Coffee farmers' incentives to comply with sustainability standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-383
Author(s):  
Sylvaine Lemeilleur ◽  
Julie Subervie ◽  
Anderson Edilson Presoto ◽  
Roberta Souza Piao ◽  
Maria Sylvia M. Saes
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
Public Strategies

PurposeThis paper investigates the incentives to coffee farmers to participate in certification schemes that require improved agricultural practices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors ran a choice experiment among 250 Brazilian coffee farmers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.FindingsThe authors’ findings show that both cash and non-cash payments are likely to incentive farmers' participation in a certification scheme. Besides price premium, incentives as long-term contracts and provision of technical would encourage producers to adopt eco-certification schemes. Our results also suggest that non-cash payments may be appropriate substitutes to a price premium to some extent.Research limitations/implicationsThe large coffee producers are over-represented in our sample compared to the population of Brazilian coffee farms. However, it seems reasonable to focus on these producers, as they are usually the ones who individually adopt strategies, since small farmers are induced by collective strategies (e.g. cooperatives).Social implicationsThe result regarding technical assistance makes sense given that Brazilian farmers generally have poor access to rural extension services.Originality/valueWe contributed in the literature about adoption of sustainable agriculture practices analyzing the requirements and motivations for farmer participation in certification schemes. We also contribute private and public strategies to encourage the adoption of sustainable practices.

Impact of COVID-19 on the drivers of cash-based online transactions and consumer behaviour: evidence from a Muslim market

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Falak Khan ◽  
Saad Ateeq ◽  
Momin Ali ◽  
Nouman Butt
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Electronic Commerce Security

Purpose Pakistan is predominantly a cash-based economy, with consumers showing several traits ranging from low confidence on the electronic commerce security, poor access to banking, absence of widespread awareness of e-payments and other religious and psychological barriers to adopting alternatives to cash. This study aims to examine e-payment modes in Pakistan with respect to their impact on supplier and consumer behaviour before and during the pandemic times. Design/methodology/approach The research follows a qualitative approach. Focus groups and interviews are conducted to carry out an in-depth analysis of consumer and supplier behaviour. Findings The findings show that customers are not satisfied with the current e-commerce system in Pakistan, whereas though producers prefer prepayments, they are forced to rely on cash on delivery. However, due to the recent COVID-19 outbreak, consumers are going cashless to avoid physical cash and observe safety protocols. To convert this temporary and enforced patronage of online transactions into a long-term and sustainable one, massive marketing and a combined effort from the government, private bodies and financial institutions is required. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted using online interviews which has the drawback of connection issues, delays and lags in the connectivity, and hence may lead to miss important gestures for data analysis. Originality/value This research can be of benefit to online consumers and the supplier side of the online retail industry, by providing them with insight into the various factors that affect consumer behaviour towards e-commerce payment options. An understanding of the behavioural motivators of consumers will allow e-retailers in developing more marketing strategies that are effective, to improve the satisfaction level of their customers and contribute to the development of Pakistan’s e-commerce sector into a globally competitive one.

Rent dynamics in France between 1970 and 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Alexis Pourcelot ◽  
Alain Coën ◽  
Richard Malle ◽  
Arnaud Simon
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Hedonic Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Rent ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Housing Research

Purpose The purpose of this study is to highlight the determinants of market rents and to build a hedonic market rent index for each urban area and rental sector in France for the period 1970–2013. The authors also analyse the market rent dynamics over this period, with a special attention to the turning points in the French housing policy. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the authors implement a hedonic model, called stratified time dummy variable, using the Box–Cox transformation as a functional form. Findings The contribution of this study to the housing research is threefold: First, the study improves our understanding of the French’s rental submarket specificities and their valuation. It sheds new light on the determinants of rents. Second, this study builds a hedonic market rent index over the period 1970–2013 for each geographical and sectoral segment (Paris urban area, urban areas of more and less than 100,000 inhabitants and private and public rental sectors). Third, this study explains rent dynamics focusing on the turning points in the French housing policy. Originality/value Finally, the authors provide the first long-term market rent index in France by submarket (geographical and sectoral). In the case of the French market, no long-term market rent exists. The only long series available is an indexed rent.

scholarly journals Analysis of the characteristics of connotation evolution of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics in the 70 years since the founding of New China

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Yongmu Jiang ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Zhang Xiaolei
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Agricultural Structure ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Solid Foundation

