A systematic review of the concept of entrepreneurial alertness

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Opportunity Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Core Components

Purpose Entrepreneurial alertness is a key factor in business opportunity identification. Scholars have determined that successful entrepreneurs have high levels of entrepreneurial alertness, but only a limited number of studies are available on the concept. One of the major reasons identified is the fragmented constituents and less knowledge of the components determining the level of alertness. The present study aims to integrate the varied research on entrepreneurial alertness, identify its core components and develop the understanding of the concept of entrepreneurial alertness. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a systematic review of secondary research. The first stage involved identifying relevant publications and applying practical screening. In the second stage, the resources were screened for the inclusion criteria, and in the final stage, the articles meeting the inclusion criteria were read in detail for the final analysis. Findings The review resulted in identification of the following core components of the alertness construct – sensing and searching information, cognitive ability, personality factors (like creativity and self-efficacy), environment, social networks, knowledge and experience. The review also highlighted that cognitive ability plays a central role in alertness. Originality/value Based on the review of literature, the study proposes a model of the alertness construct, which attempts to draw a relationship between the identified components. The review also uncovers several unexplored areas, which still need to be addressed in the area of entrepreneurial alertness.

A systematic review of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with people with intellectual disabilities: an unsafe gap in the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Crompton ◽  
Bethany Duncan ◽  
Graham Simpson-Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review the available evidence that explores adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in people with intellectual disabilities (PwID). It is important to systematically review this literature as, to date, there is little known about the number of studies in this area, despite the World Health Organization declaring ACE prevention and support as a global public health priority. Design/methodology/approach Published studies were identified from electronic database searches. Key journals and reference lists were also hand searched. Findings Two studies met the inclusion criteria and the prevalence and frequency of ACEs experienced by participants of these studies analysed. Overall, due to the small number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria, it is difficult to establish any meaningful conclusions. Originality/value This appears to be the first systematic review to try and identify a research base looking at the prevalence of ACEs within a PwID population. Findings suggest that this is a highly neglected area of research, and the authors hope to have identified that further evidence is required to draw clearer conclusions about the impact of ACEs on PwID.

From nowhere to nowhere. Homelessness and incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Y. Bashir ◽  
Noreen Moloney ◽  
Musaab E. Elzain ◽  
Isabelle Delaunois ◽  
Ali Sheikhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Usa

Purpose This study aims to review international literature systematically to estimate the prevalence of homelessness among incarcerated persons at the time of imprisonment and the time of discharge. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review methodology was used to identify quantitative observational studies that looked at the prevalence of homelessness at the time of imprisonment, or up to 30 days prior to that point (initial homelessness), and at the time of discharge from prisons. Studies reported in English from inception to 11 September 2019 were searched for using eight databases (PsycInfo, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycArticles, Scopus, Web of Science and the Campbell Collaboration), in addition to grey literature. Studies were screened independently by three researchers. Results of studies meeting inclusion criteria were meta-analysed using a random effects model to generate pooled prevalence data. Findings A total of 18 out of 2,131 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies originated from the USA, Canada, UK, Ireland or Australia. The estimated prevalence of initial homelessness was 23.41% and at time of discharge was 29.94%. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among studies. Originality/value People in prisons are over twenty times more likely to be homeless than those in the general population. This is likely attributable to a range of health and social factors. Studies in this analysis suggest higher rates of homelessness in minority populations and among those with mental illnesses and neurodevelopmental disorders. While there was significant heterogeneity among studies, the results highlight the global burden of this issue and a clear necessity for targeted interventions to address homelessness in this population.

scholarly journals Does Rheumatoid Arthritis Really Improve During Pregnancy? A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Jethwa ◽  
Suzanne Lam ◽  
Colette Smith ◽  
Ian Giles
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective.We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity during pregnancy using objective disease activity scoring systems.Methods.A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE/Medline, Cochrane, and LactMed databases was performed. Our inclusion criteria for analysis were prospective studies, more than 5 patients per study, and data on RA using an objective scoring system conducted by a clinician/health professional.Results.Ten studies were eligible for final analysis, which included 237 patients, of which prepartum data were available for 204 patients. Postpartum disease activity was recorded in 135 pregnancies.Conclusion.Disease activity improved in 60% of patients with RA in pregnancy and flared in 46.7% postpartum.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the characteristics and needs of older prisoners

