Subverting the universality of metadata standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Tribal Sovereignty ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Dublin Core ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metadata Standards

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the underlying meanings, effects and cultural patterns of metadata standards, focusing on Dublin Core (DC), and explore the ways in which anticolonial metadata tools can be applied to exercise and promote Indigenous data sovereignty. Design/methodology/approach Applying an anticolonial approach, this paper examines the assumptions underpinning the stated roles of two of DC’s metadata elements, rights and creator. Based on that examination, the paper considers the limitations of DC for appropriately documenting Indigenous traditional knowledge (TK). Introduction of the TK labels and their implementation are put forward as an alternative method to such limitations in metadata standards. Findings The analysis of the rights and creator elements revealed that DC’s universality and supposed neutrality threaten the rightful attribution, specificity and dynamism of TK, undermining Indigenous data sovereignty. The paper advocates for alternative descriptive methods grounded within tribal sovereignty values while recognizing the difficulties of dealing with issues of interoperability by means of metadata standards given potentially innate tendencies to customization within communities. Originality/value This is the first paper to directly examine the implications of DC’s rights and creator elements for documenting TK. The paper identifies ethical practices and culturally appropriate tools that unsettle the universality claims of metadata standards. By introducing the TK labels, the paper contributes to the efforts of Indigenous communities to regain control and ownership of their cultural and intellectual property.

Designing metadata schema for a human library: a prototype

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupta Jana ◽  
Rosalien Rout
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dublin Core ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metadata Schema ◽  
Metadata Standards ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Library Professionals

Purpose In the absence of a working model for describing, managing and archiving the human library resources, this study aims to attempt a practical approach that will provide all the necessary information to the library users, library professionals and researchers. Design/methodology/approach Initially, different metadata standards, archival projects and attributes of the human books were reviewed to identify appropriate metadata standards that accurately describe the resources of the human library. A free and open-source software; DSpace was considered for implementing newly defined metadata schema in this study. Thereafter, a set of new subject entries was incorporated to standardize the contents of the human library. Findings This study finds that the widely used metadata schema – Dublin Core (DC) is not appropriate to describe the contents of the human book. It shows that selected metadata elements from the types – person and event of schema.org can be used for describing, organizing and archiving the resources of the human library. It further highlights that existing subject entries are not sufficient to standardize the contents of these types of resources. Research limitations/implications Two metadata fields in DSpace are strongly recommended by the DSpace community to consider in the input-forms.xml file, that is why the study could not completely omit DC metadata elements in describing human books. Originality/value The study provides a roadmap to the library professionals on the inclusion of new metadata schemas in describing the uniquely featured resources of the library.

Participation of Indigenous employees in the Quebec's forestry sector: opportunities and barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Beaudoin ◽  
Marie-Eve Dufour ◽  
Eve Desroches-Maheux ◽  
Luc Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Forestry Sector

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to better understand the factors influencing the attraction of Indigenous workers to the Quebec forestry sector.Design/methodology/approachUsing a collaborative approach, 64 semi-structured interviews were conducted between 2016 and 2018 with workers and stakeholders from three Indigenous communities in Quebec, Canada.FindingsThe results highlight the motivations for choosing a job in the forestry sector, including family and friends, attachment to the territory, financial necessity, the search for a challenge and a sense of pride. They also show some of the obstacles to holding a job in forestry, namely work–life conflict, transportation, job insecurity, education and personal problems.Social implicationsIndigenous people have a lower employment rate than non-Indigenous people, which can be explained by a number of factors that hinder their integration into the labour market. They nevertheless represent an interesting labour pool for companies working in the natural resources sector. This study sheds light on the opportunities and barriers to attract this workforce.Originality/valueThe study is one of the few to use theoretical frameworks focused on motivation and a qualitative approach to data collection in order to examine to examine the attraction of Indigenous workers to the forestry sector in Quebec (Canada) from a worker's perspective.

scholarly journals Accountability reporting objectives of Māori organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Craig ◽  
Rawiri Taonui ◽  
Susan Wild ◽  
Lũcia Lima Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
The Core ◽  
Regional Associations

Purpose This paper aims to highlight the accountability reporting objectives of four Māori-controlled organizations. The examples cited reflect the core values of the indigenous Māori people of New Zealand (Aotearoa) and help demonstrate how these values are manifest in the accountability reporting of Māori-controlled organizations. Design/methodology/approach Narrative sections of ten annual reports of two small and two large Maori organizations, drawn variously from their financial years ending in the calendar years 2009 to 2014, are read closely. These organizations represent diverse tribal and regional associations in terms of size, scope and structure; and in terms of the business, social and cultural activities they pursue. Findings Three core Māori values are identified: spirituality (wairuatanga); intergenerationalism and restoration (whakapapa); and governance, leadership and respect (mana and rangatiratanga). The commitment to these values and the way this commitment is reflected in accountability reports of Maori organizations, is presented. Originality/value The examples provided, and the associated discussion, should help inform reporting initiatives of organizations that are seeking better accountability in terms of their long-term engagement with indigenous communities, the environment and broader society.

