception about the sources of risk than the government initiatives in decreasing the sources of risk towards destination image and its competitiveness. Thus, the study supports the fact that for the destination image in conflict zone, performing best in the domain of control (government initiatives) yields very weak performance in the domain of concern (media).Originality/valueThis research contributes theoretically and empirically to the discussions on the components of the destination image in the conflict zone. Further, the study is inert in evaluating mediational role of media influence and government initiatives in the relationship between perceived risks and destination image.

Mapping the contours of fairness

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Otaye ◽  
Wilson Wong
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the contours of fairness by showing how different facets of fairness impact three important employee outcomes (job satisfaction, turnover intention and employer advocacy) and examining the mediating role of quality of management and leadership (through perceptions of both senior management and the quality of exchange with immediate supervisors) in attenuating negative impacts of unfairness on these outcomes. The study extends the concept of fairness beyond the traditional focus on organizational justice and models the mediating role of leadership on the relationship between (un)fairness and the three employee-level outcomes in a sample of employees representative of the UK workforce. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 2,067 employees in the UK. Exploratory factor analysis and then confirmatory factor analysis is used to refine three unfairness factors and address their dimensionality of the unfairness scale and then multiple regression analysis is used to test a fairness-leadership-employee performance outcome model. Findings – Results of multiple regression analysis revealed that both trust in leadership and leader-member exchange partially mediate the relationship between organizational (un)fairness and job satisfaction, advocacy and turnover intention, respectively. Practical implications – The findings highlight the important role that leaders play in influencing the relationship between perception of unfairness and employee outcomes. This has implications for both theory and practice as it suggests that the pattern of inclusion that leaders create through the relationships that they develop with their followers has a significant impact on the relationship between unfairness and the work outcomes. They not only must manage traditional perceptions of justice, but also the assessments employees make about trust in management judgements and the perceived consequences of such judgements. Originality/value – In an environment where perceptions of unfairness are becoming both more endemic but also more complex, the study shows that both senior leaders and immediate supervisors have important agency in managing negative consequences. Through the measurement of satisfaction, turnover intention and employer advocacy it also provides potential links to link fairness into the engagement literature.

The relationship between EFQM enablers and business performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kafetzopoulos ◽  
Katerina Gotzamani ◽  
Dimitrios Skalkos
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Efqm Model

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the five European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model enablers, as the latent factor “enabler excellence,” are associated with business performance, taking into consideration the mediating role of innovation in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis followed in order to investigate the relations among the various constructs of the proposed model includes an initial exploratory factor analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis and finally structural equation modeling.FindingsAccording to the study findings, “enabler excellence” and innovation performance directly contribute to business performance. Moreover, this paper concludes that innovation performance partially mediates the effect of excellence enablers on business performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study does not separate between radical and incremental innovation; thus, it would be very interesting to explore this issue in future research. Moreover, it might be useful for researchers to reassess the proposed relationships examining the mediating role of organizational culture.Practical implicationsThis study offers clear implications for managers, proving that they should give higher emphasis on quality management (QM) and the four dimensions of innovation in order to achieve increased performance.Originality/valueBased on the multidimensional structure of the EFQM model, this empirical study determines the contribution of QM to business performance taking into consideration the role of innovation performance as a mediator in this relationship.

Role of government towards adoption of cleaner technologies for climate proactivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Kumar Satapathy ◽  
Shirish Sangle ◽  
Seema Unnikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cleaner Technologies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose There is a need for considerable attention on the adoption of cleaner technologies (CT) by firms for climate proactivity for developing countries such as India. Literature survey suggests that government, market and civil society are the key drivers of CT adoption (CTA) in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating and moderating role of the government in CTA for climate proactivity. Design/methodology/approach The data collected from a survey of Indian firms were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis to examine the mediating and moderating role of the government. Findings The empirical outcome was compared with the current government policies to summarize the research findings. Research limitations/implications There is scope of future research to examine the moderating and mediating role of market and civil society in CTA for climate proactivity. Practical implications The study will provide significant insight into various stakeholders associated with the CTA such as government, technology manufacturers, marketing community, environmental professionals and associated researchers. The research model will be useful for policymakers, managers and researchers for understanding CTA in the Indian context. Social implications The output model will be useful for the government to formulate forward-looking strategies toward the adoption of CT by industries for climate proactivity. Originality/value Unlike previous studies in which the government was recognized as a key driver of CTA, this study makes an attempt to test the moderating/mediating role of government in CTA in India. The findings of the study are supported by adequate empirical evidence.

