Agglomeration effect and the “dual-format” e-marketplace pricing scheme

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Su ◽  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Feasible Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to study a dominant e-retailer operating its own e-marketplace (B2C) to host peer competitor as well as acting as a traditional retailer (“dual-format” retailing as in Mantin and Krishnan 2014). The dominant retailer offers a two-part tariff charging scheme to a third-party seller. The seller decides whether to join the e-marketplace. The present paper is interested in addressing the following questions: What is the pricing equilibrium before/after the formation of the e-marketplace? What will be the “optimal” charging scheme? What is the impact on the e-marketplace operator if the third-party seller has the option to become “featured”. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a stylized model to capture the competition between the two retailers and applies game theory to solve the pricing equilibrium. The authors model the dual-format retailing in a two-stage decision: Stage 1, the e-marketplace operator offers a two-part tariff; Stage 2, if the other retailer is participating, they engage in a pricing competition. They assume that the e-marketplace operator is a profit maximizer by choosing its charging scheme subject to the condition that the participating retailer is no worse off. Findings The authors find that the e-retailer and the third-party seller in the e-marketplace are not always hurt by intensified price competition. They identify conditions under which higher expected prices are charged as a result of agglomeration effect. The authors’ model also provides theoretical evidence on this popular charging scheme, and shows the feasible region in which the e-marketplace operator could allocate the surplus resulted from the formation of the e-marketplace between itself and the participating retailer. Finally, the authors demonstrate that if the third-party seller has the option to become a “featured” retailer (He and Chen, 2006), it can be detrimental to the e-marketplace operator. Originality/value This work is different in three ways: First, the authors model an e-marketplace adopting a “dual-format” retailing, facing the trade-off between its direct retailing revenue and the rents collected from the member store, while the literature mainly focuses on e-marketplaces playing the intermediary role. Second, they explicitly model the “market expansion effect” caused by the agglomeration after the formation of the e-marketplace. The present study complements this stream of research by investigating and providing theoretical evidence on the charging scheme popularly adopted by the e-marketplaces and proposes ways to share the surplus to the participating store.

Optimal trade-in and third-party collection authorization strategies under trade-in subsidy policy

Kybernetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiying Cao ◽  
Qiushi Bo ◽  
Yi He
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to study whether the recycling of a third party competes with the trade-in service of a manufacturer, and explores the optimal trade-in and third-party collection authorization strategies for the manufacturer. Design/methodology/approach According to whether to authorize a third party to collect its used products, the manufacturer has two choices: one is not authorization (NA); the other is authorization (A). This paper uses profit-maximization model to investigate the optimal decisions of the manufacturer and the third party under NA and A, respectively, and then explores which choice is better for the manufacturer. Findings It is observed that there is a competition between trade-in service and third-party recycling when the durability parameter of the used product is relatively small. Moreover, when the durability parameter of the used product is relatively large, A is always better choice for the manufacturer; otherwise, NA is a better choice except for the case that the unit trade-in subsidy is low and the salvage of the used product is high. Practical implications These results provide managerial insights for the manufacturer and the third party to make decisions in the field of recycling. Originality/value This paper is among the first papers to study the competition between trade-in program and third party’s collecting program under government’s trade-in subsidy policy. Moreover, this paper presents the conditions under which the manufacturer should authorize or not authorize the third party to collect its used products.

UK election could force fresh poll by 2017

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Election ◽  
Third Party ◽  
National Party ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Liberal Democrats ◽  
Scottish National Party ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Opinion Polls

Subject Fresh election scenarios. Significance Opinion polls suggest that no single party will win an overall majority in the House of Commons on May 7. They also imply that the Scottish National Party (SNP) will do extremely well, substantially increasing its representation from its current six seats to around 25-45 seats. Furthermore, polls also indicate that the third party in terms of current parliamentary representation -- the Liberal Democrats, junior partners in the governing coalition -- may struggle to retain that status and could fall as low as 15-25 seats. If that occurred, the formation of a new coalition arrangement led either by the Conservatives or Labour would be much more complicated than in May 2010, when the election ended without an overall majority. This has led to speculation that another general election could follow relatively swiftly after May -- even within this calendar year. Impacts The May 2015 election may well not produce a result that can last for a five-year term. The Fixed Term Parliament Act 2011 makes the swift dissolution of parliament for a fresh election more challenging. Still, there is a scenario in which another contest could occur in 2015. However, a fresh election in 2016-17 is more likely than one held a few months later.