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-276
Author(s):  
Dean Wilkinson ◽  
Laura Caulfield
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older People ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Older Prisoners ◽  
Search And Selection

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and understand what the existing evidence base concludes about the needs of this population. The older prisoner population is growing faster than the older general population and placing a strain on prisons. Much of the existing literature focusses on the health-care needs of, or in-prison initiatives for, older prisoners. Typically, these are responsive and lacking an evidence-based understanding of the characteristics and needs of this group. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a systematic review of the existing literature on the needs and characteristics of older people in contact with the criminal justice system. After a thorough search and selection process, 21 papers, from 2002 onwards, were included in the final analysis. The review process was structured through (People, Intervention/Exposure, Comparison, Outcome) and reported using (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Findings The contradictions within the existing evidence base make it difficult to reach firm conclusions about the needs and characteristics of older prisoners. What is clear from the existing research are the relatively high levels of need. There is also some consensus that where older people commit homicide, the victim is likely to be an intimate partner. Overall, there is a need for consistent recording and reporting of characteristics and demographics and more systematic study design. Originality/value This paper has highlighted the key findings and limitations in the existing literature. Future research should make use of secondary official data sources to provide a clearer understanding of the characteristics of this group, their routes to prison, their needs and challenges they present.

scholarly journals Elder abuse screening tools: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise McCarthy ◽  
Susan Campbell ◽  
Bridget Penhale
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health And Social Care

Purpose Elder abuse results in high rates of morbidity and mortality. It has longstanding physical and psychological effects and is difficult to detect. Due to fear or embarrassment, victims may make attempts to hide it rather than to disclose and professionals are often reluctant to report it as they may worry about worsening a situation. If detected early enough, serious harm can be prevented and lives saved. Screening and screening tools can assist health and social care practitioners to detect abuse. This review of screening tools was undertaken as part of an MSc in clinical research, funded by the National Institute for Health Research; the purpose of this paper is to report on the review and its findings. Design/methodology/approach This was a systematic review with eligibility inclusion and exclusion criteria decided in advance. Keywords and their synonyms were combined and then used to search health and social care databases. Data items were collected from the included studies. The preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analysis was followed for the reporting of the results. A narrative synthesis approach was applied to the analysis. Findings A total of 34 full text studies were downloaded, read and analysed. In all, 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Of these, three studies reported sensitivity and specificity, with the remainder reporting validity and reliability testing. In total, 12 tools of varying length and quality were found. The length and characteristics of tools affects the efficacy of their use. The clinical environment will determine choice of screening tool to be used. Screening tools should be used within an overall system of detection and management of abuse. Research limitations/implications The synthesis of results was challenging due to the lack of homogeneity between the included studies. The variations in tool characteristics and qualities added to this challenge. A further limitation was the lack of a gold standard tool in elder abuse. Originality/value This systematic review highlights a lack of robust evidence in the development and validation of screening tools to detect elder abuse. Though there is an increasing awareness and knowledge about elder abuse, its detection remains problematic and the lack of research in this area is worth emphasising. Specific tools, centred on the clinical setting in which they are used, are recommended.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Recommendations Around Frameworks for Evaluating Scientific Validity in Nutritional Genomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Keathley ◽  
Véronique Garneau ◽  
Daniela Zavala-Mora ◽  
Robyn R. Heister ◽  
Ellie Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Biological Plausibility ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Nutritional Genomics ◽  
Funding Bias ◽  
June July

