A GM(1,N)-based economic cybernetics model for the high-tech industries in China

Kybernetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Total Output ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Grey Differential Equation ◽  
Medical Equipments

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an economic cybernetics model based on the grey differential equation GM(1,N) for China's high-tech industries and provide the necessary support to assist high-tech industries management departments with their policy making. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the principle of grey differential equation GM(1,N), the grey differential equations of five high-tech industries in China are established using the net fixed assets, labor quantity and patent application quantity as cybernetics variables. After the discretization and first-order subtraction reduction to the simultaneous equation of the five grey models, a linear cybernetics model is resulted in. The structure parameters in the cybernetics system show explicit economic significance and can be identified through least square principle. At last, the actual data in 2004-2010 are introduced to empirically analyze the high-tech industrial system in China. Findings – The cybernetics system for China's high-tech industries are stable, observable, and controllable. On the whole, China's high-tech industries show higher output coefficients of the patent application quantity than those of net fixed assets and labor quantity. This suggests that China's industry development mainly depends on technological innovation rather than capital or labor inputs. It is expected that the total output value of China's high-tech industries will grow at an average annual rate of 15 percent in 2011-2015, with contributions of pharmaceuticals, aircraft and spacecraft, electronic and telecommunication equipments, computers and office equipments, medical equipments and meters by 21, 16, 13, 10, and 28 percent, respectively. In addition, pharmaceuticals, as well as medical equipments and meters, present upward proportions in the gross of Chinese high-tech industries significantly. Electronic and telecommunication equipments, plus computers and office equipments exhibit an obvious decreasing proportion. The proportion of the output value of aircraft and spacecraft is basically stable. Practical implications – Empirical analysis results are helpful for related management departments to formulate reasonable industrial policies to keep the sustained and stable development of the high-tech industries in China. Originality/value – Based on the grey differential equation GM(1,N), this research puts forward an economic cybernetics model for the high-tech industries in China. This model is applicable to the economic system with small sample data set.

The internationalization strategies of rapidly internationalizing high-tech UK SMEs

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Crick ◽  
James Crick
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parental Decision Making ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate aspects of causation and effectuation decision-making in respect of the planned and unplanned nature of the internationalization strategies of a small sample of rapidly internationalizing, high-tech UK small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These exhibit four different rates of scale of international intensity (percentage of overseas sales to total sales) and market scope (geographical coverage and commitment). Design/methodology/approach – Interviews with managers of 16 independently owned high-technology-oriented manufacturing SMEs were undertaken in this investigation to reduce the potential effect of bias from parental decision-making and firm size, also trade sectoral conditions. These were drawn from an existing database. Findings – Aspects of both causation and effectuation logic were evident in planned and unplanned aspects of decision-making. Moreover, industry factors were seen to affect internationalization strategies in various ways and not least in respect of the need to exploit windows of opportunity in international niche markets and the usefulness of utilizing managers’ experience and networks in the sector in which firms operated. Originality/value – The contribution of this study is to build on earlier work where authors have used different terminology to describe firms that have internationalized soon after their foundation. Specifically, with respect to the planned versus unplanned nature of respective internationalization strategies and the causation as opposed to effectuation logic in decision-making.

Transnational immigrant entrepreneurship: effects of home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem factors

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson Duan ◽  
Bernice Kotey ◽  
Kamaljeet Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policies And Programs

PurposeThe purpose of this theoretical paper is to explore how immigrants' home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) factors impact transnational immigrant entrepreneurs (TIEs). The paper draws on the dual embeddedness and transnational entrepreneurship theories to explore how the home-country EE influences transnational immigrant entrepreneurship (TIE).Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted a qualitative case study methodology involving content analysis of secondary data. It analyzed data set against the existing EE framework to constructively explore the home-country effects.FindingsThe findings reveal that all home-country EE domains and associated factors affect TIEs. The paper established six testable propositions with regard to the home-country EE domains: accessible market, human capital, social culture, infrastructure and business support and government policies. A number of new factors were identified for each home-country EE domain. Finally, the paper provided future research directions.Research limitations/implicationsCare has to be taken in generalizing the findings from this research due to the small sample of contemporary Chinese immigrants in Australia and New Zealand. The propositions also require empirical testing.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute to the TIE literature by identifying new factors of the home-country EE and presenting testable propositions. The results have impact on immigration policies and programs.Social implicationsTransnational immigrant entrepreneurship can be a pathway to help immigrants to integrate into mainstream society. The findings from this article indirectly contribute to immigrant social development.Originality/valueThis original article fills research gaps by analyzing how home-country EE elements affect TIE. It reveals that the EE framework is effective for investigating it.