scholarly journals A Critical Appraisal of Dismissals at the Behest of a Third Party: The Impact of the Constitutional Labour Rights

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Tumo Charles Maloka
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disciplinary Power ◽  
Security Services ◽  
The Third ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

The pivotal judgments on dismissals at the behest of a third party – East Rand Proprietary Mines Ltd v UPUSA, Lebowa Platinum Mines v Hill, NUMSA v Hendor Mining Supplies a Division of Marschalk Beleggings (Pty) Ltd, TSI Holdings (Pty) Ltd v NUMSA, NUPSAW obo Mani v National Lotteries Board and NUMSA v High Goal Investments t/a Chuma Security Services – deeply implicate discrimination in all its manifestations, accountability, gendered precariousness and social justice. This contribution explores the focal questions raised in recent times concerning the fairness of a dismissal at the instance of a third party. First, there are fundamental points relating to the constitutional and statutory protection of security of employment. Secondly, there are those familiar problems often associated with substantive and procedural fairness that surface here under the guise of questioning the disciplinary power of the employer. In this context, inroads into managerial prerogative and disciplinary procedure are amplified where there has been no fault on the part of the employee and no breakdown of the trust relationship, or where the employee has been disciplined, but not dismissed and the employer did not want to terminate the employee’s employment but was coerced by the third party to do so. Thirdly, there is the thorny issue of the reason behind the third-party demand and the related issue of intolerability caused by the targeted employee. And finally, there is the issue of striking in support of a demand for dismissal of a co-employee.

Study on Development Strategy of Third Party Logistics Based on Electronic Commercial Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Qiu Sheng Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Third Party Logistics ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
The Third Party Logistics ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Impact

Mid-20th century, with the scale of production and circulation of commodities have been expanding, the status and role of logistics has become more evident. At the same time the rise of e-commerce logistics and development of new demand, third-party logistics development as the development of the logistics industry has become an important form of specialized logistics, but also a prerequisite for development of electronic commerce. The objective of social and business requirements, the third-party logistics is increasingly becoming the mainstream of logistics development, known as the 21st century "gold industry." In this paper, the theory of third-party logistics and research-based, combine the first e-commerce development environment, described the development of electronic commerce on the impact of a third party logistics, and third-party logistics environment was the development of micro, meson and macro for analysis, followed by third-party logistics system, proposed comprehensive third party logistics capability evaluation system design principles, according to third-party logistics enterprise's comprehensive ability to evaluate the impact of factors, ability to set a comprehensive evaluation of the indicators, building the ability of third party logistics enterprise's comprehensive evaluation system, respectively, from service capabilities, relationship skills and the aspects of the internal capacity of the comprehensive capacity of third party logistics evaluation, then the use of AHP and fuzzy assessment method on simulated third-party logistics company comprehensive assessment, and evaluation results were analyzed. Finally, according to analysis of the results of the evaluation, and drawing on advanced domestic and international experience of the Third Party Logistics, e-commerce environment, third party logistics proposed the development of countermeasures and suggestions: to strengthen the construction of third-party logistics information, and promote third-party logistics and supply chain integration, and enhance internal capabilities.

System dynamics research of remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain dominated by the third party

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidi Miao ◽  
Tengfei Wang ◽  
Deyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Impact

With the rapid development of the electronic information industry in recent years, electronic products are being updated faster and faster, and e-waste recycling has become a common problem around the world. Firstly, this article contrasts recycling at home and abroad using the predicament of Midea Corp. Based on a closed-loop supply chain with the system dynamics method, a model is constructed and simulated. In this model, the collection point coverage rate is introduced to adjust the e-waste recycling rate dynamically. Aiming at a recycling mode dominated by the third party of the closed-loop supply chain, the article mainly discusses the impact on the sales rate and market share of the recycling model by third-party enterprises and compares the total revenue of all supply chains. Simulation results show that the model is more effective and optimal than the traditional recycling model.

