Agricultural disaster programs and family farm labor supply in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Wu ◽  
Hung-Hao Chang ◽  
Lih-Chyun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
On Farm

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of disaster relief payments on on-farm and off-farm labor supply of farm households in Taiwan. The effectiveness of the policy amendments of the disaster relief assistance programs is also examined.Design/methodology/approachA unique sample of 124,827 persons living in the family farm household in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 was used. This sample was merged into the township-level administrative profile of all of the recipients of agricultural disaster relief payments from the Natural Disaster Program in Taiwan. A fixed effect panel data model was estimated to analyze the impacts of disaster relief payments on each individual’s labor supply decision.FindingsNatural disaster payments significantly reduced individual’s propensity to work on the farm. Moreover, the higher of the payments, the higher(lower) possibility of the individual to engage in on-farm(off-farm) work. In addition, an increase in the amount of disaster payments can increase the on-farm labor supply of family farm members.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data unavailability, an individual-level panel data set is not used. Future studies can check the robustness of the finding using an individual-level panel data set.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the limited empirical evidence on agricultural relief programs.

Modeling debt choice in agriculture: the effect of endogenous asset values

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bampasidou ◽  
Ashok K. Mishra ◽  
Charles B. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Values ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Non Parametric

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the endogeneity of asset values and how it relates to farm financial stress in US agriculture. The authors conceptualize an implied measure of farm financial stress as a function of debt position. The authors posit that there are variations in the asset values that are beyond the farmer’s control and therefore have implications on farm debt. Design/methodology/approach The framework recognizes the endogeneity of return on assets (ROA). It uses a non-parametric technique to approximate the variance of expected ROA (VEROA). The authors model the rate of return on agricultural assets and interest rate with a formulation that focuses on macroeconomic policy. Further, the authors use a dynamic balanced panel data set from 1960 to 2011 for 15 US agricultural states from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey, and information from traditional state-level financial statements. Findings Estimation of linear dynamic debt panel data models accounting for the endogeneity of ROA and VEROA is a challenging task. Estimated variances are unstable. Hence, the authors focus on variance specification that uses the residuals squared from the ARIMA specification and non-parametric estimators. Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond generalized method of moments estimation procedures, although may be biased, show that VEROA has a negative and significant effect on the total amount of debt in the agricultural sector. Research limitations/implications The instruments used in this analysis are lagged regressors which may be weakly correlated with the relevant first-order condition, hence not properly identifying the parameters of interest. Future research could include the identification of better instruments, potentially use of sequential moment conditions. Originality/value Unlike previous study, the authors use non-parametric approximation of VEROA. The authors model the rate of return on agricultural assets and interest rate with a formulation that focuses on macroeconomic policy. Second, the authors make use of a large dynamic balanced panel data set from 1960 to 2011 for 15 agricultural states in the USA. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few that provides evidence on risk-balancing behavior at the agricultural sector level, of the USA.

Czech civil sector face-to-face with freelance activism

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 774-791
Author(s):  
Pavol Frič ◽  
Martin Vávra
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Activism ◽  
Civil Sector ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer following question: what is the relationship between member activism performed through civil society organizations (CSOs) and individualized freelance activism (in form of online activism, everyday making, political consumerism or checkbook activism) independent of organizational framework? Is it a relationship of mutual competition or support? Design/methodology/approach Analysis is carried out on data from 2009 questionnaire-based survey on volunteering, representative for adult Czech population. The data set allowed the authors to relate member activism with freelance activism and in case of member activism distinguish the type of organization and the level of its professionalization. Findings Dominant pattern the authors identified in data is mutual support of both types of volunteering documented by significant overlap of these forms of public engagement. The most striking is the overlap for active members of new advocacy NGOs and the weakest for traditional clubs. Regression analysis shows that on an individual level “mixed activism” (compared with “pure freelance activism”) is linked with higher education and higher confidence in civic organizations. Originality/value The civil practice of individualized freelance activism was described and analysed by various authors as an activity of specific types of activist, but there has not yet been any research giving reflection on such a large scale of freelance activism types as in the analysis. The authors set them together in contrast to the member (collective, organized) form of civic activism and also took into account the influence of professionalization and type of CSOs.