Background: There is a significant lack of consistency used to determine the scientific validity of nutrigenetic research. The aims of this study were to examine existing frameworks used for determining scientific validity in nutrition and/or genetics and to determine which framework would be most appropriate to evaluate scientific validity in nutrigenetics in the future.Methods: A systematic review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021261948) was conducted up until July 2021 using Medline, Embase, and Web of Science, with articles screened in duplicate. Gray literature searches were also conducted (June-July 2021), and reference lists of two relevant review articles were screened. Included articles provided the complete methods for a framework that has been used to evaluate scientific validity in nutrition and/or genetics. Articles were excluded if they provided a framework for evaluating health services/systems more broadly. Citing articles of the included articles were then screened in Google Scholar to determine if the framework had been used in nutrition or genetics, or both; frameworks that had not were excluded. Summary tables were piloted in duplicate and revised accordingly prior to synthesizing all included articles. Frameworks were critically appraised for their applicability to nutrigenetic scientific validity assessment using a predetermined categorization matrix, which included key factors deemed important by an expert panel for assessing scientific validity in nutrigenetics.Results: Upon screening 3,931 articles, a total of 49 articles representing 41 total frameworks, were included in the final analysis (19 used in genetics, 9 used in nutrition, and 13 used in both). Factors deemed important for evaluating nutrigenetic evidence related to study design and quality, generalizability, directness, consistency, precision, confounding, effect size, biological plausibility, publication/funding bias, allele and nutrient dose-response, and summary levels of evidence. Frameworks varied in the components of their scientific validity assessment, with most assessing study quality. Consideration of biological plausibility was more common in frameworks used in genetics. Dose-response effects were rarely considered. Two included frameworks incorporated all but one predetermined key factor important for nutrigenetic scientific validity assessment.Discussion/Conclusions: A single existing framework was highlighted as optimal for the rigorous evaluation of scientific validity in nutritional genomics, and minor modifications are proposed to strengthen it further.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=261948, PROSPERO [CRD42021261948].

scholarly journals Self-harm and suicidal content online, harmful or helpful? A systematic review of the recent evidence

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Brennan ◽  
Sonia Saraiva ◽  
Elizabeth Mitchell ◽  
Richard Melia ◽  
Lydia Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Limit Time ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Individual

Purpose There are calls for greater regulation of online content related to self-harm and suicide, particularly that which is user-generated. However, the online space is a source of support and advice, including an important sharing of experiences. This study aims to explore what it is about such online content, and how people interact with it, that may confer harm or offer benefit. Design/methodology/approach The authors undertook a systematic review of the published evidence, using customised searches up to February 2021 in seven databases. The authors included empirical research on the internet or online use and self-harm or suicide content that had been indexed since 2015. The authors undertook a theoretically driven narrative synthesis. Findings From 4,493 unique records, 87 met our inclusion criteria. The literature is rapidly expanding and not all the evidence is high quality, with very few longitudinal or intervention studies so little evidence to understand possible causal links. Very little content online is classifiable as explicitly harmful or definitively helpful, with responses varying by the individual and immediate context. The authors present a framework that seeks to represent the interplay in online use between the person, the medium, the content and the outcome. Originality/value This review highlights that content should not be considered separately to the person accessing it, so online safety means thinking about all users. Blanket removal or unthinking regulation may be more harmful than helpful. A focus on safe browsing is important and tools that limit time and diversify content would support this.

The role of the organization in the entrepreneur–opportunity nexus

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1537-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Zanella ◽  
Dante B. Castro Solano ◽  
Cory R.A. Hallam ◽  
Teja Guda
Keyword(s):  
Theory Building ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Opportunity Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness ◽  
Strategic Posture ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Entrepreneurial and strategic actions are crucial for wealth creation, and the business opportunity is a critical factor in this process. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the firm’s strategic posture in the relationship between individual alertness and opportunity identification within an existing firm. This approach contributes to entrepreneurship theory building through a multilevel study. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative research focuses on understanding the mediating role of an organization’s strategic posture in the opportunity identification process. Using a sample of 276 firms, this study tests a two-level model to explain opportunity identification. Findings The findings provide empirical evidence that a firm’s strategic posture mediates the relationship between individual alertness and opportunity identification. Furthermore, this study finds differences in the mediating role of a firm’s strategic posture through which entrepreneurs and managers affect opportunity identification. Years after the creation of startup, the entrepreneurs still exhibit entrepreneurial characteristics that affect opportunity identification. The findings provide evidence that entrepreneurs foster an internal culture and set of values that are more favorable to radical innovation, compared to managers who favor incremental and less risky projects. Practical implications The findings suggest the possibility for new theory building that can improve the fields of entrepreneurship and management research. Moreover, the proposed model constitutes a new approach to analyze the mediating role of an organization’s strategic posture in the opportunity identification process. Originality/value This paper provides an original approach to literature in exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and firm’s strategic posture in explaining the opportunity identification process. This work will help expand the theory building that explores differences between managers and entrepreneurs in organizations.