Mindfulness, indigenous knowledge, indigenous innovations and entrepreneurship

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Capel
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indigenous Innovations ◽  
New Entry

Purpose – This paper aims to highlight the role of mindfulness in the development of indigenous knowledge (IK), indigenous innovations and entrepreneurship or new entry. Design/methodology/approach – Through an extensive analysis of extant mindfulness and indigenous entrepreneurship literatures, the paper argues for the facilitating role of individual mindfulness in IK, indigenous innovations and entrepreneurship and generates several propositions as a result. Findings – The paper argues that mindfulness encourages the appreciation of other forms of knowledge and practices distinct from the more prevalent Western forms, and by so doing, promotes indigenous innovation and indigenous entrepreneurship (or indigenous new entry or new business venture). Research limitations/implications – It is reasoned that indigenous communities around the world have rich experiences and accumulated knowledge that have enabled them develop explanations of their environments and economic development and sustainability, and by recognizing and valuing such knowledge and experiences, mindfulness facilitates innovations and entrepreneurship. Social implications – The facilitating role of IK in developing indigenous innovations and indigenous entrepreneurship is clearly evident, at least in indigenous societies; however, researchers are yet to recognise and explore this dynamics as deserved. Mindfulness not only opens up the mindset of researchers to further explore this phenomenon but also helps society to recognise the contributions and value of IK. Originality/value – This work is a pioneer in the effort to integrate mindfulness concept into the indigenous entrepreneurship research. By using mindfulness lens to view the relationship between IK, indigenous innovations and entrepreneurship, the study locates mindfulness as both antecedent to and moderator of these relationships.

The importance of financial resources and ownership of intellectual property rights for university spin-offs: the cases of Finland and Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1147
Author(s):  
Ignat Kulkov ◽  
Björn Berggren ◽  
Kent Eriksson ◽  
Magnus Hellström ◽  
Kim Wikstrom
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Validation Stage

PurposeThis paper focuses on medical device university spin-offs (USOs), taking into account the peculiarities of financial and nonfinancial support and intellectual property rights (IPRs). The authors declare that these parameters play a significant role in business development at the early stages.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical data consist of individual and group interviews in Finland and Sweden, which are later inductively analyzed.FindingsThe results show that public financial support contributes to the formation and start of sales stages in small countries and local markets. However, at the validation stage, approaches for supporting entrepreneurship in the field of medical devices may differ. The ownership of IPRs assists in the development of entrepreneurship in the region due to the transfer of research results and researchers to the industry and increases the number of spin-offs and the cooperation of universities with business.Originality/valueThis contribution is in the identification of the key parameters for the formation, support and development of the USOs from the point of view of the availability of financial resources and the ownership of IPRs.

A bibliography of Canadian Inuit periodicals: a case study in Omeka.net migration

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Data Normalization ◽  
Dublin Core ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Descriptive Information ◽  
Unique Application

Purpose This paper aims to describe the migration steps taken by a humanities librarian to create a new searchable website for an indigenous bibliography on the Omeka.net cloud-based service. Design/methodology/approach Using CSV files and Excel, the bibliography entries were moved from the old website to the new one, carefully mapping the descriptive information into Qualified Dublin Core metadata elements. Findings After resolving diacritic and other data normalization issues, the new site was created in Omeka.net with ease. The plugins available for Omeka.net allowed the editor to geolocate the site of publications. Using TimelineJS, the editor was able to create several timelines and link them to the new CanInuit website as an exhibition. Originality/value This is a unique application of the Omeka.net cloud-based service.

The proximity between Latin countries regarding customer's expectations about the hotel service

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Franco ◽  
Raquel Meneses
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Hotel Service

PurposeThe main purpose of this research is to understand if customers from countries with alleged similar culture expect services dimensions equally and to understand the level of proximity among those countries.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative methodology was used to test the level of proximity in customers' expectations about a service among different countries with alleged similar cultural patterns and if these customers share similar expectations about a set of service dimensions. This transnational research regarded the hotel service and data were collected from ten Latin countries: Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Romania, Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Bolivia and Chile. About 1262 customers answered a questionnaire about their expectations about service dimensions of the hotel service.FindingsFindings show that Latin customers' expectations about services are not equal and that there is a low level of proximity or similarity of customers' expectations about service among Latin countries.Research limitations/implicationsResearch was applied in one group of Latin countries that revealed a low level of proximity of customer's expectations about the hotel service. Further attempts should be made to expand research to additional Latin countries in order to allow understanding if the proximity level rises, decreases or maintains.Originality/valueThe major contribution was to use a cross-cultural approach to understand the level of proximity between the Latin countries in terms of customer's expectations about service dimensions, as these countries are frequently clustered into one group and customer's expectations are presumed to also be similar.

