System in package (SiP) technology: fundamentals, design and applications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a novel 3D system-in-package (SiP) approach. This new packaging approach is based on stacked silicon submount technology. As demonstrators, a smart lighting module and a sensor systems were successfully developed by using the fabrication and assembly process described in this paper. Design/methodology/approach The stacked module consists of multiple layers of silicon submounts which can be designed and fabricated in parallel. The 3D stacking design offers higher silicon efficiency and miniaturized package form factor. This platform consists of silicon submount design and fabrication, module packaging, system assembling and testing and analyzing. Findings In this paper, a smart light emitting diode system and sensor system will be described based on stacked silicon submount and 3D SiP technology. The integrated smart lighting module meets the optical requirements of general lighting applications. The developed SiP design is also implemented into the miniaturization of particular matter sensors and gas sensor detection system. Originality/value SiP has great potential of integrating multiple components into a single compact package, which has potential implementation in intelligent applications.

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Using the private finance initiative for energy efficiency projects at the urban scale

International Journal of Energy Sector Management ◽

10.1108/ijesm-12-2014-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 99-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alberto De Marco ◽

Giulio Mangano ◽

Fania Valeria Michelucci ◽

Giovanni Zenezini

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Project Finance ◽

Private Finance Initiative ◽

Content Type ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Alternate Forms ◽

Private Investors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest the usage of the project finance (PF) scheme as a suitable mechanism to fund energy efficiency projects at the urban scale and present its advantages and adoption barriers. Design/methodology/approach – A case study is developed to renew the traffic lighting system of an Italian town via replacement of the old lamps with new light-emitting diode (LED) technology. Several partners are involved in the case project to construct a viable PF arrangement. Findings – The case study presents the viability of the proposed PF scheme that provides for acceptable financial returns and bankability. However, it also shows that the need for short concession periods may call for a public contribution to the initial funding to make the project more attractive to private investors. Practical implications – This case study is a useful guideline for governments and promoters to using the PF arrangement to fund energy efficiency investments in urban settings. It helps designing an appropriate PF scheme and understanding the advantages of PF to reduce risk and, consequently, increase the debt leverage and profitability of energy efficiency projects. Originality/value – This paper contributes to bridging the gap about the lack of works addressing the implementation of the PF mechanism in the energy efficiency sector in urban areas. The importance of this paper is also associated with the shortage of traditional public finance faced by many cities that forces to seek for alternate forms of financing.

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Penyuluhan Alat Deteksi Kesadahan Dalam Air Berbasis Light Dependent Resistor Di Kelurahan Giritontro, Kecamatan Giritontro, Kabupaten Wonogiri

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat MIPA dan Pendidikan MIPA ◽

10.21831/jpmmp.v2i2.21916 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 95-99

Author(s):

Sumarna Sumarna ◽

Dyah Kurniawati Agustikasa ◽

Agus Purwanto ◽

Nur Kadarisman ◽

Anggiyani Ratnaningtyas Eka Nugraheni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Disease ◽

Community Service ◽

Detection System ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Water Hardness ◽

Natural Sciences ◽

State University ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Light Passing ◽

Service Activity

Beberapa daerah di Wonogiri memiliki tanah yang mengandung kapur, sementara itu sebagian masyarakat mengonsumsi air yang berasal dari dalam tanah. Pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tahun 2016 ditemukan permasalahan dalam masyarakat di kelurahan Wonogiri yaitu sulitnya mendeteksi adanya kapur dalam air yang mereka konsumsi. Sebagai akibatnya banyak masyarakat yang menderita penyakit dalam yang diakibatkan pengendapan kapur di dalam tubuh mereka seperti penyakit ginjal. Oleh karenanya, tim PPM Fakultas MIPA Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta membangun sistem pendeteksi adanya kapur dalam cairan berbasis Light Emitting Diode (LED) dan Light Dependent Resistor (LDR). LED digunakan untuk menyinari cairan dengan kadar kapur yang berbeda-beda, kemudian LDR akan mendeteksi cahaya LED yang melewati cairan tersebut. Besar kecilnya nilai luaran LDR akan bergantung kadar kapur dalam cairan. Masyarakat sangat antusias dan mulai menggunakan alat ini untuk mendeteksi adanya kapur di air yang mereka konsumsi. Kata kunci: Kesadahan, LDR, LED Workshop On Detector of Water Hardness Based On Light Dependet Resistor In Giritontro Village, Giritontro District, Wonogiri RegencyAbstract Some areas in Wonogiri contain hardness in its soil, while some people consume water that come from the soil. In community service activity in 2016, we found problems in the community in Giritontro, Wonogiri that is the difficulties to detect the hardness in the water that people consume. As a result, many people who suffer from internal diseases caused by the deposition of lime in their bodies such as kidney disease. Therefore, the PPM team of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Yogyakarta State University built a hardness detection system in liquid based Light Emitting Diode (LED) and Light Dependent Resistor (LDR). LEDs are used to irradiate fluids with different lime levels, then LDR will detect the LED light passing through the liquid. The size of the LDR output value will depend on the lime content in the liquid. People are very enthusiastic and start using this tool to detect the presence of limestone in the water they consume. Keywords: Hardness, LDR, LED

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N-face GaN substrate roughening for improved performance GaN-on-GaN LED

Microelectronics International ◽

10.1108/mi-02-2021-0011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ezzah Azimah Alias ◽

Muhammad Esmed Alif Samsudin ◽

Steven DenBaars ◽

James Speck ◽

Shuji Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Efficiency ◽

External Quantum Efficiency ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Optical Power ◽

