The value of online surveys: a look back and a look ahead

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 854-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel R. Evans ◽  
Anil Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Look

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed and critical look at the evolution of online survey research since Evans and Mathur’s (2005) article on the value of online surveys. At that time, online survey research was in its early stages. Also covered are the present and future states of online research. Many conclusions and recommendations are presented. Design/methodology/approach The look back focuses on online surveys, strengths and weaknesses of online surveys, the literature on several aspects of online surveys and online survey best practices. The look ahead focuses on emerging survey technologies and methodologies, and new non-survey technologies and methodologies. Conclusions and recommendations are provided. Findings Online survey research is used more frequently and better accepted by researchers than in 2005. Yet, survey techniques are still regularly transformed by new technologies. Non-survey digital research is also more prominent than in 2005 and can better track actual behavior than surveys can. Hybrid surveys will be widespread in the future. Practical implications The paper aims to provide insights for researchers with different levels of online survey experience. And both academics and practitioners should gain insights. Social implications Adhering to a strong ethics code is vital to gain respondents’ trust and to produce valid results. Originality/value Conclusions and recommendations are offered in these specific areas: defining concepts, understanding the future role of surveys, developing and implementing surveys and a survey code of ethics. The literature review cites more than 200 sources.

scholarly journals Back to the future: challenges of European tourism of tomorrow

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natàlia Ferrer-Roca ◽  
Richard Weston ◽  
Jaume Guia ◽  
Tanja Mihalic ◽  
Dani Blasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tourism Governance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the most recent (or emerging) trends likely to have a major impact in shaping the future of tourism in Europe. Design/methodology/approach The methodology of this paper involved in-depth literature review of European Union policies, initiatives and programs. Also, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key individuals/organisations, mainly at a European level, but also including pertinent global and national tourism organisations. Moreover, an online survey was also conducted and circulated to a wide range of organisations from all 28 EU Member States. Nvivo was used to analyse the documents as well as to conduct a content and thematic analysis of the interviews. Findings This paper identifies five trends associated with the future of tourism in Europe. Those main trends are: evolving visitor demand; marketing; stakeholders and tourism governance; new technologies; and sustainable and responsible tourism. Originality/value This trends paper provides five useful recommendations for the future of tourism in Europe, including: sustainable tourism development, investment in technology, effective tourism governance, enhance Europe's overall destination brand and marketing strategy, and the need for new skills and training.

scholarly journals Conflict-Directed Backjumping Revisited

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 53-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
P. Van Beek
Keyword(s):  
Constraint Satisfaction Problems ◽  
Local Consistency ◽  
Backtracking Search ◽  
Arc Consistency ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Variable Ordering ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Look ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Results

In recent years, many improvements to backtracking algorithms for solving constraint satisfaction problems have been proposed. The techniques for improving backtracking algorithms can be conveniently classified as look-ahead schemes and look-back schemes. Unfortunately, look-ahead and look-back schemes are not entirely orthogonal as it has been observed empirically that the enhancement of look-ahead techniques is sometimes counterproductive to the effects of look-back techniques. In this paper, we focus on the relationship between the two most important look-ahead techniques---using a variable ordering heuristic and maintaining a level of local consistency during the backtracking search---and the look-back technique of conflict-directed backjumping (CBJ). We show that there exists a ``perfect'' dynamic variable ordering such that CBJ becomes redundant. We also show theoretically that as the level of local consistency that is maintained in the backtracking search is increased, the less that backjumping will be an improvement. Our theoretical results partially explain why a backtracking algorithm doing more in the look-ahead phase cannot benefit more from the backjumping look-back scheme. Finally, we show empirically that adding CBJ to a backtracking algorithm that maintains generalized arc consistency (GAC), an algorithm that we refer to as GAC-CBJ, can still provide orders of magnitude speedups. Our empirical results contrast with Bessiere and Regin's conclusion (1996) that CBJ is useless to an algorithm that maintains arc consistency.

scholarly journals Digital Rovaniemi: contemporary and future arctic tourist experiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alix Varnajot
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Interpretive Understanding