Tail events in the FX markets since 1740

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Abildgren
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Tail Events

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of the so-called “small-sample problem” within quantitative exchange-rate risk management. Design/methodology/approach – The authors take a closer look at the frequency distribution of nominal price changes in the European foreign exchange markets. Findings – The analysis clearly illustrates the risk of seriously underestimating the probability and magnitude of tail events when frequency distributions are derived from fairly short data samples. Practical implications – The authors suggest that financial institutions and regulators should have an eye for the long-term historical perspective when designing sensitivity tests or “worst case” scenarios in relation to risk assessments and stress tests. Originality/value – The authors add to the literature by analysing the distribution of nominal exchange-rate fluctuations on the basis of a unique quarterly data set for ten European exchange-rate pairs covering a time span of 273 years constructed by the authors. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first study on nominal exchange-rate changes for a large number of exchange-rate pairs based on quarterly data spanning almost three centuries.

“Being on the wrong side of the digital divide”: seeking technological interventions for education in Northeast Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-978
Author(s):  
Marianne Martens ◽  
Lala Hajibayova ◽  
Kathleen Campana ◽  
Gretchen Caldwell Rinnert ◽  
Joanne Caniglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
Technology Initiatives

PurposeThis paper aims to report the initial findings of a project aiming to re-establish basic education in conflict-ravaged states in Northeastern Nigeria and to improve education providers' ability to plan and deliver basic educational services. The authors present a preliminary analysis of Nigerian teachers' access to information communication technology (ICT), their technology skills, as well associated national ICT policies.Design/methodology/approachThis case study uses results from two co-designed tools, administered using KoboToolbox to Education Managers in the first instance, and teachers in the second. The data from the tools form the basis for analysis.FindingsIn the first instance, educational managers reported a lack of access to technology, the internet and to training and professional development. In the second instance, teachers reported issues present in the classroom environment, including poor infrastructure, a lack of resources and over-crowded classrooms. Very few teachers had access to computers or to the internet.Research limitations/implicationsThe 33 educational managers represent a small sample size and may not be fully representative of the region covered. The ICT Capacity Audit tool listed Excel in two different areas – basic Excel skills and using Excel for data analysis – which could have caused confusion for participants. The data collection should be repeated, expanded and compared for consistency. For the team, changes to the proposed (SENSE) box content meant that we were not able to deliver low-tech tools, such as Boogie Boards, or high-tech tools, such as tablets, to schools.Originality/valueDespite seemingly insurmountable challenges, the research team identified low-tech tools as a feasible resource in the classroom. Existing tools, such as teachers' smartphones and use of the WhatsApp application, can be used for sharing educational resources and providing teacher training. This paper argues that Nigeria needs up-to-date national ICT policies to guide in-country efforts to develop implementation of information technology initiatives for education.

scholarly journals Impact of gold and oil prices on the stock market in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
pp. 279-294
Author(s):  
Aiza Shabbir ◽  
Shazia Kousar ◽  
Syeda Azra Batool
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the study is to find out the impact of gold and oil prices on the stock market. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the data on gold prices, stock exchange and oil prices for the period 1991–2016. This study applied descriptive statistics, augmented Dickey–Fuller test, correlation and autoregressive distributed lag test. Findings The data analysis results showed that gold and oil prices have a significant impact on the stock market. Research limitations/implications Following empirical evidence of this study, the authors recommend that investors should invest in gold because the main reason is that hike in inflation reduces the real value of money, and people seek to invest in alternative investment avenues like gold to preserve the value of their assets and earn additional returns. This suggests that investment in gold can be used as a tool to decline inflation pressure to a sustainable level. This study was restricted to use small sample data owing to the availability of data from 1991 to 2017 and could not use structural break unit root tests with two structural break and structural break cointegration approach, as these tests require high-frequency data set. Originality/value This study provides information to the investors who want to get the benefit of diversification by investing in gold, oil and stock market. In the current era, gold prices and oil prices are fluctuating day by day, and investors think that stock returns may or may not be affected by these fluctuations. This study is unique because it focusses on current issues and takes the current data in this research to help investment institutions or portfolio managers.

