Study of the effect of overbased calcium or magnesium sulfonate combinated with thiazole derivatives in rapeseed oil on tribological properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1258-1267
Author(s):  
Juan Tan ◽  
Yanfei Wang ◽  
Mouwu Liu ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Lubricant Film ◽  
Thiazole Derivatives ◽  
Alkyl Benzene ◽  
Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worn Surfaces

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the tribological properties of a thiazole derivatives (T561), overbased alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate (T106A) compounded with T561 and overbased alkyl benzene magnesium sulfonate (T107) compounded with T561 in rapeseed oil (RSO). Design/methodology/approach A four-ball machine was used to evaluate the tribological properties of each compound and their combinations with T561 in RSO. Scanning electron microscopy, EDX and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to analyze the tribofilm formed on the worn surfaces. Findings Results of tribotesting demonstrated that synergistic effects exist between the overbased sulfonates, T106A and T107, and the thiazole derivative, T561. The texts of tribofilm indicated that iron sulfide and iron oxides exist in T561 single agent lubricant film and two composite additives lubricant film, and no sulfates were detected. It suggested that the addition of alkyl benzene sulfonate did not hinder the formation of iron sulfides and iron oxides. Meanwhile, CaSO4 (MgSO4) and CaCO3 (MgCO3) were detected on the worn surface of the composite additives, which were not detected on the single agent friction surface. Originality/value A tribofilm mainly contains CaSO4 (MgSO4) and CaCO3 (MgCO3) formed on the worn surfaces, which is responsible for excellent extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of the compound agents because of their high melting point and high shear stress.

3D texture parameters for wear scars after severe regime

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Deleanu ◽  
Traian Florian Ionescu ◽  
George Catalin Cristea ◽  
Cornel Camil Suciu ◽  
Constantin Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
3D Texture ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Worn Surfaces

Purpose This paper aims to present an analysis of several 3 D texture parameters for the entire wear scars obtained in severe regime, on a four-ball tester. The aim of this analysis is to correlate the tribological parameter as wear scar diameter to texture parameters. Design/methodology/approach Tested lubricants were rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil additivated with 1% Wt nano TiO2 and rapeseed oil additivated with 1%Wt nano ZnO. The severe regime was applied for 1400 rpm and for loads increasing in steps of 50 N, from 500 to 900 N. Several analyzed roughness parameters (height parameters and functional ones) could be related to the evolution of a wear parameter, the wear scar diameter. Comparing the values for neat rapeseed oil and additivated variants, the texture parameters allow for evaluating if the additives protect or not the worn surfaces. Findings Measurements pointed out two groups of roughness parameters: one that has an evolution depending on wear scar diameter (WSD) and load (Sa, St, functional parameters) and one including Ssk that has shown no dependence on load and WSD. Also, the functional parameters Spk and Svk follow in a similar manner the wear parameter, WSD, but Sk is the least dependent on load. For the highest load, amplitude parameters such as Sa and St are following the tendency of WSD. Each lubricant has its particular correlation between wear parameters and texture quality, expressed by the help of a set of roughness parameters. Research limitations/implications Such studies help tribologists to rank lubricants based on a combined analysis with wear parameters and texture parameters. Practical implications The results allow for evaluating new formulated lubricants. Originality/value The study on the quality on worn surfaces introduces the original idea of analyzing the entire wear scar surface (approximated by an ellipse with the axes as those experimentally measured) by the help of a set of 3 D roughness parameters.

