Properties of glass/epoxy sandwich structure for electronic boards

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Alena Pietrikova ◽  
Tomas Lenger ◽  
Olga Fricova ◽  
Lubos Popovic ◽  
Lubomir Livovsky
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Main Property ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Glass Type ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Point Bend

Purpose This study aims to characterize a novel glass/epoxy architecture sandwich structure for electronic boards. Understanding the thermo-mechanical behavior of these composites is important because it is possible to pre-determine whether defined “internal” thick laminates will be suitable for embedding components in the direction of the axis “z,” i.e. this method of manufacturing multilayer laminates can be used for incoming miniaturization in electronics. Design/methodology/approach Laminates with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) and high Tg with E-glass type were treated, tested and compared. Testing samples were manufactured by nonstandard two steps unidirectional lamination as a multilayer structure based on prepreg layers and as “a sandwich structure” to explore its effect on thermo-mechanical properties. The proposed tested method determines the time and temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties of the board by using dynamic mechanical analysis, thermo-mechanical analysis and three-point bend tests. Findings This testing method was chosen because the main property that promotes sandwich structure is their high stiffness. Glass/epoxy stiff and thermal stabile sandwich structure prepared by nonstandard two-stage lamination is proper for embedding components and the next miniaturization in electronics. Originality/value Compared with by-default applied glass-reinforced homogenous laminates, novel architecture sandwich structure is attractive because of a combination of strength, stiffness and all while maintaining the miniaturization requirement and multifunctional application in electronics.

Accurate composition dependent thermo mechanical lifetime estimation of hour glass type solder joint in electronic assemblies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Anatolevich Olenev ◽  
Rafina Rafkatovna Zakieva ◽  
Nina Nikolaevna Smirnova ◽  
Rustem Adamovich Shichiyakh ◽  
Kirill Aleksandrovich Ershov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solder Joint ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Lifetime Estimation ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Glass Type ◽  
Electronic Assemblies

Purpose This study aims to present a more accurate lifetime prediction model considering solder chemical composition. Design/methodology/approach Thermal cycling and standard creep tests as well as finite element simulation were used. Findings The study found lower error in the solder joint lifetime evaluation. The higher the Ag content is, the higher the lifetime is achieved. Originality/value It is confirmed.

Laser pulses and rotation effects with the temperature-dependent properties in micropolar thermoelastic solids with microtemperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed I.A. Othman ◽  
Ramadan S. Tantawi ◽  
Mohamed I.M. Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermoelastic Medium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thermoelastic Solid ◽  
Temperature Dependent Properties ◽  
Physical Quantities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report effect of rotation of micropolar thermoelastic solid with microtemperatures heated by laser pulses. The problem was solved analytically to obtain the expressions of the physical quantities.Design/methodology/approachThe analytical method used was the normal mode.FindingsNumerical results for the physical quantities were presented graphically and the results were analyzed. The comparisons were established in variant cases of the effects used and then shown graphically.Originality/valueIn the present work, the authors shall discuss the effect of rotation and temperature-dependent properties with the laser pulses in the micropolar thermoelastic medium with microtemperatures. This problem is very important in more empirical branches such as the human body and earthquake engineering.

Application for online conferences and meetings

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochammad Rifai ◽  
Devi Fitrianah
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Process Validation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Black Box Testing ◽  
The Web

Purpose This study aims to support an institution to hold an online meeting or conference in the middle of social distancing, which is currently in effect. Design/methodology/approach In developing this application, rapid application design methodology is used. The implementation used HTML5 and PHP for the Web and MySQL for the database and Agora Software Development Kit. To evaluate the application, the authors had a black box testing method. Findings This application will support the participant registration process, validation, payment, providing a link to the workshop to the participant, token and room name to be able to join an online meeting or conference up to the process of giving a digital attendance certificate to participants or members participating in it. Originality/value An integrated Web application provides full services, starting from the registration process, payment, the conference meeting itself and certificate of attendance.

Simulation of revised nanofluid model in the stagnation region of cross fluid by expanding-contracting cylinder

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 2193-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Surface ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Stagnation Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mass Transport Mechanisms

Purpose This paper aims to address stagnation point flow of cross nanofluid in frames of hydromagnetics. Flow analysis subjected to expanding-contracting cylinder is studied. Design/methodology/approach Nonlinear problems are computed by using bvp4c procedure. Findings Radius of curvature and temperature-dependent heat sink-source significantly affects heat-mass transport mechanisms for cylindrical surface. Originality/value No such analysis has yet been reported.

Comparative analysis of drape characteristics of actually and virtually draped fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-301
Author(s):  
Evrim Buyukaslan ◽  
Simona Jevsnik ◽  
Fatma Kalaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Shape Representations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
Fabric Drape ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Virtual Fabric