scholarly journals The power of reciprocal knowledge sharing relationships for startup success

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Allen ◽  
Peter Gloor ◽  
Andrea Fronzetti Colladon ◽  
Stephanie L Woerner ◽  
Ornit Raz
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
Start Ups

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the innovative capabilities of biotech start-ups in relation to geographic proximity and knowledge sharing interaction in the R & D network of a major high-tech cluster. Design/methodology/approach – This study compares longitudinal informal communication networks of researchers at biotech start-ups with company patent applications in subsequent years. For a year, senior R & D staff members from over 70 biotech firms located in the Boston biotech cluster were polled and communication information about interaction with peers, universities and big pharmaceutical companies was collected, as well as their geolocation tags. Findings – Location influences the amount of communication between firms, but not their innovation success. Rather, what matters is communication intensity and recollection by others. In particular, there is evidence that rotating leadership – changing between a more active and passive communication style – is a predictor of innovative performance. Practical implications – Expensive real-estate investments can be replaced by maintaining social ties. A more dynamic communication style and more diverse social ties are beneficial to innovation. Originality/value – Compared to earlier work that has shown a connection between location, network and firm performance, this paper offers a more differentiated view; including a novel measure of communication style, using a unique data set and providing new insights for firms who want to shape their communication patterns to improve innovation, independently of their location.

The employability skills of graduates and employers’ options in Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1097-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Suleman ◽  
Ana Maria Costa Laranjeiro
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Remedial Strategies

Purpose Available literature overlooks the factors that affect employers’ opinions of the skills graduates bring to the labour market. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the perception of graduates’ skills and the employers’ anticipative and remedial strategies. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multiple case study is used and data were gathered from interviews with human resource managers in ten firms in Portugal. The data set includes information on perceptions of graduates’ skills, solutions for the acquisition of skills, hiring and training policies, and practices associated with university–industry linkages. Findings Almost all the employers sampled are unsatisfied with graduates’ preparation in soft skills and other personal traits. Some report skill shortages and gaps in technical skills that result in training costs. The perception of technical skills varies according to anticipative and remedial strategies. Research limitations/implications This is an explorative study with a very small sample of firms. However, it is a first step towards further research into whether the perception of graduates’ skills is affected by anticipative and remedial strategies implemented by firms within a particular human resource development system. Practical implications It is argued that the responsibility for graduates’ employability should be shared. Practitioners should learn how to interact with higher education, researchers should profit from insights into typologies of employers’ strategies on skill formation, and policy makers should understand that employers are heterogeneous and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Social implications Universities, employers and policy makers should understand that the employability of graduates presupposes shared responsibility. Originality/value The relationship between the strategies employers adopt to access skills and their perception of graduates’ skills is a quite underexplored topic.

Covid-19, disrupted vegetable supply chain and direct marketing: experiences from India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarnath Tripathi ◽  
Nisha Bharti ◽  
Sucheta Sardar ◽  
Sushant Malik
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smirnov Test

PurposeThis paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 induced lockdown on selected vegetables to confirm if the vegetable supply chain was disrupted during that period. It attempts to see if direct marketing via FPOs/FPCs helped Indian farmers to cope with adverse situations aroused in vegetable marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis study opted for mixed methods research. First, a granular data set comprising daily observation on wholesale price and the market arrival of vegetables were analysed. Descriptive statistics and Kalmogorov-Smirnov test were used to understand the severity of disruptions in the vegetable supply chain in India during the lockdown. Then, qualitative information from different stakeholders engaged in the vegetable marketing was collected through a phone survey and assessed using content analysis to comprehend how FPOs have helped farmer’s during this crisis.FindingsThis paper confirms disruptions in the vegetable supply chain. Quantities of chosen vegetables arriving in the mandis were significantly lower than in the previous year for all phases of lockdown. Consequently, prices were much higher than in 2019–2020 for both the lockdown and subsequent phases unlock. Results further suggest that those farmers who are already in networks of FPOs/FPCs are able to get benefited. It was also observed that direct marketing through institutional supports is being more explored in the regions where FPOs/FPCs already exist.Research limitations/implicationsSince it is an exploratory study involving a small sample, the research results may lack generalisability.Originality/valueThis study provides scope for direct marketing through FPOs/FPCs in improving the food supply chain.