PurposeWith the development of social productive forces and the advancement of agricultural practices since the founding of New China, the connotation of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics has undergone a process from formation to continuous expansion and deepening.Design/methodology/approachIts evolution can be roughly divided into four stages: the exploration stage, the formation stage, the establishment stage and the deepening stage. The historical evolution of the connotation of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics demonstrates four typical characteristics, namely increasingly scientific logical premise, continuously diversified orientations, increasingly improved core contents and progressively maturing strategies of development.FindingsThe achievements of agricultural modernization have laid a solid foundation for China's industrial modernization and the rapid development of the national economy. Meanwhile, the authors have identified through practical exploration a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics. In recent years, academic research on the connotation of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics has gradually heated up, and relevant achievements have emerged constantly.Originality/valueThe Communist Party of China (hereinafter “CPC”) has placed considerable emphasis on agricultural issues and has been committed to promoting agricultural modernization since the founding of New China. Through long-term persistence and unremitting efforts, China has made remarkable achievements in agricultural development: significantly improved agricultural production conditions and agricultural output capacity, constantly optimized agricultural structure and steadily increased the income of farmers.

Job preferences of business and economics students

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Demel ◽  
Petr Mariel ◽  
Jürgen Meyerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Random Parameter ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Job Preferences ◽  
Economics Students ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Random Parameter Logit ◽  
Career Prospect ◽  
Random Parameter Logit Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elicit young economists’ job preferences through the use of a choice experiment (CE). Design/methodology/approach A CE conducted at a total of five universities in Spain, the Czech Republic and Germany. After estimating a random parameter logit model, the monetary value of the willingness to accept a specific job attribute is simulated. Findings The most important job characteristic, consistent across countries and universities, is a long-term career prospect at the company. Originality/value This is the first CE conducted on business and economics students’ job preferences in three European countries. Using the same survey instrument allows for the comparison of students’ job preferences across countries and also between private and public universities.

Key issues for tourism development – the AM-UNWTO contribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Perdomo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Research Initiatives

Purpose This paper aims to present the contribution of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Afiliate Members’ Programme, its knowledge generation, prototypes and research initiatives to promote tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the activities and projects of the UNWTO, as they generate market knowledge, promote competitive and sustainable tourism policies and instruments, foster tourism education and training and work to make tourism an effective tool for development through technical assistance projects in over 100 countries around the world. Findings The UNWTO Affiliate Members Programme serves as the major gateway for the collaboration between the private and public sectors, working together for the development of tourism. Bringing together over 470 companies, educational and research institutions, destinations and NGOs, this interactive platform provides a space for members to engage in dialogue, share information and take further action. Practical implications The UNWTO Affiliate Members Programme has identified some key focus areas for the overall development of tourism and accordingly designed public–private models of collaboration that can be applied in practice. Originality/value UNWTO offers a unique platform to stimulate public–private and academic partnerships in creation, dissemination and application of knowledge in tourism, focusing specifically on innovation.

Dual-isotope single-photon emission computerized tomography scanning in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: association with patient survival and histopathological characteristics of tumor after high-dose radiotherapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Schwartz ◽  
B. Leonard Holman ◽  
Joseph F. Polak ◽  
Basem M. Garada ◽  
Marc S. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The study was conducted to determine the association between dual-isotope single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scanning and histopathological findings of tumor recurrence and survival in patients treated with high-dose radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Methods. Studies in which SPECT with 201Tl and 99mTc-hexamethypropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) were used were performed 1 day before reoperation in 47 patients with glioblastoma multiforme who had previously been treated by surgery and high-dose radiotherapy. Maximum uptake of 201Tl in the lesion was expressed as a ratio to that in the contralateral scalp, and uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO was expressed as a ratio to that in the cerebellar cortex. Patients were stratified into groups based on the maximum radioisotope uptake values in their tumor beds. The significance of differences in patient gender, histological characteristics of tissue at reoperation, and SPECT uptake group with respect to 1-year survival was elucidated by using the chi-square statistic. Comparisons of patient ages and time to tumor recurrence as functions of 1-year survival were made using the t-test. Survival data at 1 year were presented according to the Kaplan—Meier method, and the significance of potential differences was evaluated using the log-rank method. The effects of different variables (tumor type, time to recurrence, and SPECT grouping) on long-term survival were evaluated using Cox proportional models that controlled for age and gender. All patients in Group I (201Tl ratio < 2 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio < 0.5) showed radiation changes in their biopsy specimens: they had an 83.3% 1-year survival rate. Group II patients (201T1 ratio < 2 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio of ≥ 0.5 or 201Tl ratio between 2 and 3.5 regardless of 99mTc-HMPAO ratio) had predominantly infiltrating tumor (66.6%); they had a 29.2% 1-year survival rate. Almost all of the patients in Group III (201Tl ratio > 3.5 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio ≥ 0.5) had solid tumor (88.2%) and they had a 6.7% 1-year survival rate. Histological data were associated with 1-year survival (p < 0.01); however, SPECT grouping was more closely associated with 1-year survival (p < 0.001) and was the only variable significantly associated with long-term survival (p < 0.005). Conclusions. Dual-isotope SPECT data correlate with histopathological findings made at reoperation and with survival in patients with malignant gliomas after surgical and high-dose radiation therapy.

