The effect of the Mongol invasion on the townscape of Iranian cities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Khademzade ◽  
Shahaboddin Tasdiqi ◽  
Zoheir Mottaki ◽  
Akram Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeThe Mongol invasion caused widespread destruction in many cities; this research studies the destruction course of cities after the Mongol invasion and their reconstruction during the reform period, the change that it brought to the cityscapes of Iranian cities and the difference between the urbanscape of the cities that flourished or were re-established after these destructions with the cities prior to them.Design/methodology/approachThe method of research used is historical interpretation/analysis. The historical texts of pre-Mongolian Persia and texts from the Ilkhanid era are studied, references to the shapes and appearances of Iranian cityscapes are classified, and with the help of contemporary interpretations and existing physical evidence, the urbanscape of these two periods are redrawn and compared to each other.FindingsThe selection of scenic meadows to build the city, the presence of many gardens in the urban patterns and the construction of satellite towns around large cities have been the effects of the Mongol tradition of (Yurt) tent-dwelling on Iranian cities during the reforms. The declining population and the massive migration of artists together with the rethinking of the rulers made the existence of dense cities with multi-storey houses less likely. The tradition of pre-designing the city and buildings and designing open and right-angled pathways continued after the Mongol invasion.Originality/valueThe prevailing belief is that during the Mongol era, only the destruction of cities took place and the Mongols did not create any cities and had no influence on urban development. This research aims to challenge that.

scholarly journals The study of the sociospatial aspect of green building in St.Petersburg: theoretical and practical aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 03054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Orlovskaya ◽  
Svetlana Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Paired Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the modern problems of green building. The duality of the greening problem in large cities is noted: on the one hand, this is one of the factors of conflict, on the other hand, the factor of the quality of life, creativity of the city, and its image level. The selection of factors for the analysis was carried out taking into account the research of Russian and foreign scientists and the possibility of obtaining reliable statistics. The study was conducted according to the landscaping of the districts of St. Petersburg. As a result of the study, clustering of St. Petersburg districts was carried out according to greenery indicators, the level of green construction in each of the considered territories of the city was estimated. A paired analysis of indicators made it possible to identify the most problematic areas of the city, to conduct a comparative assessment of the districts according to the level of greenery and their sufficiency to create a comfortable environment

scholarly journals Placing products in humorous scenes: its impact on brand perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Fong Yee Chan ◽  
Ben Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Brand Attitudes ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Trait ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This study aims to extend the literature on marketing communications by exploring the effect of placing products in humorous scenes. It aims to ascertain the prevalence of placement scenes associated with humor in television programs and the effect of humor on brand persuasiveness. Design/methodology/approach The study used a two-phase research process. A content analysis of prime-time television programing was conducted to map the relative prevalence of brands placed in humorous contexts and for the selection of research stimuli. This was followed by a large-scale experimental study of 1,100 television viewers in Hong Kong with real stimuli that had been digitally manipulated. Findings The study found that a humorous context did enhance recall of placed brands but its effect on brand attitudes was mediated by audience involvement in the viewing and moderated by psychological trait reactance. Interestingly, and in contrast to conventional advertising, placing brands in a humorous context led to lower involvement in the viewing, which, in turn, resulted in lower brand attitudes. Individuals with low trait reactance were more positive toward brands placed in a non-humorous context than individuals with high trait reactance while individuals with high trait reactance were more positive toward brands placed in a humorous context, though the difference was less prominent. Research limitations/implications The findings help to illustrate when and how a humorous context contributes to the recall of and attitudes toward placed brands. Practical implications The results also facilitate marketers and program producers to choose the best placement context and design more effective placement strategies. Originality/value This research is the first to empirically examine the effect of a humorous context on the unaided recall of and attitudes toward brands placed in television programs.

Poëzie op steen in Athene

Lampas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37
Author(s):  
Mathieu de Bakker ◽  
Niels Koopman ◽  
Paul van Uum ◽  
Saskia Willigers
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Context ◽  
Second Sophistic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This contribution discusses a selection of remarkable verse inscriptions from the city of Athens. Such inscriptions should not be evaluated as subliterary pieces of poetry exclusively relevant within their local, spatial context. Instead, we argue that it makes sense to compare them with other poetry known from antiquity. We point at formal and thematic relationships between poems known from stones and via manuscripts, and also analyse a few Athenian verse inscriptions from Roman times that clearly reflect literary developments known from Hellenistic and Second Sophistic periods.

Leveraging museum quality art to build competitive advantage

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
City Brand ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper concentrates on the capacity of museums to bolster the city brand of St. Petersburg through the strategic selection of souvenir products made available for sale within its museum shops. Selling high quality souvenir products distinguished by their direct relationship to high impact museum exhibits is recommended to boost the city's all-encompassing brand. At the same time, this supplies museum shops with a competitive advantage by separating them from the more generic kitsch souvenir shops. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

scholarly journals Planning experiences in historic cities protected by UNESCO

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douver dos Santos Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Power ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Historic Cities ◽  
Material Form ◽  
The Continuum