scholarly journals The effect of transitioning to renewable energy consumption on the Nigerian oil and gas exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bukar Zanna Waziri ◽  
Aminu Hassan ◽  
Reza Kouhy
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Net energy importing countries (NEICs) pursue strategic policies to reduce the consumption of energy from conventional sources and increase that of renewable energy to attain energy security and sustainable development. However, net energy exporting countries (NEECs) rely substantially on the proceeds realised from oil and gas exports to mainly NEICs to finance government activities. This paper aims to investigate the effect of increased consumption of renewable energy in developed NEICs on the Nigeria’s oil and gas exports. Design/methodology/approach The study was undertaken by analysing macro-economic annual time-series data set (1980-2014) using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. Findings Both the short-run and the long-run results of the ARDL modelling reveal that renewable energy consumption in developed NEICs is affecting Nigeria’s oil and gas exports negatively, thereby causing significant decrease in the amounts of revenue being generated therefrom. Research limitations/implications Like most empirical studies, the conduct of this research has encountered some challenges. Thus, the use of rather small sample in terms of period covered (1980-2014), annual frequency of data and focus on one NEEC (Nigeria) are the key limitations of this paper. While the first two challenges were dealt with by using ARDL, future research can focus on other NEECs to extend the study. Practical implications The findings have several policy implications, including the need for Nigeria to focus on developing internal market trajectories to increase domestic utilisation of its conventional energy rather than depending on external markets. The results also suggest the need for public policymakers to develop a strategic plan that will effectively address the external economic threat arising from the influence of global energy transition. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents the first effort to empirically examine the effect of renewable energy consumption by developed NEICs on the Nigeria’s oil and gas exports. The paper contributes to the literature by providing insight into and documenting evidence that the world is taking transitioning to cleaner energy sources very seriously.

Measuring global research activities using geographic data of scholarly article visits

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Fang ◽  
Xinhui Guo ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhongkai Yang ◽  
Qingchun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Knowledge Diffusion ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Usage Data ◽  
Global Research

Purpose This study aims to analyse the geographical distribution of global research activities and to investigate the knowledge diffusion embodied in scientific papers. Design/methodology/approach The geographical summary of Frontiers articles displays the number of visits and categorizes where the visitors hail from. This study uses the records of 23,798 articles published in 16 Frontiers journals from 2007 to 2015 to analyse the geographical distribution of article visits at both country and city levels. The process of knowledge diffusion is investigated on the basis of the different visiting patterns of new and old papers. Findings Most article visits are concentrated around major metropolitan areas and some high-tech clusters. The top “visiting countries” include both developed countries and developing countries, and the USA and China are two major players. Publishing cities dominate article visits for new papers; as time passes, there is diffusion from the publishing cities to a broader area. Research limitations/implications The data on visiting for open access articles may be generated from various repositories besides the publishers’ websites; these data are ignored, as they are not significant enough to have much influence. There is also a lack of a basic theory in the data processing of outliers in the data set. In addition, only static results are given in this paper, as the data were collected on one day, for one time. A longer time period is necessary to track the dynamic diffusion process of the observations. Practical implications Introduction of usage data will propose a novel way to analyse research activities and track knowledge diffusion. Social implications The visiting data of articles offer a new way to investigate research activities at the city level in a detailed and timely manner, for the geographical distribution of research activities and the research resource allocation of a specific country to be explored. Originality/value This study measured the research activities of scientific papers by examining the usage data. Compared with previous studies that focused on the geographical distribution of scientific activities using publication data, citation data and even altmetrics data, usage data are at the forefront of this research. Therefore, usage data offer a fresh perspective on methodology, providing more detailed and real-time information.

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