Exchange rate effects on agricultural exports

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-621
Author(s):  
Rui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Rate Effects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend empirical investigations of the relationship between real exchange rates and agricultural exports to the firm-product-country level with the use of disaggregated panel data of China’s food industry. In particular, the study aims to explore heterogeneities in the export response to real exchange rates across firms, destinations and products, as well as to differentiate responses on the intensive and extensive margins. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilizes a merged panel data set of firm-product-country level transaction records of China’s agricultural exports with firm-level survey data of the food industry. Panel regression models are constructed to identify empirical relationships. Findings Real appreciations are found to reduce export quantities and the probability to enter destination markets. These impacts are enhanced in 2005 when China unexpectedly depegged yuan from the USD. In addition, real appreciations in 2005 also reduced the yuan-denominated export price and increased firms’ probability to exit destination markets. Taking the exchange rate reform as a natural experiment, evidence suggests that the negative exchange rate effects on exports are robust to the endogeneity issue. Finally, heterogeneous export responses are identified with respect to firm productivities and ownerships, income levels and locations of destination markets, as well as product groups. Originality/value This paper provides first-hand evidence on how real exchange rates influence agricultural exports at the firm-product-country level. A featured contribution is that China’s exchange rate reform in 2005 is utilized to alleviate the typical concern of endogeneity. Findings may benefit policy makers, for example, by identifying firms most vulnerable to real appreciations.

Board gender diversity and US corporate bonds

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Oyotode-Adebile ◽  
Zubair Ali Raja
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women Participation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of board gender diversity on bond terms and bondholders’ returns. Design/methodology/approach The authors perform pooled OLS regression, simultaneous regressions and propensity score matching to a panel data set of bond data for 319 US firms from 2007 to 2014. Findings The authors find that firms with gender-diverse boards have lower yields, higher ratings, larger issue size and shorter maturity. They also find that bondholders require fewer returns from firms with gender-diverse boards. However, the effect is more pronounced when women, constitutes at least 29.67 percent of the board. Originality/value This analysis supplements the findings that board gender diversity is essential for bondholders. It shows that bondholders should look at board gender diversity as a criterion to invest because bonds issued by firms with gender-diverse board have less risk. For practitioners, this study shows that more women participation on boards leads to a reduction in borrowing costs.

Impact of occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture on farm business income in source households of Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561-1576
Author(s):  
Bodrul Islam ◽  
Pradyut Guha
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Unskilled Labourer

PurposeThe present study aims at examining the determinants of occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture and their impact on farm business income (FBI) in Assam, India.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data for this study were collected during June–November, 2019 from 224 farm (cultivator) households in two contiguous districts in central Brahmaputra valley of Assam. The study used three-stage least square (3SLS) estimation technique for jointly determining the factors influencing migration and remittances and their impact on FBI.FindingsThe result of this study confirms that occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture significantly reduced household FBI. In contrast to the inflow of remittances from migrants helped in increasing the FBI. The migration in the study area considerably influenced by household size, total value of assets holding, networking influence, distance to commercial bank and flood proneness of the village; while the number of migrants, number of dependents and age of migrants seen to be strong predictor of inflow of remittances. Findings of present study offer evidence in support of the new economics of labour migration (NELM) theory.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is restricted to a single crop (paddy) and constrained by the collection of longitudinal data with a revisit to the farm household pre and post-migration of the unskilled labourer from household agriculture.Originality/valueThis paper is based on a novel data set that has especially been collected to examine the determinants of occupational migration from agriculture and their impact on the FBI in Assam that has not been studied before.

OCB-E among Chinese employees of different contract types

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Ren ◽  
Guiyao Tang ◽  
Andrea Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Moral Attentiveness ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Individual

PurposeDrawing on a motivational model of proactive behavior, this study theorizes that employment status, reflective moral attentiveness (RMA), and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) constitute the can-do, reason-to, and energized-to motivational states, which interact to induce organizational citizenship behavior toward the environment (OCB-E).Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted random coefficient modeling (RCM) analysis with a multisource, time-lagged data set collected from 235 employees in Chinese firms.FindingsThis RCM analysis found that more OCB-E resulted from standard employees with higher levels of RMA and OBSE.Originality/valueThe value of this research lies in understanding of the antecedents of green behavior at the individual level by identifying specific motivational states and highlighting the coexistence of motivational states in predicting OCB-E. These findings provide new insight into the theory of developing and managing green OCB performers in today's workplace characterized by workforce mixing.