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate tourists’ representations of the Arctic through the lens of the photo-sharing social network Instagram. The study focuses on the particular tourist experience of crossing the Arctic Circle in Rovaniemi, Finland, as in tourism, it represents the “official” entry to the Arctic. The study also aims at drawing assumptions about the future experiences of crossing the Arctic Circle, with the development of new technologies such as augmented and virtual realities. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered with netnography methodologies on the Instagram social network. The first stage was the observational part and consisted of “lurking” at specific hashtags and locations, both referring to the Arctic Circle in Rovaniemi. Data were gathered in December 2018 and consisted of images and descriptions of Instagram posts published by users between June 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018, so data collection encompassed both summer and winter seasons. The second stage was the analysis part and involved interpretive understanding, and especially phenomenological sociology. Findings Results show that three dominant representations of the Arctic emerge when tourists cross the Arctic Circle. The region is either seen as a frozen fairytale wonderland due to the close proximity of the Christmas industry, as a far and northern destination participating in the realization of the self, and as a territory where summer weather conditions are not necessarily synonymous with the Arctic. In addition, the study acknowledges the future challenges of conceptualizing “Arctic tourism” due to the development of virtual reality technologies that could provide immersive Arctic experiences outside the region. Originality/value The paper investigates connections between social media studies and tourist experiences in the Arctic context. It also questions the future of Arctic tourist experiences with the development of new technologies enhancing experiences and, thus, potentially threatening the exceptionalism of the Arctic and what makes the region a unique tourism destination.

Frontline backlash: service employees’ deviance from digital processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 936-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Christ-Brendemühl ◽  
Mario Schaarschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Destructive Process ◽  
Online Reservation ◽  
Frontline Service Employees ◽  
Frontline Service

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how the implementation of digital interfaces into service encounters is transforming demands toward frontline service employees. In addition to having the potential to enhance employee–customer interactions, changes related to new technologies can be perceived as stressful by employees and might foster deviation from prescribed processes. Design/methodology/approach Using the transactional theory of stress and coping as a theoretical framework, this paper aims to develop and test a research model to investigate the influence of technology-induced role ambiguity on constructive and destructive process deviance. Data were collected via an online survey of 123 frontline service employees in restaurants that have online reservation systems in use. Findings The results confirm that employee resistance to change fosters role ambiguity, while self-efficacy reduces the latter. Technology-induced role ambiguity leads to both constructive and destructive process deviance. Originality/value By revealing the above relationships, this study contributes to research in services marketing by examining two types of employees’ deviance from customer-facing processes.

Envisioning the future role of librarians: skills, services and information resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philomena W. Mwaniki
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Evolution Of Technology

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the future of academic libraries in the era of new user needs, new skills for staff and services offered. The literature shows the evolution of new technologies and the implications they have on the staff, library services and new user needs. The discussions in this paper are surrounded by conceptualization of what the library products and services will be in future academic libraries. It also looks at future studies that explore opportunities for librarians to advance their professional role. Design/methodology/approach This is a literature-based conceptual paper that draws on a wide range of literature that hypothetically looks at the future roles of professional librarians, the collection, services and the evolution of technology on the new user needs. Findings The library today will give the basis for the future librarian’s role, the emerging user needs and impact of service delivery. Technological advances have also affected the establishment of library systems and services offered. The emerging future roles will generally depend on how advanced the libraries are in the region or country including Kenya. Originality/value This paper adds a flexible approach to the skills, services as a role of future librarians.

scholarly journals Post-pandemic tourism resilience: changes in Italians’ travel behavior and the possible responses of tourist cities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Corbisiero ◽  
Salvatore Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Future

Purpose Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020, the travel sector has faced an intense challenge, making tourism one of the most affected sectors at the time of writing. Based on the results of a survey administered to a sample of 700 Italian tourists, this paper aims to acquire an empirical understanding of key challenges for the travel and tourism sector in the coming months and the possible responses of tourist cities. Design/methodology/approach To study tourism after the pandemic, OUT (University of Naples Tourism Research Center) has created an online survey to answer the following questions: What will tourism be like after the pandemic? What will the main changes in travel behaviors be? What role will new information technologies play in future tourism? Are there territorial differences based on the spread of the virus? Findings The pandemic has inevitably affected everyone’s tourist choices, regardless of how much their specific area of residence has been impacted by the virus. Consequently, it will significantly influence travelers’ experiences. The Italian tourists who were survey respondents are aware that physical distancing rules will probably remain in effect for an extended time and, therefore, they cannot imagine future tourism not conditioned by these measures. This does not mean that Italians will give up tourism in the short-medium term, however. Indeed, the research data highlight the resilient character of tourism in that it is transformed but does not cease to exist. Originality/value By studying the future through a sociological approach, it is possible to identify how the COVID-19 emergency will impact tourism and how both the form and social meaning of mobility will be conditioned. On the basis of the data, the analysis will be directed from the present to the post-pandemic horizon, hypothesizing possible scenarios for the future of tourism and providing some possible policy indications.