Ammonium Hydroxide ◽

Content Type ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Gan Led ◽

Improved Performance ◽

Substrate Roughening

Purpose This study aims to focus on roughening N-face (backside) GaN substrate prior to GaN-on-GaN light-emitting diode (LED) growth as an attempt to improve the LED performance. Design/methodology/approach The N-face of GaN substrate was roughened by three different etchants; ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), a mixture of NH4OH and H2O2 (NH4OH: H2O2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Hexagonal pyramids were successfully formed on the surface when the substrate was subjected to the etching in all cases. Findings Under 30 min of etching, the highest density of pyramids was obtained by NH4OH: H2O2 etching, which was 5 × 109 cm–2. The density by KOH and NH4OH etchings was 3.6 × 109 and 5 × 108 cm–2, respectively. At standard operation of current density at 20 A/cm2, the optical power and external quantum efficiency of the LED on the roughened GaN substrate by NH4OH: H2O2 were 12.3 mW and 22%, respectively, which are higher than its counterparts. Originality/value This study demonstrated NH4OH: H2O2 is a new etchant for roughening the N-face GaN substrate. The results showed that such etchant increased the density of the pyramids on the N-face GaN substrate, which subsequently resulted in higher optical power and external quantum efficiency to the LED as compared to KOH and NH4OH.

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Near-Infrared Light Emitting Diode Based Non-Invasive Glucose Detection System

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2019.17005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 6187-6191 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seung Ho Lee ◽

Min Seok Kim ◽

Ok-Kyun Kim ◽

Hyung-Hwan Baik ◽

Ji-Hye Kim

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Detection System ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Glucose Detection ◽

Near Infrared Light ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Non Invasive

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Enhanced light-emitting diode induced fluorescence detection system with capillary electrophoresis

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460935 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1619 ◽

pp. 460935 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Feng Huo ◽

Ting wan ◽

Yaohui Wang ◽

Yuhang Liu ◽

Pran Gopal Karmaker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capillary Electrophoresis ◽

Fluorescence Detection ◽

Detection System ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Fluorescence Detection System

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Passive Visible Light Detection of Humans

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20071902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1902 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenneth Deprez ◽

Sander Bastiaens ◽

Luc Martens ◽

Wout Joseph ◽

David Plets

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Detection System ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Line Of Sight ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Ambient Light ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Light Sensing ◽

Reflected Light

This paper experimentally investigates passive human visible light sensing (VLS). A passive VLS system is tested consisting of one light emitting diode (LED) and one photodiode-based receiver, both ceiling-mounted. There is no line of sight between the LED and the receiver, so only reflected light can be considered. The influence of a human is investigated based on the received signal strength (RSS) values of the reflections of ambient light at the photodiode. Depending on the situation, this influence can reach up to ± 50 % . The experimental results show the influence of three various clothing colors, four different walking directions and four different layouts. Based on the obtained results, a human pass-by detection system is proposed and tested. The system achieves a detection rate of 100% in a controlled environment for 21 experiments. For a realistic corridor experiment, the system keeps its detection rate of 100% for 19 experiments.

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Antibacterial Mechanism of 405-Nanometer Light-Emitting Diode against Salmonella at Refrigeration Temperature

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02582-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Min-Jeong Kim ◽

Hyun-Gyun Yuk

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Gene Regulation ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Dna Oxidation ◽

Uptake System ◽

Antibacterial Mechanism ◽

Content Type ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Gene Expression Levels

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism of 405 ± 5-nm light-emitting diode (LED) illumination against Salmonella at 4°C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by determining endogenous coproporphyrin content, DNA oxidation, damage to membrane function, and morphological change. Gene expression levels, including of oxyR, recA, rpoS, sodA, and soxR, were also examined to understand the response of Salmonella to LED illumination. The results showed that Salmonella strains responded differently to LED illumination, revealing that S. enterica serovar Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) and S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Saintpaul (ATCC 9712) were more susceptible and resistant, respectively, than the 16 other strains tested. There was no difference in the amounts of endogenous coproporphyrin in the two strains. Compared with that in nonilluminated cells, the DNA oxidation levels in illuminated cells increased. In illuminated cells, we observed a loss of efflux pump activity, damage to the glucose uptake system, and changes in membrane potential and integrity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a disorganization of chromosomes and ribosomes due to LED illumination. The levels of the five genes measured in the nonilluminated and illuminated S. Saintpaul cells were upregulated in PBS at a set temperature of 4°C, indicating that increased gene expression levels might be due to a temperature shift and nutrient deficiency rather than to LED illumination. In contrast, only oxyR in S. Enteritidis cells was upregulated. Thus, different sensitivities of the two strains to LED illumination were attributed to differences in gene regulation. IMPORTANCE Bacterial inactivation using visible light has recently received attention as a safe and environmentally friendly technology, in contrast with UV light, which has detrimental effects on human health and the environment. This study was designed to understand how 405 ± 5-nm light-emitting diode (LED) illumination kills Salmonella strains at refrigeration temperature. The data clearly demonstrated that the effectiveness of LED illumination on Salmonella strains depended highly on the serotype and strain. Our findings also revealed that its antibacterial mechanism was mainly attributed to DNA oxidation and a loss of membrane functions rather than membrane lipid peroxidation, which has been proposed by other researchers who studied the antibacterial effect of LED illumination by adding exogenous photosensitizers, such as chlorophyllin and hypericin. Therefore, this study suggests that the detailed antibacterial mechanisms of 405-nm LED illumination without additional photosensitizers may differ from that by exogenous photosensitizers. Furthermore, a change in stress-related gene regulation may alter the susceptibility of Salmonella cells to LED illumination at refrigeration temperature. Thus, our study provides new insights into the antibacterial mechanism of 405 ± 5-nm LED illumination on Salmonella cells.

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