A systematic review of drivers and interventions against sex work migration in Edo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 733-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Agwu ◽  
Uzoma Okoye ◽  
Prince Ekoh ◽  
Ngozi Chukwu ◽  
Chinyere Onalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Policy Measures

PurposeSex work migration involves a huge number of females from Nigeria, and has attracted concerns within and across the country. To add to ongoing conversations about responsible migration, our review underscores the prevalence of sex work migration in Edo State, Nigeria, the drivers and interventions.Design/methodology/approachThe review adopted exhaustive search terms coined with the aid of “Boolean Operators”. Search terms were entered into several search engines and databases to elicit peer-reviewed and grey literature within sex work migration and human trafficking for commercial sex. An output of 578 studies was recorded with 76 (43 academic papers and 33 grey literature) meeting the inclusion criteria.FindingsThe study acknowledged wide-spread prevalence of sex work migration involving Nigerian females who are largely from Edo State. It achieved a prioritization of the factors that drive sex work migration based on how frequent they were mentioned in reviewed literature: economic (64.4%), cultural (46%), educational (20%), globalization (14.5%) and political factors (13.2%). Several interventions were highlighted together with their several limitations which include funding, absence of grass-roots engagement, dearth of appropriate professionals, corruption, weak political will, among others. A combination of domestic and international interventions was encouraged, and social workers were found to be needful.Originality/valueOur systematic review is the first on this subject, as none was found throughout our search. It seeks to inform policy measures and programmes, as well as horizontal efforts poised to tackle the rising figures of sex work migrants and attendant consequences in Nigeria.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the diagnostic accuracy of initial RT-PCR and CT scan in suspected COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 20201039
Author(s):  
Manish Devendra Devendra Mair ◽  
Mohammed Hussain ◽  
Saad Siddiqui ◽  
Sudip Das ◽  
Andrew Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
History Of ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Computed tomography (CT) and initial Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting COVID-19 infection. Methods: We searched three databases, PubMed, EMBASE and EMCARE to identify studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of both CT and RT-PCR in detecting COVID-19 infection between December 2019 and May 2020. For accurate comparison, only those studies which had patients undergoing both, CT and RT-PCR were included. Pooled diagnostic accuracy of both the tests was calculated by using a bivariate random effects model. Results: Based on inclusion criteria, only 11 studies consisting of 1834 patients were included in the final analysis that reported diagnostic accuracy of both CT and RT-PCR, in the same set of patients. Sensitivity estimates for CT scan ranged from 0.69 to 1.00 and for RT-PCR varied ranging from 0.47 to 1.00. The pooled estimates of sensitivity for CT and RT-PCR was 0.91 [95% CI (0.84–0.97)] and 0.84 [95% CI (0.71–0.94)] respectively. On subgroup analysis, pooled sensitivity of CT and RT-PCR was 0.95 [95% CI (0.88–0.98)] and 0.91 [95% CI (0.80–0.96), p = o.ooo1]. The pooled specificity of CT and RT-PCR was 0.31 [95% CI (0.035–0.84)] and 1.00 [95% CI (0.96–1.00)]. Conclusion: CT is more sensitive than RT-PCR in detecting COVID-19 infection, but has a very low specificity. Advances in knowledge: Since the results of a CT scan are available quickly, it can be used as an adjunctive initial diagnostic test for patients with a history of positive contact or epidemiological history.

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