Adsorption of Ni++ ions from aqueous solution onto microwave irradiated Sterculia foetida fruit shells

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Nirmala Gnanasundaram ◽  
Aruna Singh ◽  
M Ganesapillai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Pre Treatment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to harness the potential of microwave pre-treatment to prepare carbon from locally available Sterculia foetida fruit shells for adsorption of heavy metals, particularly Nickel ions (Ni++), from effluent. Design/methodology/approach – The pre-treatment methods comprise conventional methods as sun drying and oven drying as well as high intensity microwave drying. Response surface methodology was employed to analyse the optimization of the process. The adsorption behavioural characteristics of the material were established applying adsorption isotherms. Findings – Adsorption of Ni++ was found to be effective in microwave drying at output power of 300 W. It was observed that the maximum adsorption capacity was attained at pH 6; an adsorbent dosage of 0.25 mgml−1 and initial metal ion concentration of 20 ppm with an interactive effect of initial concentration and dosage. Originality/value – The research puts emphasise on prospecting of novel biomass for carbonization and application of the same for effective adsorption. Available literature on Sterculia foetida is very limited and this work will serve to create database on the amenability of processing.

scholarly journals Adsorption Study of Cu2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Bael Flowers (Aegle marmelos)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11891-11904
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Initial Ph

In the present study, batch mode adsorption was carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity of dried bael flowers (Aegle marmelos) for the adsorptive removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions by varying agitation time, initial metal concentration, the dose of adsorbent, temperature, and initial pH of the Cu(II) ion solution. The percentage removal of 98.7% was observed at 50 ppm initial metal ion concentration, 0.5 g/100.00 cm3 adsorbent dosage, within the contact time of 120 minutes at 30 ºC in the pH range of 4 – 7. The sorption processes of Cu(II) ions was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir isotherm had a good fit with the experimental data with 0.97 of correlation coefficient (R2), and the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 23.14 mg g-1 at 30 ºC. The results obtained from sorption thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. SEM analysis showed tubular voids on the adsorbent. FTIR studies indicated the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, –C-O, –C=O, and amide groups in the adsorbent, which can probably involve in metal ion adsorption. Therefore, dried bael flowers can be considered an effective low-cost adsorbent for treating Cu(II) ions.

Mini pretreatment system integrated with micro pre-concentrator and micro GC column

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni Zhang ◽  
Jianhai Sun ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhu ◽  
Jinhua Liu ◽  
Zhanwu Ning
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Portable Instruments ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Limited Sensitivity

Purpose As the concentration of environmental samples was generally very low and existing analytical instruments had limited sensitivity, developing mini pre-treatment systems for effectively concentrating the components was very important and necessary. The purposed of this paper is to develop mini pretreatment system integrated with micro pre-concentrator and micro GC column. Design/methodology/approach In this work, a mini pre-treatment system integrated with a micro pre-concentrator and a micro gas chromatograph (GC) column was proposed. The micro pre-concentrator filled with single-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent materials was able to effectively concentrate the trace environmental sample, which dramatically improved the response of detectors. In addition, instead of conventional columns, micro GC columns were able to effectively separate gas mixtures, which are able to overcome low resolution and poor anti-interference ability of portable instruments. Findings The results demonstrated that the proposed pre-treatment system was able to concentrate the trace sample with a concentration factor of 15 and effectively separate the gas mixtures with a resolution over 1.5. Originality/value A mini pre-treatment system integrated with a micro pre-concentrator and a micro GC column was proposed.

Consumer segmentation based on usage of sales channels in the German wine market

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Szolnoki ◽  
Dieter Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Basic Group ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Consumer Segmentation ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to test the segmentation based on the usage of sales channels and to compare the segments with each other in terms of socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – This study was conducted using representative data collected in Germany through a face-to-face interview. 2,000 German consumers answered questions towards the usage of different sales channels when purchasing wine as well as socio-demographic and other behavioural questions. A hierarchical cluster analysis was run, to classify the respondents into segments. Findings – The results illustrate the usefulness of this kind of segmentation and show significant differences between the six consumer groups: discount-customers, food-retail-customers, supermarket-customers, cellar-door-customers, wine-store-customers and multichannel-customers. These segments differ in their socio-demographic as well as in their behavioural structure. Furthermore, the six segments could be split into two groups depending on their average purchase value: a basic group and a premium group. Practical implications – This segmentation provides an analysing tool for the German retailers, which is able to identify the loyal and potential consumers of the different sales channels. Originality/value – This segmentation was conducted using the purchase activity of German consumers in different sales channels. This segmentation approach has been never used to identify, describe and classify wine consumers.

Adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides adsorbent

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1644-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona El-Sayed ◽  
Gh. Eshaq ◽  
A. E. ElMetwally
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

In our study, Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The structure, composition, morphology and thermal stability of the synthesized Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Batch experiments were performed to study the adsorption behavior of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) as a function of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dose. The maximum adsorption capacity of Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides for cobalt and nickel metal ions was 116.7 mg g−1, and 70.4 mg g−1, respectively. The experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models in linear and nonlinear regression analysis. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Experimental equilibrium data were well represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Also, the maximum monolayer capacity, qmax, obtained was 113.8 mg g−1, and 79.4 mg g−1 for Co(II), and Ni(II), respectively. Our results showed that Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater samples.