Do board interlocks support monitoring effectiveness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1278-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Handschumacher ◽  
Maximilian Behrmann ◽  
Willi Ceschinski ◽  
Remmer Sassen
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Board Interlocks ◽  
Performance Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness for listed German companies in a context of risk governance. While agency-theory and resource-dependence-theory suggest a positive association between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness, reasons such as limited temporal resources of busy board members may suggest a negative association. Design/methodology/approach By using panel data regression, the authors examined the association between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness, which was approximated by excessive management compensation, pay-for-performance-sensitivity and CEO turnover-performance-sensitivity. The data set comprises 3,998 directorships for 132 listed German companies covering the period 2015-2017. Findings The authors find that board interlocks are associated with not only a more excessive management pay and less performance-sensitive turnover but also a higher pay-for-performance-sensitivity. Originality/value The study examines the impact of multiple directorships based on a German panel data set that includes both multiple appointments of members to national supervisory boards and all other appointments to national and international executive and supervisory bodies. The authors compile three measures to operationalize monitoring effectiveness.

scholarly journals The effects of financial inclusion on agricultural productivity in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajide Fowowe
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Data Estimation

PurposeFarmers are the largest group of financially excluded persons in Nigeria, thereby highlighting the supply shortfall in finance to agriculture in Nigeria. Availability of finance would go a long way in improving output and productivity in agriculture, and consequently help in reducing poverty. This study conducts an empirical investigation of the effects of financial inclusion on agricultural productivity in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThis study makes use of the Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). This is a new data set on agricultural households which contains information on agricultural activities and various household activities, including banking, savings and insurance behaviour. Considering the data are such that there are observations for households over three time periods, the study exploits the time series and cross-section dimension of the data by using panel data estimation.FindingsThe empirical results of the study show that financial inclusion, irrespective of how it is measured, has exerted positive and statistically significant effects on agricultural productivity in Nigeria.Originality/valueWhile considerable research has been conducted to examine how finance affects broad macroeconomic aggregates, little is known about the effects of finance at the household and individual level. It is important to explicitly account for financial inclusion when examining the effects of finance on individuals and households. This study improves on existing research and offers new insights into the effects of financial inclusion on the economic activities of agricultural households in Nigeria.

Linking bank regulatory capital buffer to business cycle fluctuations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolade Sunday Adesina ◽  
John Muteba Mwamba
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Revenue Diversification ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cyclical Behavior

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assist bank regulators in Africa who are currently considering the implementation of Basel III countercyclical capital buffer (CCB) requirement. Design/methodology/approach Using a panel data set of 129 commercial banks operating in 14 African countries over the period 2004–2014, this paper estimates the system generalized method of moments regression to examine the impact of business cycle on banks’ regulatory capital buffers and attempts to identify the influence of bank revenue diversification, market power and cost of funding (CF) on bank regulatory capital buffers. It further carries out some robustness analyses using a panel data set of 257 commercial banks in 23 African countries over the period 2004–2014. Findings The results show that higher regulatory capital buffers are associated with higher market power, higher revenue diversification and higher CF. Additionally, the results show significant evidence of procyclical behavior of bank capital buffers (BUFs) in the sampled countries. Practical implications The results of this study suggest that African banking systems are not exposed to contagion and systemic risks arising from countercyclical movements of BUFs to the real economy. Therefore, this study does not support the implementation of the Basel III CCB requirement in the sampled African countries. Originality/value Considering that the results of existing studies on the cyclical behavior of BUFs are inconclusive, there is value in studying the cyclical movements of bank regulatory capital buffers in a set of countries that has not been analyzed before. Toward this direction, this is the first empirical study focusing on the cyclical behavior of bank regulatory capital buffers in Africa. Besides examining the cyclical behavior of bank regulatory capital buffers, this paper further investigates the effects of bank revenue diversification, market power and CF on bank regulatory capital buffers.

scholarly journals Effect of input credit on smallholder farmers’ output and income

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Iddrisu ◽  
Isaac Gershon Kodwo Ansah ◽  
Paul Kwame Nkegbe
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
On Farm

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of input credit on smallholder farmers’ output and income using Masara N’Arziki support project in Northern Ghana. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional primary data set was used to estimate the effect of project participation on farm output, yield and income using propensity score matching (PSM) methods. Findings The findings are that project participation is skewed towards experienced farmers with big-sized households and farms. The effect of project on outcomes is somewhat unsatisfactory in the sense that participation only raises output and yield, but not income. Research limitations/implications The paper only examined the project effect on farm outcomes among smallholder farmers participating in the programme in just one operational area in the Northern region. Future research should consider all the operational areas for an informed generalisation of findings. Practical implications Greater benefits to farmers from programme participation would require project management to review the contractual arrangement so that the high cost of input credit is significantly reduced. Originality/value The paper applied the PSM to estimate the effect of project participation on farm output, yield and income among smallholder farmers which is non-existent in the literature on the study area, at least as far as we know. This paper can inform future policy on the direction and nature of support for smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document