Comparisons of tribological properties between laser and drilled dimple textured surfaces of medium carbon steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchun Shi ◽  
Aibing Yu ◽  
Jianzhao Wu ◽  
Weiyang Niu ◽  
Yanlin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Laser Surface Texturing ◽  
Heat Affect Zone ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worn Surfaces

Purpose The study aims to compare tribological properties between laser dimple textured surface and drilled dimple textured surface, and to analyze the influence of dimple hardened edges and ability of trapping wear debris on wear properties of dimple textured surfaces. Design/methodology/approach Circular textured dimples were produced on AISI 1,045 specimen surfaces using laser surface texturing (LST) and drilled surface texturing (DST) methods. Tribological behaviors of LST, DST and non-textured specimens were studied using ball-on-disc tribo-tester. Metallographic structures, dimples and worn surface morphologies were observed using a three-dimensional digital microscope. Hardnesses of substrate and dimple edges were measured. Findings There was no obvious difference in wear and friction coefficients between LST and DST specimens. Hardnesses of laser dimple edges were much higher than that of drilled dimple edges and specimen substrate. The hardened materials of laser dimple edge included recast zone and heat affect zone. Laser dimple was cone-shaped and drilled dimple was cylinder-shaped. Drilled dimple had a better ability of trapping wear debris than laser dimple. Non-uniform wear phenomenon occurred on worn surfaces of LST dimple specimens. Originality/value The ability of textured dimples to trap wear debris is affected by single dimple volume. Hardened edges of dimples cause non-uniform wear on worn surfaces of LST specimens.

Lubrication properties of modified lard and rapeseed oil greases with sodium and lithium thickeners

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juozas Padgurskas ◽  
Raimundas Rukuiža ◽  
Arturas Kupcinskas ◽  
Raimondas Kreivaitis
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lithium Soap ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
Degradable Materials ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Lubrication Properties ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conduct research on the possibility of improving the tribological and utilization properties of lard and rapeseed oil bio-based greases by mixing it with ethanol and selection of thickener and modification with special biological additives. Design/methodology/approach – Rapeseed oil- and lard-based greases with sodium and lithium soap thickeners were mixed with either water or ethanol and modified with a special biological anti-wear additive. Tribological properties of modified lubricants evaluated on a four-ball machine. Findings – Rapeseed oil- and lard-based greases suspended in ethanol and modified with bio-additive have the same wear resistance as the industrial non-biological lubrication grease and much higher wear resistance as bio-based reference grease. The tribological efficiency of the additives is higher in greases of rapeseed oil and less efficient in lard-based greases. Oxidation and wear tests show that investigated bio-based greases have comparatively stable tribological properties also after their aging. Modified greases have sufficient consistence according penetration measurements and high thermal resistance according drop-point temperature measurements. All produced experimental greases pass within the category of the easily degradable materials. Originality/value – The greases mixed with the ethanol make possible to form more homogeneous and stable grease mixture. Modified bio-based greases have significantly higher wear resistance as bio-based reference grease, their lubrication properties are stable also after the aging and are categorized as easily degradable materials.

Effect of electromagnetic field on tribological properties of two lubricating oils containing zinc dithiophosphate

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeqi Jiang ◽  
Jianhua Fang ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Boshui Chen ◽  
Kecheng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Zinc Dithiophosphate ◽  
Friction Reducing ◽  
Worn Surfaces

Purpose This paper aims at understanding tribological properties of lubricating oils doped with zinc dithiophosphate(ZDDP) with and without electromagnetic field impact. Design/methodology/approach The friction and wear properties of the oils formulated with zinc butyloctyl dithiophosphate (T202) or zinc dioctyl dithiophosphate (T203) under electromagnetic field or nonelectromagnetic field were evaluated on a modified four-ball tribotester. The characteristics of the worn surfaces obtained from electromagnetic or nonelectromagnetic field conditions were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This paper focuses on understanding influence of electromagnetic field on lubrication effect of the ZDDP-formulated oils. Findings The electromagnetic field could effectively facilitate anti-wear and friction-reducing properties of the oils doped with T202 or T203 as compared to those without electromagnetism affection, and the T203-doped oils were more susceptible to the electromagnetic field. The improvement of anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of the tested oils were mainly attributed to the promoted tribochemical reactions and the modification of the worn surfaces (forming Zn-Fe solid solution) induced by the electromagnetic field. Originality/value This paper has revealed that tribological performances of ZDDP-doped oils could be improved by the electromagnetic field and discussed its lubrication mechanisms. Investigating tribological properties of additives from the viewpoint of electromagnetics is a new attempt, which has significance not only for the choose and designing of additives in electromagnetic condition but also for development of tribological theories and practices.