Antecedents of tourist loyalty to tourist destinations: a mediated-moderation study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad Darzi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of destination image on satisfaction level and tourist loyalty toward the various tourist destinations in Jammu and Kashmir. The study, also, attempted to investigate the mediating role of satisfaction and moderating role of gender, past experience and tourist origin in the proposed model.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in the state of Jammu and Kashmir spread over three divisions, i.e., Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. The study employs questionnaire survey method for data collection. Purposive sampling was adopted for data collection and data analysis was carried out through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques.FindingsThe study has found that cognitive image, affective image and unique image are the significant dimensions of destination image, which in turn has a positive effect on satisfaction level and tourist loyalty. It was also found that destination image has both direct and indirect effect on tourist loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe state of Jammu and Kashmir has been badly affected by ongoing political instability, which has caused huge losses to the tourism industry. The results of the study will be helpful to policymakers in designing various strategies and programs for maximizing tourist inflow and growth of tourism industry in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.Practical implicationsFurther, finding of the study will assist destination managers in understanding consumer behavior for promoting destination shopping activities. This will enhance tourist expenditure at destinations and thus provides direct benefits to the local economy.Originality/valueVery little research has been conducted on moderating role of gender, past experience and tourist origin in the destination image and its association with satisfaction and tourist loyalty in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Managing destination image and quality of tourist experience are critical to induce favorable expectations of destination in the tourist’s mind.

Impacts of learning content focus and collaborative learning on university teachers’ lifelong learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 442-464
Author(s):  
Hongyan Zhou ◽  
Chia-Ching Tu
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Learning Content

Purpose This paper aims to reveal the current status of China university teachers’ learning content focus (LCF) and collaborative learning (CL) and empirically examine the influential effects LCF and CL play on individual pursuit of lifelong learning (LLL) by investigating the mediating role of individual psychological empowerment (PE). Design/methodology/approach Descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), including exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis, are conducted. Findings The results of this study indicate significant direct impacts of LCF, CL and PE on university teachers’ LLL. LCF shares significant positive relationship with PE, validating the mediating role of PE between LCF and LLL. University teachers show their consciousness of learning required in professionalism and willingness to keep learning. However, the four major discrepancies: Lifelong Learning Process (LLLP) vs Lifelong Learning Behavior (LLLB), focus of professional promotion system vs that in LCF, lower levels in Self-determination and Impact (in PE) and less external partnerships, indicate the gaps between learning supports provided by university and policy designing in promoting LLL. Originality/value This study emphasizes the LLL ideology in professional development. Emphasis on university teachers’ learning within specific professional development contexts would encourage researchers to pay more attention to context-relevant factors enhancing LLL. And the four major discrepancies identified in this study deserve further investigations.

scholarly journals Service quality of Islamic banks: satisfaction, loyalty and the mediating role of trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Razali Haron ◽  
Noradilah Abdul Subar ◽  
Khairunisah Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe objective of this study is to examine the impact of PAKSERV model on customers' satisfaction, loyalty and trust in Malaysian Islamic banks. These comprehensive measures concern on the cultural dimension of service quality by focusing on the mediating role of trust in the Malaysian context.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted involving 401 customers of Islamic banks in the states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia. The data were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model employing AMOS 23 and SPSS 23.FindingsThe study found positive relationship of PAKSERV dimensions of service quality, customers' satisfaction, customers' loyalty and the mediating role of trust in enhancing customers' loyalty. This study provides new evidence on how trust can act as a partial mediation on the relationship between customers' satisfaction and customers' loyalty in the cultural context of Islamic banking in Malaysia.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can be used as a framework for other Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) in improving services to its customers.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the body of knowledge in enhancing the understanding on customers' satisfaction, loyalty and trust in Islamic banks in Malaysia. This study also covers a broad range of respondents, hence representing a good diversity of Islamic banks' customers.

Psychological empowerment and employees' creativity in Vietnam telecommunications enterprises: the mediating role of creative process engagement and intrinsic motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Phuong Linh Nguyen ◽  
Hau Xuan Doan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Employee Creativity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and employee creativity with the mediating role of creative process engagement and intrinsic motivation by testing the research model.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from in-depth interviews and surveys of 420 Vietnamese telecommunications enterprises employees. To test models and hypotheses, the collected data has been processed through Cronbach's alpha analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 tools.FindingsThe results confirm that psychological empowerment has a positive direct and indirect relationship through creative process engagement and intrinsic motivation with employee creativity.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this paper is that a full study of the impact of leadership style on psychological empowerment and psychological empowerment to employee creativity should be conducted in the future at Vietnamese telecommunications enterprises.Practical implicationsTelecommunications enterprises managers who want to stimulate employee creativity need to pay attention to empowering workers and creating conditions for them to participate in the creative process when doing work.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this research is to apply theories of psychological empowerment, self-determination and composition theory of creativity to understand the relationship between psychological empowerment, creative process engagement, intrinsic motivation and employee creativity of telecommunications enterprises employees in the context of a developing country in Asia.