Practical approaches to compliance for entrepreneurial uses of licensed databases in libraries

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Posie Aagaard ◽  
Natasha Z Arguello
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
For Profit ◽  
License Agreements ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide practical guidance to business librarians in academic and public libraries for applying essential concepts of licensing electronic resources in entrepreneurial contexts. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is an outcome of a preconference presentation on licensing business resources, based on the practical experience of the authors in licensing and vendor negotiations. It also presents results of the preconference presurvey, gauging awareness among business librarians about licensing concepts and concerns about the usage of licensed databases by entrepreneurs. Findings – For-profit goals of entrepreneurs using library e-resources lead to concerns among business librarians about compliance with non-commercial clauses of library license agreements and potentially to unnecessary restrictions on patrons’ database use. License agreements of business e-resources are likely to have more restrictive terms of use because of perceived value of their intellectual property by vendors, a wider range of content types and clauses carried over from commercial license agreements. Business librarians generally have only basic awareness of licensing concepts. Because of organizational silos, special terms of use sometimes are not clearly conveyed from the licensing staff to librarians who work directly with entrepreneurs. Practical implications – The paper proposes a definition of entrepreneurial uses of licensed e-resources and practical approaches to manage compliance risk. Originality/value – The paper provides a practical framework for business librarians to assess compliance with license agreements in the context of entrepreneurial uses.

What does it mean to adopt a metadata standard? A case study of Omeka and the Dublin Core

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Maron ◽  
Melanie Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Criticism ◽  
Content Management ◽  
Dublin Core ◽  
Metadata Standard ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Metadata Standards ◽  
Metadata Quality ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to employ a case study of the Omeka content management system to demonstrate how the adoption and implementation of a metadata standard (in this case, Dublin Core) can result in contrasting rhetorical arguments regarding metadata utility, quality, and reliability. In the Omeka example, the author illustrate a conceptual disconnect in how two metadata stakeholders – standards creators and standards users – operationalize metadata quality. For standards creators such as the Dublin Core community, metadata quality involves implementing a standard properly, according to established usage principles; in contrast, for standards users like Omeka, metadata quality involves mere adoption of the standard, with little consideration of proper usage and accompanying principles. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses an approach based on rhetorical criticism. The paper aims to establish whether Omeka’s given ends (the position that Omeka claims to take regarding Dublin Core) align with Omeka’s guiding ends (Omeka’s actual argument regarding Dublin Core). To make this assessment, the paper examines both textual evidence (what Omeka says) and material-discursive evidence (what Omeka does). Findings The evidence shows that, while Omeka appears to argue that adopting the Dublin Core is an integral part of Omeka’s mission, the platform’s lack of support for Dublin Core implementation makes an opposing argument. Ultimately, Omeka argues that the appearance of adopting a standard is more important than its careful implementation. Originality/value This study contributes to our understanding of how metadata standards are understood and used in practice. The misalignment between Omeka’s position and the goals of the Dublin Core community suggests that Omeka, and some portion of its users, do not value metadata interoperability and aggregation in the same way that the Dublin Core community does. This indicates that, although certain values regarding standards adoption may be pervasive in the metadata community, these values are not equally shared amongst all stakeholders in a digital library ecosystem. The way that standards creators (Dublin Core) understand what it means to “adopt a standard” is different from the way that standards users (Omeka) understand what it means to “adopt a standard.”

Beyond deaths in school: education, knowledge production, and the Adivasi experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivali Tukdeo
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
School Education ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formal Systems ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Submergence, dislocation, rehabilitation and reform are the terms that crowd out most discussions on Adivasi/indigenous communities. They also fit in aptly with the Adivasi experiences of education and their relationship with knowledge construction, for them but not necessarily with them. Over the course of the last century, the Adivasi story has been composed and reoriented by a confluence of hegemonic regimes, institutions and epistemic traditions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Tracing the shifts over last few decades and paying attention to the larger politics of indigeneity, schooling and knowledge production, this paper advances a critical reading of the relationship between the marginalised and formal systems of schooling. Findings Employing Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s (1989) “Can the Subaltern Speak?”, the paper identifies the discourses that have contributed to the construction of Adivasi communities and their relationship with the Indian state. Originality/value As schooling continues to occupy a significant place among the communities in India and it gets associated with a number of contradictory logics, the present paper highlights the historicity of the project by which marginalised communities have been defined and their schooling needs have been framed and justified.

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