Preparation and tribological properties of Ag nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1684-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leihua Xu ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Dekun Zhang ◽  
Mei Leng
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Lubricant Film ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Reduced Graphene

Purpose This paper aims to report the tribological behavior of Ag nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag/RGO NCs) and Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a green additive in oil with different concentration and under different friction conditions. Design/methodology/approach The Ag/RGO NCs and Ag NPs were both synthesized in a chemical reduction method. The diameter of silver nanoparticles implanted between RGO sheets was about 25 nm and that of silver sol was 70 nm. The morphology and structure of Ag/RGO NC were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. The tribological properties of Ag/RGO NCs and Ag NPs as lubricant oil additive were evaluated by measuring the friction coefficients and wear of the surface in different condition which were tested on UMT-II. Findings The results indicated that both the additives improved the friction-reduced and anti-wear properties of paraffin oil, and Ag/RGO NCs has better tribological performance than Ag NPs. The excellent tribological properties were attributed to the special structure of Ag/RGO NC and the formation of tribofilm reducing the friction and wear on the shearing surfaces. Research limitations/implications It is relatively difficult to observe the morphology of the lubricant film formed on the friction surface and to analyze the chemical composition at different depths of the lubricant film. Originality/value It is the first time for Ag/RGO NCs to be applied to improve the friction-reduced and anti-wear properties of lubricant oil as additive.

Polyaniline as an additive towards improving tribological properties and anti-corrosion performance of ionic liquids-based greases

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-856
Author(s):  
Zhengfeng Cao ◽  
Yanqiu Xia ◽  
Chuan Chen ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Worn Surfaces

Purpose This paper aims to explore polyaniline (PANI) as a lubricant additive to improve the anti-corrosion and tribological properties of ionic liquids (ILs) for actual applications. Design/methodology/approach ILs were synthesized by dissolving lithium salts in synthetic oil and were used as a base oil to prepare ILs-based greases. PANI was used as an additive. The tribological properties were investigated in detail and the anti-corrosion ability was also assessed via salt spray test. After friction test, the worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to analyze the lubrication mechanisms. Findings PANI not only reduces the corrosion but also improves the friction reduction and anti-wear abilities of the ILs-based greases. The analysis indicates that the protective films generated on the worn surfaces were responsible for the preferable anti-corrosion and tribological properties. Originality/value This paper provides an effective approach to improve the anti-corrosion and tribological properties of ILs for actual applications. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2019-0469/

Effect of thermal activation on the tribological behaviors of muscovite particles as lubricant additives in lithium grease

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Du ◽  
G.X. Chen ◽  
Shiyuan Song ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Kechen Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Lubricant Film ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Lithium Grease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worn Surface

Purpose The tribological properties of muscovite and its thermal-treated products as lubricant additives in lithium grease were investigated. The effect of thermal temperature on the crystal structure and tribological properties of muscovite was studied. This study aims to explore the tribological mechanism of muscovite and optimize a proper thermal activation temperature, thus further improving the tribological properties. Design/methodology/approach The crystal structure of muscovite samples was characterized by SEM, TG-DSC, XRD and FTIR. The tribological properties of grease samples were investigated using a four-ball tribotester and the worn surface was analyzed by SEM and EDS. Findings The excellent tribological properties of muscovite can be ascribed to the layer structure and lubricant film formed on the worn surface. Thermal temperature at 500-600°C increases the surface activity and oxygen releasing capability, and thus favors the formation of lubricant film and accordingly further improves the tribological properties. However, the layer structure is destroyed and hard phases such as alumina and amorphous appear after thermal temperature activated beyond 1000°C, as it results in the aggravation of friction and wear. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first to study the effect of thermal temperature on the crystal structure and tribological properties of muscovite. The tribological mechanism of muscovite particle and its thermal-treated products was disclosed.