Investigating the mediating role of organizational politics between leadership style and followers' behavioral outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 80-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Islam ◽  
Saif ur Rehman ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Other Hand

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of perceptions of organizational politics between leadership style, on the one hand and performance, commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on other hand.Design/methodology/approachA multifactor questionnaire was distributed among public employees of Pakistan (n=271). They were asked about their head of department's leadership style and perception of politics in the organization. In addition to this in‐role performance, commitment and OCB were also examined. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was analyzed with structure equation modeling and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were analyzed for intra structure of the leadership variables. Two models were examined: first, with the mediation role and second,without the mediation role.FindingsA partial mediation of leadership style was found with commitment and OCB. Organizational politics was found to be negatively related with the behavioral outcomes (i.e. commitment, in‐role performance and OCB).Research limitations/implicationsThe models do not show clear results of mediation or the direct effect of politics between leadership styles on one hand and commitment, performance and OCB on other hand.Practical implicationsManagers and heads of departments should know about the merits and demerits of leadership styles, as these may affect the political behavior which ultimately damages the performance, commitment and OCB.Originality/valueThe findings of the present study will contribute to existing literature regarding leadership and politics.

Non-traditional marketplaces in the retail apocalypse: investigating consumers' buying behaviours

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-286
Author(s):  
Michelle Childs ◽  
Tiffany Blanchflower ◽  
Songyee Hur ◽  
Delisia Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Shopping Enjoyment ◽  
Retail Shopping ◽  
Patronage Intentions

PurposeRevolutionary changes are happening in retail, and the term “retail apocalypse” reflects these dramatic changes. As a growing number of traditional brick-and-motor retailers are closing, the aim of this study is to understand and test the dimensions of specific store and consumer factors that are driving this shift towards non-traditional retail marketplaces (e.g. pop-up stores, fashion trucks), factors that drive consumer loyalty (i.e. re-patronage intentions) and the mediating role of shopping enjoyment in this context.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a consumer panel (n = 237) of previous shoppers of non-traditional retailers. Utilising exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study identifies possible store and consumer factors that are associated with consumers' patronage of non-traditional retailers. Based on results, we propose a model for non-traditional retail shopping behaviour.FindingsEFA revealed that quality of personal experience and consumer curiosity were dominant factors explaining variance. Key findings revealed that in-store factors (in-store ambiance, quality and value of products) and consumer factors (consumer curiosity, quality consciousness) influence consumers' re-patronage intentions. This highlights the importance of maintaining quality elements in shopping experiences. Shopping enjoyment was found to mediate relationships, indicating that while not all factors directly impact loyalty, it can be enhanced through pleasurable shopping experiences.Practical implicationsOur findings help retailers understand which factors are driving this dramatic change in consumer behaviour so they may develop better strategies to attract and retain customers. Retailers need to highlight product quality and in-store atmosphere and spark consumers' quality consciousness and curiosity to enhance consumer loyalty.Originality/valueDespite the rise in popularity, this is the first study to investigate non-traditional retailers comprehensively.

Role of Brand experience in Fashion brands

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
G. Aiswarya ◽  
Dr. Jayasree Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Selling Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Traditionally the products were pushed into the hands of customers by production and selling strategies; then the marketing strategy evolved which gained momentum by understanding the customer needs and developing products satisfying those needs. This strategy is most prevalent and what should be done to stand up in this most competitive scenario? The answer to this key question is to create an experience. The customers now also seek good experiences than other benefits. Brand experience has gained more attention, especially fashion brands. Previous studies demonstrate the role of the brand experience in brand equity and other consumer behavior constructs. But very little is known about the impact of brand experiences on fashion brands. The aim of this study is to develop a model which makes our understanding better about the role of Brand preference and Brand experience and its influence on purchase intention of the brand. An initial exploratory study is conducted using a focus group to generate items for the study. The items, thus generated are prepared in the form of a questionnaire and samples were collected.  Exploratory factor analysis is conducted and the reliability of the constructs is determined. These constructs are loaded onto AMOS to perform Confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirmed the scales used. We also noticed that Brand preference has a great influence on the Brand experience. Thereby the finding supports the role of the brand experience which tends to have a mediating role in influencing the purchase intention.

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