An inventory model for fish marketing under uncertain lockdown situation and normal backordering situation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuppulakshmi V ◽  
Sugapriya C ◽  
Nagarajan Deivanayagam Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Fish Marketing

PurposeThis research formulated to obtain the optimum ordered quantity and optimum inventory range of fish products under the conditions: (1) fully back ordered (lockdown) and (2) partial back ordered (normal geographical market). In both the cases, due to the deterioration nature and in quarantine situation some vendors are not able to satisfy the customers (retailers). So in this model, the cost of penalty is introduced in quarantine time to obtain the optimal total cost.Design/methodology/approachTo find the total cost, holding cost, shortage cost and deterioration cost have to be considered. There are so many disadvantages in holding the deteriorating food products. Due to the demand and deterioration, the holding cost of the fish products is determined. The supply chain of fish marketing process to find the optimum total cost and optimum back ordered quantity in the two situations, namely, (1) normal backordering and (2) Quarantine period is explained.FindingsThe conclusion of this research is exhibited for the uncertain lockdown situation and the normal geographical markets. But in both the cases, the demand function is dependent on the backorder quantity. The expected total cost of the retailers of fish products increased at the least possible range with the increase in the shortage parameter, cost of penalty and variance. But the change in mean value leads to decreasing in the back ordered quantity, inventory level and the annual total cost of the retailers. This analysis contributes to the service of supply chain from wholesaler to retailer in high level.Research limitations/implicationsFish products are very essential for nourishment and economic spread in India. This study has spotlight the efficient method for reducing the total cost of the retailers of fish marketing. The cost of deterioration of fish is high because of its perishable nature. Due to lockdown situation, the holding cost of the fish products depends upon the backordered quantity of geographical market of fish.Practical implicationsThis research formulated to obtain the optimum ordered quantity and optimum inventory range of fish products under the conditions: (1) fully back ordered (lockdown) and (2) partial back ordered (normal geographical market).Social implicationsDue to lockdown situation, the holding cost of the fish products depends upon the backordered quantity of geographical market of fish. This research formulated to obtain the optimum ordered quantity and optimum inventory range of fish products.Originality/valueThis research formulated to obtain the optimum ordered quantity and optimum inventory range of fish products under the conditions: (1) fully back ordered (lockdown) and (2) partial back ordered (normal geographical market). In both the cases, due to the deterioration nature and in quarantine situation some vendors are not able to satisfy the customers (retailers). So in this model, the cost of penalty is introduced in quarantine time to obtain the optimal total cost. A few number of sensitivity analysis are carried out for deterioration rate, shortage parameter and cost of penalty to indicate the existence of total cost in the least possible range.

Positive behavioural support for children and adolescents with learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges: an initial exploration of service use and costs

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Iemmi ◽  
Martin Knapp ◽  
Caroline Reid ◽  
Catherine Sholl ◽  
Monique Ferdinand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Behavioural Support ◽  
Delphi Exercise ◽  
The Cost

Purpose Positive behavioural support has been considered as a valuable alternative to residential care for children and adolescents with learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges. While recent evidence suggests it has a positive impact on behaviour and carer ability to cope, there is little evidence of its economic costs or benefits. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the cost of providing positive behavioural support to ten children and adolescents with learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges living in the community in Ealing, West London. Comparison was also made with the cost estimate of possible alternative support packages for children and adolescents with learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges in the UK, as obtained through a Delphi exercise. Findings Total cost of services per child was £1,454 per week for young people supported short-term, and £1,402 supported long-term. Children and adolescents were making use of a range of social care, education and health services. Over the full sample, half of the total cost was accounted for by education services. The Delphi exercise estimated the weekly cost of residential-based care as more expensive than the cost of community-based care for children and adolescents with learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges. At the end of the ITSBS, all ten children and adolescents initially at risk of imminent residential placement were living in the community with less service-intensive and less expensive support. This suggests that avoiding residential-based care could reduce costs in the long term. Originality/value Positive behavioural support has potential to support people with learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges in the community, leading to potential cost advantages. However, this is a small study and more robust research is needed.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling for optimizing the blood supply chain network

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Rahimzadeh Dehaghani ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Rohullah Sultanie ◽  
Tawiah Kwatekwei Quartey-Papafio
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Supply Chain Network ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Blood Supply Chain ◽  
The Cost