Tribological Properties of PTFE Nanocomposites Filled with Alumina Nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Ping Niu ◽  
Sa Li ◽  
Jun Kai Zhang ◽  
Li Hua Cai ◽  
Yong Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Worn Surfaces

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocomposites filled with alumina nanoparticles were prepared by compression molding and follow-up sintering. The tribological behaviors of PTFE nanocomposites sliding against GCr15 steel were evaluated using ball-on-disk tribology test rig. The worn surfaces of the unfilled and filled PTFE nanocomposite were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The wear behavior of the PTFE nanocomposites was explained in terms of the topography of worn surfaces. It was found that the addition of alumina nanoparticles was effective in enhancing the wear resistance of the PTFE nanocomposite.

Tribological and electrical behavior of Cu-based composites with addition of Ti-doped NbSe2 nanoplatelets

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Li ◽  
Qin Shi ◽  
HeJun Zhu ◽  
ChenYu Huang ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reaction Method

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the size and morphology of transition metal dichalcogenides has an impact on lubrication performance of Cu-based composites. This study is intended to show that Cu-based electrical contact materials containing Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 have better electrical and tribological properties than those containing NbSe2. The tribological properties of Cu-based with different Ti-dopped NbSe2 content were also discussed. Design/methodology/approach The NbSe2 and Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 particles were fabricated by thermal solid state reaction method. The powder metallurgy technique was used to fabricate composites with varying Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 mass fraction. The phase composition of Cu-based composites was identified by X-ray diffraction, and the morphology of NbSe2/Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 and the worn surface of composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the tribological properties of composites were appraised using a ball-on-disk multi-functional tribometer. The data of friction coefficient and resistivity were analyzed and the corresponding conclusion was drawn. Findings In comparison with the pure copper, Cu-based composites containing Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2/NbSe2 had a lower friction coefficient, illustrating the Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 with nano-size particles prepared in this work is a perfect choice for the fabrication of excellent electrical contact composites. Compared to composites with NbSe2, composites containing Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 have better tribological and electrical properties. Research limitations/implications Because of the use of thermal solid state reaction method, the size of NbSe2 and Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 is relatively large. Therefore, the fabrication of finer particles of Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 is encouraged. Originality/value In this paper, the authors discuss the tribological and electrical properties of Cu-based composites, and the value of optimum obtained as Nb0.91Ti0.09Se2 content is 15 Wt.%.

Tribological properties of beef tallow as lubricating grease

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juozas Padgurskas ◽  
Raimundas Rukuiža ◽  
Ihor Mandziuk ◽  
Arturas Kupcinskas ◽  
Katerina Prisyazhna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Polymer Additives ◽  
Lubricating Grease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thermally Processed

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the tribological properties of beef tallow grease and improvements therein through modification with special processing, polymeric compounds and additives. Design/methodology/approach Pure original beef tallow grease was used as a biological lubricating grease reference material for the tribological research. Beef tallow was modified and synthesized by adding special biological anti-oxidant additives, LZ anti-wear additives, waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer compounds and thermally processed graphite. Findings Rheometric measurements indicate that the beef tallow grease modification technology used in this study enables control of the synthesis process to produce lubricants with the required microstructure. Investigation results of the tribological properties of differently modified greases show that beef tallow synthesized with polymer additives efficiently operates together with anti-wear additives to reduce friction and wear. The grease compound with thermally processed graphite has good tribological properties at 300 N load levels. The critical load level of lubricating greases could be significantly increased through the use of anti-wear additives and thermally processed graphite. Originality/value Investigation results of the tribological properties of differently modified beef tallow greases show that beef tallow synthesized with polymer additives efficiently operates together with anti-wear additives to reduce friction and wear. The critical load level of lubricating beef tallow greases could be significantly increased using anti-wear additives and thermally processed graphite.

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