This article arises from the need to clarify the field of heritage preservation and conservation at the beginning of the 21st century, especially in central areas and historic cities. We went through this reflection in the face of the expressive homogenization of places and mischaracterizations of the landscapes produced with artificial interventions aimed at exploratory tourism, which directly reflect on the loss of the identity of urban heritage and, more ambitiously, with the cities-commodity in large cities, through management of urbanism with new contemporary interventions. The process of patrimonialization of historic cities is seen here from two distant angles in time, space, territory, culture and history, but they reflect the same repercussions for the city: scenography and gentrification, as is the case in Brazil, in Pelourinho in the city of Salvador, in 1992, and Portuguese, in the Quarteirão das Cardosas, in Porto, in 2009. With this, we were able to further question and denounce some perversions in architecture, the result of these economic speculations, which see facade renovation works as useful, that rip apart the entire interior of the heritage, neglecting the entire authentic experience of the city and demonstrate the perversions in the community in the face of the gentrification process, where landscape is transformed giving material form to the difference between cultural and economic power. We believe that it is possible to demonstrate in time to society, which is in constant threat of globalization, that heritage needs to be urgently recovered in order to remain on the continuum of life.

scholarly journals Study of Selection of Bus Mode and Rail Train Surabaya – Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Haris Muhammadun ◽  
Sindiah Bagus Mahendra Tama ◽  
Wateno Oetomo ◽  
Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The need for transportation facilities and infrastructure that is quite large in the city of Surabaya to the city of Malang is the impact of population growth and increased activity in the city. To support economic, social, trade and education activities between the two cities, public transportation facilities are needed that can meet the needs of the community in terms of comfort and safety. Fulfillment of comfort factors in the use of public transportation such as cheap travel costs, speed of travel time, and accuracy of operational schedules, is expected to increase the interest of travelers to use public vehicles more often than private vehicles. The analysis method used, among others, Descriptive Analysis aims to identify the characteristics of users of the Surabaya-Malang and bus modes, then the Logistic Regression Analysis and Binomial Logit Difference Analysis aim to Obtain a model of selection of bus and train modes in the Surabaya-Malang route, then proceed Sensitivity Analysis which aims to determine the sensitivity of the model of the response of the traveler in determining the choice if there is a change in each attribute of the trip. The results of logistic regression analysis and binomial logit difference, it can be concluded that, attribute / variable X2 (travel time) is the attribute / variable that most influences the mode selection. The sensitivity analysis results can be concluded as follows: Sensitivity to travel costs, the possibility of respondents prefer to use the train mode is greater than the bus. Sensitivity to time, the possibility of respondents prefer to use the train mode is greater than the bus. Sensitivity to the departure schedule (headway), the possibility of respondents choosing to use the train mode will be greater than the bus, if the difference in the headway is between 90-165 minutes. However, if the difference in headway is above 165 minutes, then the respondent will switch to choosing the bus mode.

Patterns of violent attacks targeting journalists in Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Ikem Godspower Ujene ◽  
Usman Ojedokun
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Despite the fact that Nigeria’s transition from military rule to democracy is over two decades, violence targeting journalists still remains a recurring issue. On this basis, this paper aims to examine patterns of violent attacks targeting journalists in Lagos, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design. Social disorganisation theory was deployed as theoretical framework. Data were principally elicited through the in-depth interview method. Multistage sampling techniques were used for the selection of 25 journalists across six media organisations in Lagos. Findings The results showed that assault on journalists is a common phenomenon in the city, with more cases usually recorded during period of general elections. Three major factors were identified by respondents as underlying violent attacks on journalists. Also, security personnel and political thugs were mentioned as the major perpetrators of violent attacks on journalists. Originality/value This research not only provides a unique and significant insight into the issue bordering on violent attacks that are being directed at media practitioners in Nigeria it equally puts forward some useful and far-reaching recommendations that can be adopted to effectively address the problem.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

A Selection of Bandung City Travel Route Using The FLOYD-WARSHALL Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ghifari Arfananda ◽  
◽  
Surya Michrandi Nasution ◽  
Casi Setianingsih ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The rapid development of information and technology, the city of Bandung tourism has also increased. However, tourists who visit the city of Bandung have problems with a limited time when visiting Bandung tourist attractions. Traffic congestion, distance, and the number of tourist destinations are the problems for tourists travel. The optimal route selection is the solution for those problems. Congestion and distance data are processed using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Route selection uses the Floyd-Warshall Algorithm. In this study, the selection of the best route gets the smallest weight with a value of 5.127 from the Algorithm process. Based on testing, from two to five tourist attractions get an average calculation time of 3 to 5 seconds. This application is expected to provide optimal solutions for tourists in the selection of tourist travel routes.

Perancangan Boneka Edukasi Terinspirasi oleh Pencipta Boneka Si Unyil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhari Amri
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Materials

Film Unyil puppet comes not just part of the entertainment world that can be enjoyed by people from the side of the story, music, and dialogue. However, there is more value in it which is a manifestation of the creator that can be absorbed into the charge for the benefit of educating the children of Indonesia to the public at large. The Unyil puppet created by the father of Drs. Suyadi is one of the works that are now widely known by the whole people of Indonesia. The process of creating a puppet Unyil done with simple materials and formation of character especially adapted to the realities of the existing rural region. Through this process, this research leads to the design process is fundamentally educational puppet inspired by the creation of Si Unyil puppet. The difference is the inspiring character created in this study is on the characters that exist in urban life, especially the city of Jakarta. Thus the results of this study are the pattern of how to shape the design of products through the creation of the puppet with the approach of urban culture.

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