PurposeThis research studies a location-allocation problem considering the m/m/m/k queue model in the blood supply chain network. This supply chain includes three levels of suppliers or donors, main blood centers (laboratories for separation, storage and distribution centers) and demand centers (hospitals and private clinics). Moreover, the proposed model is a multi-objective model including minimizing the total cost of the blood supply chain (the cost of unmet demand and inventory spoilage, the cost of transport between collection centers and the main centers of blood), minimizing the waiting time of donors in blood donating mobile centers, and minimizing the establishment of mobile centers in potential places.Design/methodology/approachSince the problem is multi-objective and NP-Hard, the heuristic algorithm NSGA-II is proposed for Pareto solutions and then the estimation of the parameters of the algorithm is described using the design of experiments. According to the review of the previous research, there are a few pieces of research in the blood supply chain in the field of design queue models and there were few works that tried to use these concepts for designing the blood supply chain networks. Also, in former research, the uncertainty in the number of donors, and also the importance of blood donors has not been considered.FindingsA novel mathematical model guided by the theory of linear programming has been proposed that can help health-care administrators in optimizing the blood supply chain networks.Originality/valueBy building upon solid literature and theory, the current study proposes a novel model for improving the supply chain of blood.

Enterprise Inventory Management and Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 874-878
Author(s):  
Yun Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Third ◽  
Inventory Strategy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation Cost

Inventory is an important link in supply chain, according to characteristics and objectives of inventory control, the reasonable safety inventory, order point, the highest inventory and inventory strategy were determined based on historical sales data. Using Witness simulation software, the optimal strategy was selected from nine inventory strategies by running simulation model for one year. If goods shortage was allowing, the seventh schemes (72000,158100) was better ,the minimum total cost was 888158 yuan ; considering allowing a small amount of shortage, the cost of eighth schemes ( 82000,158100) was least of 1095167; the third scenarios (92000,138100) was selected if without shortage, and the minimum total cost was 1254909 yuan. This shows, the application of computer simulation to assist in the management of inventory is scientific and feasible, it can help enterprises to save the order and operation cost.

Revenue Sharing in a Two-Stage Supply Chain with Linear Stepwise Unit Inventory Holding Cost

2011 ◽  
pp. 254-274
Author(s):  
Jing Hou ◽  
Amy Z. Zeng ◽  
Lindu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Sequential Optimization ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Channel Relationship ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
Inventory Holding Cost ◽  
Inventory Holding ◽  
Optimization Mechanism

In this chapter we focus on examining the coordination mechanisms for a two-stage supply chain comprising one supplier and one retailer. We consider such a channel relationship that the transaction quantity between the two members is sensitive to the supplier’s inventory level and that the supplier’s unit inventory holding cost has a linear stepwise structure. We devise a coordinated revenue-sharing contract with bargaining so that each party’s respective profit is better than that resulted from the simple sequential optimization mechanism. The key contract parameters, namely the supplier’s inventory level and the retailer’s revenue-sharing fraction, are obtained and analyzed. Numerical illustrations of the contracts are given and shed lights on how the supply chain should coordinate in order to gain better performance.

A novel optimisation model in the collaborative supply chain with production time capacity consideration

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridwan Andi Purnomo ◽  
Adhe Rizky Anugerah ◽  
Salvia Fatma Aulia ◽  
Abdullah ‘Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Penalty Cost ◽  
Optimisation Model

Purpose This study aims to propose an optimal procurement model of the collaborative supply chain in the furniture industry. The final output is the total cost minimisation to produce a furniture product that covers material cost, processing cost, transportation cost and holding cost. Therefore, if companies can give the best value to customers at a low cost, then competitive advantages can be achieved. Design/methodology/approach A genetic algorithm (GA) as a metaheuristic approach was used to solve problems in this research. The optimisation was initiated by developing a mathematical model to formulate the objective function. Findings Based on the case study, the proposed GA model was able to reduce the total cost of production. The cost was reduced by 73.09% compared to the existing system. Besides, the production time of the proposed model is within the capacity of both companies; hence, no penalty cost is imposed. Practical implications The proposed GA model has been implemented and tested to minimise production costs in the Indonesian furniture industry. Originality/value To the best of author knowledge, there is no research has proposed an optimisation model that incorporates production cost, transportation cost and production time capacity together in the collaborative supply chain. This research is the first to collaborate these factors using GA in the furniture industry.