A new coupled ARMA-FGM model and its application in the internet third-party payment forecasting in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Shuhua Mao ◽  
Xianpeng Wang ◽  
Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Arma Model ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Online Payment ◽  
The Third Party

Purpose With the rapid development of e-commerce in China, the third-party payment system greatly improved the efficiency and volume of the entire trading market. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a suitable prediction model to analyse its development trend. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyse internet third-party payments in China, taking into account online payment transaction values coupled with an ARMA model and the fractional grey model (FGM). First, the rolling FGM model is applied in order to characterise the trends of the transaction volume. The influence of the initial value change on the FGM model is analysed. The optimisation mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) model is constructed to determine the optimal translational values, the corresponding optimal accumulation order and optimal inverse accumulation order. Findings This paper uses China’s recent third-party online payment data to quantify its development trend. The authors find the coupling model suitable for the development trend of third-party online payment transaction. The results show that the model is suitable to quantify its development trend of China’s recent third-party online payment. Originality/value Considering the complex influence factors that lead to the third-party online payment volume data of time-varying grey feature, this paper combines the FGM with ARMA model to describe the development of third-party payment mode.

Fostering independent learning and engagement for postgraduate students

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Blount ◽  
Margot McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
The Third ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
The Third Party

PurposeAs educational technologies are more widely adopted in higher education teaching and learning, publishers often include online resources to accompany their textbook offerings. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a study forming part of a larger ongoing evaluation of the third party software product WileyPLUS.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the integration of the publisher's tools into a specific curriculum context and takes a critical look at the pedagogical effectiveness of the software in this context. A mixed‐methods approach is taken in the study, using a small postgraduate accounting unit as a case study.FindingsWhile many students reported positive experiences with the third party resources, technical issues were a barrier to their effectiveness and many students did not engage with the optional resources. The unit convenor's experience was largely positive.Practical implicationsAlthough it may be tempting for unit convenors to adopt these tools and resources as readily available and easy to use, it is important that they are integrated into the curriculum and that students are supported in their use.Originality/valueOutcomes include a list of critical success factors and an evaluation framework that could be of use to other academics seeking to embed third party resources into their teaching.

The competition between B2C platform and third-party seller considering sales effort

Kybernetes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiying Cao ◽  
Ping He
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose By studying the competition between a B2C platform and a third-party seller, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare their optimal decisions and profits between cases with and without sales effort of the platform or third-party seller. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies the competition between a B2C platform and a third-party seller. The platform sells a product directly, and allows the third-party seller to sell a competing product on the platform. Based on whether the platform or the third-party seller makes sales effort, there are four scenarios. The paper analyzes the optimal decisions and profits of platform and third-party seller under each scenario, respectively. Findings The transaction fee has a negative effect on third-party seller’s sales effort level. What is more, the platform can take a free riding from the third-party seller’s sales effort, but the platform’s sales effort has a negative effect on the profit of third-party seller. Practical implications These results provide managerial insights for the platform and the third-party seller to make decisions. Originality/value This paper is among the first papers to study the competition between B2C platform and third-party seller.

scholarly journals Determinants of Development of Third Party Liability Insurance: Selected Approaches, Experience and Trends in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Maria Gasińska
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Third Party

Abstract The article constitutes an attempt at discussing the determinants of the development of third party liability insurance in historical perspective and on the basis of the observation of trends witnessed in this field nowadays. The identified factors are linked to the functioning of both the demand and the supply aspect of the third party liability insurance market, providing a valuable indicator for insurance practice. The past decade has witnessed steady, though slow, expansion of the third party liability insurance market in terms of the number of contracts concluded, the share of the contributions toward it in the total contribution value as well as the level of the gross contribution assigned. The article characterizes four groups of factors responsible for the third party liability insurance market expansion, namely: (a) determinants resulting from relations between the parties and subjects of the third party liability insurance relation against the complex nature and specific character of the third party liability function; (b) determinants linked to the dynamic development of the so called risk-generating techniques and technologies leading to growth in the development of the so-called damage potential threatening both participants in the production process (including the service provision process) as well as product users and service recipients; (c) determinants of socioeconomic character, in particular the level of legal and insurance awareness of potential damage perpetrators and injured parties as well as material standing of households and financial standing of economic entities; (d) determinants linked to legal regulations, in particular, the leading role of regulations separating the compensatory function of third party liability with respect to the penal function in shaping the scope and value of regulations tightening the scope and principles of third party liability in certain areas of economic turnover and introducing insurance compulsion.

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