The co-evolution of remote work and expectations in a COVID-19 world utilizing an expectation disconfirmation theory lens

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Carraher-Wolverton
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Future ◽  
Expectation Disconfirmation ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
The Impact

Purpose As researchers are being called to examine the evolving technology research issues for COVID-19 and other pandemics, remote work has been accelerated and represents the future of work. Although it is known that one of the top forces shaping the future of work is changing employee expectations, the knowledge of remote work during a pandemic remains scant. Thus, this paper aims to determine the impact of remote worker’s expectations on their level of satisfaction and intention to continue to work remotely. Design/methodology/approach Using one of the prominent theories on expectations, Expectation Disconfirmation Theory (EDT), the authors conduct an online survey of 146 individuals who are currently working remotely. Findings By applying EDT, the findings demonstrate that an individual’s expectations regarding remote work impact their level of satisfaction with remote work and intention to continue to work remotely. Incorporating extant research, the findings extend the research stream to indicate that employees’ expectations about remote work significantly impact both their level of satisfaction and level of productivity. Originality/value The discussion elucidates the significance of understanding employee expectations regarding remote work in the evolving new normal. The findings from the study demonstrate the importance of an individual’s expectations regarding remote work on their level of satisfaction with remote work and intention to continue to work remotely. Thus, this study fills a gap in the literature by applying EDT to the remote work context.

Expectations gap, anticipated regret, and behavior intention in the context of rapid technology evolvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngwook Ha
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Current System ◽  
Anticipated Regret ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Expectations Gap ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Behavior

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the gap between the expected benefit of the current system and that of the future upgraded system affects consumer behavior when adopting a new technology. Design/methodology/approach The study extends the regret theory to establish a structural model of expectations gap, anticipated regret, and behavior intention. Next, it conducts an online survey on the potential users of intelligent closed circuit television for home use. Findings The expected benefit of the current system is not only a direct precedence factor for consumer behavior, but also forms the anticipated regret through comparison with the expected benefit of the upgraded system in the future, thereby proving that this ultimately affects consumer behavior. Originality/value Regret is an interesting emotion that could have significant impact on consumers’ adoption/purchasing behaviors. While there are some studies in the IS literature on regret, it is still understudied. This study analyzes the characteristics of IT products with rapid technological change in terms of consumers’ regret.

scholarly journals Automation, AI and the Future of Work in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Hammer ◽  
Suparna Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work And Employment

PurposeThis research contributes to current debates on automation and the future of work, a much-hyped but under researched area, in emerging economies through a particular focus on India. It assesses the national strategy on artificial intelligence and explores the impact of automation on the Indian labour market, work and employment to inform policy.Design/methodology/approachThe article critically assesses the National Strategy on AI, promulgated by NITI Aayog (a national policy think tank), supported by the government of India and top industry associations, through a sectoral analysis. The key dimensions of the national strategy are examined against scholarship on the political economy of work in India to better understand the possible impact of automation on work.FindingsThe study shows that technology is not free from the wider dynamics that surround the world of work. The adoption of new technologies is likely to occur in niches in the manufacturing and services sectors, while its impact on employment and the labour market more broadly, and in addressing societal inequalities will be limited. The national strategy, however, does not take into account the nature of capital accumulation and structural inequalities that stem from a large informal economy and surplus labour context with limited upskilling opportunities. This raises doubts about the effectiveness of the current policy.Research limitations/implicationsThe critical assessment of new technologies and work has two implications: first, it underscores the need for situated analyses of social and material relations of work in formulating and assessing strategies and policies; second, it highlights the necessity of qualitative workplace studies that examine the relationship between technology and the future of work.Practical implicationsThe article assesses an influential state policy in a key aspect of future of work–automation.Social implicationsThe policy assessed in this study would have significant social and economic outcomes for labour, work and employment in India. The study highlights the limitations of the state policy in addressing key labour market dimensions and work and employment relations in its formulation and implementation.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the impact of automation on work and employment in India. It provides a critical intervention in current debates on future of work from the point of view of an important emerging economy defined by labour surplus and a large informal economy.

Antecedents of tourists’ solo travel intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Longitudinal Methods

Purpose This study aims to empirically investigate the antecedents of tourists’ intentions to continue solo traveling. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), an extended model on solo travel intentions is developed that incorporates variables related to past solo travel experiences, namely, tourist satisfaction, pleasure and self-development. An online survey was applied to 187 solo tourists from different countries. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling. Findings All the variables, except for subjective norms, are significant predictors of tourists’ intentions to continue solo traveling. Results confirm a good explanatory power of the extended TPB model. Research limitations/implications Caution must be exercised with the results as tourists’ actual solo travel behavior may differ from their intentions. Future research may investigate tourists’ actual behavior by using longitudinal methods and include additional demographic variables as antecedents. Originality/value This study empirically investigated the antecedents of tourists’ intentions to continue solo traveling – an under-researched topic. Previous research is mostly exploratory and largely focuses on female solo travelers.

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