Removal of Mn(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Saponified Garlic Peel

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liang ◽  
Wan He Zhao ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Hong Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Garlic Peel

The removal of Mn (II) ion by saponified garlic peel (S-GP) was investigated using batch adsorption. SEM and FT-IR were employed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of S-GP. The adsorption was evaluated as a function of initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity for Mn (II) was 0.51 mol/kg, and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model. Pseudo-second-order models fitted the experimental data well and kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacity and related correlation coefficients at various temperatures were calculated and discussed. A possible adsorption mechanism based on a cation exchange was proposed for the adsorption of Mn (II).

scholarly journals Competitive adsorption and mechanism of hexahydroxy metallic system by aminated solution-blown polyacrylonitrile micro/nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiqing Lou ◽  
Siyu Li ◽  
Xiangwei Feng ◽  
Xianzhong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Metallic System

Abstract Adsorptive properties for Cd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) onto an amidoxime-functionalized polyacrylonitrile (APAN) micro/nanofibers were systematically investigated in hexahydroxy metallic solution system using batch experiments. The interactive effect of multi-metal ions in multi- metal systems was antagonistic in nature, and the adsorption capacity in multi-metal system was lower than that in single-metal system. The Langmuir isotherm model could explain respectively the isotherm and kinetic experimental data for hexahydroxy metallic system with much satisfaction. The maximum adsorption capacity in hexahydroxy metallic for Cd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) was calculated to be 98 mg/L, 158 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 76, 312 and 58 mg/L individually. The APAN micro/nanofibers possessed good selectivity toward Pb(II) and Cr(III), over Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II), having the highest selectivity coefficients at 17.52 and 6.07 in the test range. The five adsorption-desorption cycle experiments exhibited that APAN micro/nanofibers adsorbent are readily reusable, and have potential for heavy metal removal from wastewater. The adsorption behavior in multi-metal systems was shown to be complex, including surface complexation, antagonistic competition and displacement reactions. The diversity and selectivity in metal ion adsorption onto the micro/nanofibers relate mainly to the stability constants, and the microscopic coupling mechanism between the heavy metal ions and the functional groups on the fiber surface. This interaction mechanism between the favorable component and other metal ions could contribute significantly to the direct displacement impact illustrated schematically.

How to enhance the innovation capabilities of manufacturing SMEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Operations Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings A company's ability to innovate can typically be influenced by a range of different factors. Strong impact is possible from the organization's prevailing culture and its type of operations strategy. Potential exists for any impact to be maximized when specific dimensions of culture and strategy combine generate an interactive effect. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Be close or stay away: the interactive effect of loneliness and information frameworks on consumer's anthropomorphic product preference

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Shihao Li ◽  
Hongxia Zhang ◽  
Xuefang Wang ◽  
Guoqun Fu
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Focus Information ◽  
Information Framework ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Product Preference

PurposeThis article investigated the relationship between loneliness and anthropomorphic products.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted three studies to examine their hypotheses.FindingsThe authors confirmed that highly lonely people would like to seek for social relationship. What's more, they may try to compensate by creating a sense of connection with nonhuman products so they will prefer anthropomorphic products. Further, the authors demonstrated that information framework can moderate this effect. Highly lonely consumers would increase their preference to anthropomorphic product under promotion-focus information, whereas they would decrease their preference to anthropomorphic product under prevention-focus information. These effects do not exist in lowly lonely consumers. At the same time, the authors demonstrate that the effect is mediated by perceived social connection.Originality/valueThis article contributes to loneliness literature in the consumer behavior field and proves the moderation effect of the information framework, which can deepen our understanding of the relationship between loneliness and anthropomorphic products.

Transformative potential of events – the case of gay ski week in Queenstown, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1081-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem J.L. Coetzee ◽  
Xiang Neo Liu ◽  
Crystal V. Filep
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose Previous research has explored a relatively narrow representation of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and queer (LGBTQ) community. Yet modern event attendees are part of a diverse niche group within the broader LGBTQ community. This group comprises a wide range of event attendees in search of more than sex, clubs and feather boas. This paper aims to report on empirical research conducted in Queenstown, New Zealand, during the 2016 Gay Ski Week (GSW) and explores the transformative, inclusive potential of event places, social atmospheres and experiences. Design/methodology/approach Ethnographic and autoethnographic research methods were used in this study for the exploration of transformative tourism experiences. Qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews, observations and one of the author’s immersive experiences of the event. This author was able to bridge the divide between research and participant, contributing to a contextualised understanding of various participants’ subjective realities. Findings The paper reports on and discusses empirical findings, which are organised under the meta-themes of place and social atmosphere, attendee experiences, acceptance and inclusivity. Research limitations/implications From these themes emerge a broader understanding of how LGBTQ tourism events can contribute to transformative, inclusive experiences. Originality/value This paper explores the need for event managers to revisit and adapt to the demographic, motivational and behavioural characteristics of the modern gay event attendee. In particular, this paper discovers the motivations of Asian gay attendees as a marginalised community within a traditional LGBTQ event in a traditional heterosexual destination.

Going global, fast or slow? Networking decisions for smaller firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Yuanfei Kang ◽  
Jeffrey C. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firm Strategies ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Expansion Speed ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Purpose This study aims to provide insights into the development of firm strategies of international expansion by examining the direct relationship between internationalization speed and firm performance and by exploring the interactive role played by networking capability. Design/methodology/approach This is an empirical study based on survey data collected from 343 small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Australia and New Zealand. Regression modelling analysis was performed. Findings This study found an inverted U-shape relationship between the speed at which a firm expands internationally and its performance. Expanding too fast or too slow leads to lower performance, and this performance implication is because of an interactive effect of the firm's networking capability. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the literature by generating insights into how firm strategies of international expansion lead to improvement of firm performance, thereby giving guidance and providing suggestions to managers regarding how quickly to internationalize. Practical implications This study contributes to the literature by generating insights into how firm strategies of international expansion lead to improvement of firm performance and by providing suggestions to managers regarding decision-making in developing strategies for international expansion speed. Originality/value This is an original study based on empirical data collected from a management survey.

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