Long-term management of patients with multiple brain metastases after shaped beam radiosurgery

2004 ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
Paul Okunieff ◽  
Michael C. Schell ◽  
Russell Ruo ◽  
E. Ronald Hale ◽  
Walter G. O'Dell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Multiple Metastases ◽  
Extracranial Disease ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
The Brain

✓ The role of radiosurgery in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage metastatic disease is currently under debate. Previous randomized studies have not consistently supported the use of radiosurgery to treat patients with numbers of brain metastases. In negative-results studies, however, intracranial tumor control was high but extracranial disease progressed; thus, patient survival was not greatly affected, although neurocognitive function was generally maintained until death. Because the future promises improved systemic (extracranial) therapy, the successful control of brain disease is that much more crucial. Thus, for selected patients with multiple metastases to the brain who remain in good neurological condition, aggressive lesion-targeting radiosurgery should be very useful. Although a major limitation to success of this therapy is the lack of control of extracranial disease in most patients, it is clear that well-designed, aggressive treatment substantially decreases the progression of brain metastases and also improves neurocognitive survival. The authors present the management and a methodology for rational treatment of a patient with breast cancer who has harbored 24 brain metastases during a 3-year period.

Spinal meningioma after treatment for Hodgkin disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Martin ◽  
Christopher J. Hammond ◽  
H. Jane Dobbs ◽  
Safa Al-Sarraj ◽  
Nicholas W. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Disease ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Combined Modality Treatment ◽  
Spinal Meningioma ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Long Term Survivors

✓ Long-term survivors of Hodgkin disease may develop second primary tumors caused by the mutagenic effects of radio- and chemotherapy. The authors describe the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with an unusual meningioma of the cervical spine 9 years after undergoing combined-modality treatment for Hodgkin disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of spinal meningioma as a complication of such therapy. Whereas radiation-induced intracranial meningiomas are well described in the literature, treatment-induced meningiomas of the spine have not been widely recognized.

The environmental programme for the Danube River Basin

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Rodda
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Danube River Basin

The Programme has the objective of providing a regional approach to environmental management in the Danube River Basin where there is great pressure from a diverse range of human activities. Serious pollution problems exist from urban populations, from industry, and from intensive agricultural practices. Although the water quality of the main Danube river is probably better than the Rhine because of its greater flow, the same is not the case in the tributaries where there the problems are more serious. A factor which makes a compelling case for a regional approach is the deterioration of the Black Sea into which the main Danube river discharges significant loads of nutrients and a range of non-degradable contaminants. The application of limited financial resources will require fine judgement about the high priority pollution sources that will lead to cost-effective improvements. This action, and other technical assistance, also requires a considerable effort to strengthen the organisations having responsibility for environmental management, and to develop effective public participation. The paper emphasises the water pollution problems in the river basin.

scholarly journals Effect of ecological and conventional managements on soil enzymatic activities in coffee agroecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-428
Author(s):  
Johana Juliet Caballero Vanegas ◽  
Karen Bibiana Mejía Zambrano ◽  
Lizeth Manuela Avellaneda-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Coffee Agroecosystems ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatase

ABSTRACT Understanding the impacts of agricultural practices on soil quality indicators, such as enzymatic activities, is of great importance, in order to advance in their diagnosis and sustainable management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ecological and conventional agricultural managements on enzymatic activities of a soil under coffee agroecosystems. The enzymatic activities were associated with the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (urease and protease), phosphorus (acid and alkaline phosphatase) and carbon (β-glucosidase), during the rainy and dry seasons. Physical-chemical soil proprieties were also assessed and related to resilience scores linked to the climatic variability reported for the areas under study. The activities of urease, alkaline and acid phosphatase and ß-glucosidase were statistically higher in ecological agroecosystems than in conventional ones. This may be attributed to the greater application of organic waste in the ecological environment, as well as to the absence of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, which allow better conditions for the microbial activity. The resilience scores to the climate variability that showed the highest correlations with the assessed enzymatic activities were: the farmers' knowledge on soil microorganisms, non-use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers and non-dependence on external supplies. It was concluded that the enzymatic activities are modified by the management systems, being specifically favored by the ecological management. This agroecosystem, in the long term, ensures an efficient use of the soil resources, with a lower degradation and contamination.

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