Comparative multi criteria analysis and dependent optimisation through integrated supply chain

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sharma ◽  
Akshat Sisodia
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Inventory Policies ◽  
Inventory Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Service Level ◽  
Integrated Supply Chain ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare various inventory policies and their effect on various performance metrics at different levels of a multi stage supply chain. Later the model is integrated to include optimization of entire supply chain through implementation of collaborative supply chain model. Design/methodology/approach – Alternative inventory policies have been developed at different echelons and a comparison reflecting the usability on various factors such as inventory level, inventory cost and service level is presented so as to support the decision-making process. Various inventory policies such as economic order quantity, periodic ordering (T, M) and stock to demand have been considered. Along with the basic assumptions; lead time, demand variability, variability in demand during lead time, stock out costs have also been included to make the model more applicable to practical situations. Findings – After the selection of most appropriate inventory policy at each level through a decision matrix, the total cost of operating such a supply chain is calculated along with other parameters such as service level and inventory turns. The approach is of aggregating the optimized value at each echelon referred to as aggregated supply chain in the paper. Then the concept of integrated supply chain is introduced which optimizes the supply chain as a whole, rather than aggregating local optima. The comparison is made between the two approaches that prove the integrated supply chain's superiority. Furthermore, dependent optimization is run as it is not practically possible for each echelon to optimize at the same time. Originality/value – Each echelon is allowed to optimize at a time and other echelons assume corresponding values. This final comparative multi criterion analysis is based on the three factors, i.e. inventory cost, customer service level and inventory turnover with different weights assigned to each factor at different levels of a supply chain. Finally a consolidation of results is made to reflect the overall preference which proves that an integrated supply chain best serves all the parameters combined together.

Effect of ISO 9001 non-conformity process on cost of poor quality in capital-intensive sectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Chiarini
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Periodic Maintenance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Cost Of Poor Quality

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there are differences in terms of the effect of the ISO 9001 non-conformity process on the cost of poor quality in different sectors. In particular, to investigate the effect on six sectors of companies which manufacture their products mainly through machines and plant (i.e. capital-intensive companies). An additional aim is to understand what the reasons for these differences are and why ISO 9001 has limitations in reducing the different categories of costs of poor quality. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a questionnaire administered to a sample of 42 companies divided into six different sectors: chemical, pharmaceutical, mechanical, food, ceramic and steel. Respondents were asked to give a percentage score for the contribution the ISO 9001 non-conformity process makes to the reduction in total cost of poor quality and to its categories: scrap, rework, machine stoppage, re-inspections, rejected products and recall cost. A one-way Anova test was applied to the means of the percentage scores to determine whether there are differences between the means of the total cost of poor quality and its categories. Qualitative comments and suggestions from the companies provided information that helped explain the reasons for such differences. Findings – The results of the research show that there is no difference within and between the sectors in the means of the total cost of poor quality and scrap cost, whereas there are significant differences in the means of the other costs of poor quality between the six sectors. The ISO 9001 non-conformity process has limitations in reducing the costs of poor quality and suggestions concerning the limitations of ISO 9001 in the Research and Development process emerge. Research limitations/implications – The generalizability of the research findings is limited because of the use of just six sectors of capital-intensive companies. Further research about differences in different sectors is needed. Practical implications – The implications of this research are useful for consultants and managers who want to understand what the limitations of the ISO 9001 non-conformity process are on the cost of poor quality in the six sectors. The findings clearly show how, together with ISO 9001, they should take into account other improvement processes such as periodic maintenance and revamping. Originality/value – The paper discusses in a quantitative way and for the first time the effects of the ISO 9001 non-conformity process on the cost of poor quality.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of TB treatments to Burmese and Laotian patients by Thai hospitals on the border with Myanmar and Laos

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Onn Laingoen ◽  
Tawatchai Apidechkul ◽  
Panupong Upala ◽  
Ratipark Tamornpark ◽  
Chaleerat Foungnual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and care in two Thai hospitals located on the borders with Myanmar and Laos. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective data collection was conducted to analyze all costs relevant to TB treatment and care from Mae Sai and Chiang Sean Hospitals. The cost related to TB treatment and care and the number of successful TB treatment from January 1 to December 31, 2017 were used for the calculation. The cost-effectiveness ratio (C/E) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were the outcomes. Findings In 2017, the total cost of the TB treatment and care program at Mae Sai Hospital was 482,728.94 baht for 57 TB patients. The cast per treated case per year was 8,468.93 baht. The C/E was 10,971.11 baht per successful TB treatment (44 successful cases). The total cost of the TB treatment and care program at Chiang Sean Hospital was 330,578.73 baht for 39 TB patients. The cost per treated case per year was 8,476.38 baht. The C/E was 22,038.58 baht per successful TB treatment (15 successful cases). The ICER was 5,246.56 baht. The Mae Sai Hospital model was more cost-effective in terms of the treatment and care provided to Burmese patients with TB than the Chiang Sean Hospital model for Laotian patients with TB. Originality/value To improve the cost-effectiveness of TB treatment and care programs for foreign patients in hospitals located on the Thai border, focus should be placed on patient follow-up at the community or village level.

Optimization of a two-echelon supply chain with random demand and random defect rate under strict carbon cap policy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Defective Items ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Defect Rate ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Minlp Problem ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Cost

PurposeThe yield of defective items and emissions of greenhouse gases in supply chains are areas of concern. Organizations try to reduce the yield defective items and emissions. In this paper, a constrained optimization model is developed with consideration of the yield of defective items and strict carbon cap policy simultaneously and then optimized. Further, sensitivity analyses have been carried out to draw different managerial insights. Precisely, we have tried to address the following research questions: (1) how to optimize the cost for a two-echelon supply chain considering yield of defective items and strict carbon cap policy, (2) how the total expected cost and total expected emissions act with changing parameters.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical modeling approach has been adopted to develop a model and further optimized it with optimization software. Costs and emissions from different areas of a supply chain have been derived and then the total cost and total emissions have been formulated mathematically. One constrained mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem has been formulated and solved considering emissions-related, velocity and production related-constraints. Further, different sensitivity analyses have been derived to draw some managerial insights.FindingsIn this paper, many decision variables have been calculated with a set of basic values of other parameters. It has been found that both cost and emissions can be controlled by controlling different parameters. It has been also found that some parameters have very little or no influence either on cost or emissions. In most cases, originations may exhaust the given limit of carbon cap to optimize their costs.Originality/valueIn spite of my sincere efforts, no paper has been found that has considered the yield of defective items and strict carbon cap policy simultaneously. In this paper, it is assumed that both demand and defect rates are random in nature. The model, presented in this paper may give insights to develop different supply chain models with consideration of both defective items and strict carbon cap policy. Sensitivity analyses, drawn in this paper may give deep insights to managers and carbon regulatory bodies.

Evaluating the supply chain information flow in Egyptian SMEs using six sigma

2018 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omneya Kandil ◽  
Rasha Abd El Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose There is a great deal of concern among the Egyptian economy that small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) potentials are not fully used although they dominate it and contribute to its success. The question is what challenges are preventing those SMEs from performing efficiently. This research aims to focus on examining the issues regarding the supply chain of Egyptian SMEs, exploring the areas that need improvement and assessing the impact of technology in enhancing their performance and whether they afford applying it. Design/methodology/approach In this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted at 14 Egyptian SMEs. Then, the business process at six of the fourteen SMEs was observed. After that, a representative sampling was applied and a company was chosen as a representative case company. Moreover, the selected company’s documents were analyzed to capture the full image of the current supply chain performance in Egyptian SMEs. Finally, the Six Sigma DMAIC approach was used to assess the effectiveness of the current supply chain and identify the problems faced and how to deal with these deficiencies. Findings The current process of the supply chain was analyzed and the result shows the obstacles and constrains facing SMEs in Egypt. Despite the clear benefits of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Egyptian SMEs still do not use it to solve their problems due to its high cost and their low budgets. However, the investigation concludes that SMEs in particular can benefit from the RFID technology and will be able to pay back the cost of the system applied after a certain period of time that is measured by calculating the breakeven point of having the RFID system against the current situation. As a result, improvements were realized and recommended for the organization. Originality/value This research develops a model that suits SMEs in the Egyptian market. The use of a case study approach with a quality measurement tool, namely, the Six Sigma DMAIC approach, especially after surveying several SMEs, and observing the business process at some of them, makes this a thorough investigation which proves that even SMEs can use the RFID technology despite its high cost that hinders its utilization. Thus, this research helps decision-makers in Egyptian SMEs make better informed decisions and guides them to when will they be able to pay back the cost of the system applied.

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