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare real fabric drape images and virtual fabric drape images created by a commercial software. To achieve an in-depth comparison, actual and virtual drape shape properties were considered under three categories: drape area, number of nodes and shape of folds. The results of this research are expected to be useful to improve the reality and accuracy of fabric and garment. Design/methodology/approach Five different fabrics were selected for this study. Fabrics’ mechanical properties were tested by fabric assurance for simple testing method, while drape properties were measured by a Cusick drape meter. A commercial garment simulation was used to generate virtual fabric drapes. Real fabric drape images and virtual fabric drape images were analyzed by an image analysis software and results were used to calculate drape properties. Regression analysis was performed to compare real fabric drape and virtual fabric drape properties. Findings Differences between real fabric drape and virtual fabric drape were stated clearly. Simulation software was found to be insufficient to reflect drape area. However, simulations were quite successful corresponding to the number of nodes. Only one simulation had +2 nodes than its actual counterpart. This study showed that area and node shape representations of simulation software should be improved while node numbers are sufficiently represented. Research limitations/implications There are alternative 3D garment simulation software available to the fashion business. All these companies are working on to improve their simulation reality and accuracy. Some of them are also offering various equipment to measure the fabric properties. In this study, Optitex 3D Suite was selected as the simulation software due to several reasons as explained in this paper. However, other simulation programs might also be employed to perform virtual fabric drapes. Furthermore, in this study, the drape images of five woven fabrics were compared. The fabric selection was done according to a pre-test and consequently similar fabrics were determined to be the subject of the study. However, the more the number of the fabrics, the better the comparison and eventually the better the assessment of simulation success. Therefore, it is prospected to test more fabrics with versatile fabric properties for further studies. Originality/value Drape shape was observed from three perspectives: drape area, node numbers, and node shapes. Dealing the problem from these perspectives provided an in-depth comparison of real and virtual drapes. In this study, standard deviation of peak angles was used to explain node distribution that is new to the literature to the authors’ knowledge.

A market testing method based on crowd funding

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Charles Sheldon ◽  
Martin Kupp
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Commercial Potential ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Intuitive Method

Purpose This paper provides a tool for managers to overcome a common paradox in situations of innovation. The paradox occurs when the commercial viability of ideas for new products and services is unknown, making managers loath to invest scarce resources in developing them for fear that they will lose them if the idea is a non-starter. The result is that ideas sit on the shelf, idle and untested. This paper provides a low-cost, intuitive method for determining if a new idea has sufficient commercial potential to warrant investing in its development, thereby resolving the paradox. Design/methodology/approach The method is based on six marketing mechanisms derived from crowd funding: choosing a target prospect and positioning, creating a prototype, setting a price based on value, locating prospects; getting an address, communicating with prospects; delivering an effective pitch, and measuring results through advance commitments. The method is illustrated using two entrepreneurial cases. Findings Managers who use the method can validate ideas in the marketplace quickly and at low cost, obtaining the information they need to justify an investment in the research, planning and analysis required for commercialization. Originality/value The paper identifies a common but little discussed obstacle to innovation, the development paradox, and proposes a novel method of overcoming it. Market testing is not new, but most known methods do not solve the development paradox because they require a significant outlay of resources to undertake.

Method development for the cyclic characterization of thin copper layers for PCB applications

Circuit World ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fellner ◽  
P.F. Fuchs ◽  
G. Pinter ◽  
T. Antretter ◽  
T. Krivec
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Hyperelastic Material ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Point Bend

Purpose – The overall aim of this research work was the improvement of the failure behavior of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In order to describe the mechanical behavior of PCBs under cyclic thermal loads, thin copper layers were characterized. The mechanical properties of these copper layers were determined in cyclic four-point bend tests and in cyclic tensile-compression tests, as their behavior under changing tensile and compression loads needed to be evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – Specimens for the four-point bend tests were manufactured by bonding 18-μm-thick copper layers on both sides of 10-mm-thick silicone plates. The silicone was characterized in tensile, shear and blow-up tests to provide input data for a hyperelastic material model. Specimens for the cyclic tensile-compression tests were produced in a compression molding process. Four layers of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (thickness 90 μm) and five layers of copper (thickness 60 μm) were applied. Findings – The results showed that, due to the hyperelastic material behavior of silicone, the four-point bend tests were applicable only for small strains, while the cyclic tensile-compression tests could successfully be applied to characterize thin copper foils in tensile and compression up to 1 percent strain. Originality/value – Thin copper layers (foils) could be characterized successfully under cyclic tensile and compression loads.

Compression plate buckling behavior of fused fabric composites

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Namiranian ◽  
S. Shaikhzadeh Najar ◽  
A. Salehzadeh Nobari
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Compression Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Plate Buckling ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
Fabric Composites ◽  
Compression Plate

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate some important parameters in plate buckling of fused interlining worsted fabric with different weight and laying‐up direction. The article compares the formability of fused fabric composite by two different methods (Lindberg's hypothesis and fabric assurance by simple testing method).Design/methodology/approachPlate buckling compression behavior of fused fabric composite is investigated using a special designed clamp according to Dahlberg's test method.FindingsThe result shows that fusible interlining lay‐up angle significantly influences on buckling parameters. It is indicated that the buckling behavior of fused fabric composite against lay‐up interlining direction is in accordance with interlining buckling behavior. The result of research suggests that the formability behavior of fused fabric composite with interlining lay‐up direction is predictable according to Lindberg's method.Research limitations/implicationsExperimental design is limited at low speed. Further research works are needed to perform buckling behavior of fused fabric composites at higher speeds as well as under cyclic loading conditions.Originality/valueCompression plate buckling behavior of fused interlining fabrics is predictable against interlining laying‐up direction. The result of this research could be used in the area of garment quality serviceability.

Additive manufacturing infill optimization for automotive 3D-printed ABS components

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Schmitt ◽  
Raj Mattias Mehta ◽  
Il Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Failure Strength ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Point Bend

Purpose Lightweighting of components in the automotive industry is a prevailing trend influenced by both consumer demand and government regulations. As the viability of additively manufactured designs continues to increase, traditionally manufactured components are continually being replaced with 3D-printed parts. The purpose of this paper is to present experimental results and design considerations for 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) components with non-solid infill sections, addressing a large gap in the literature. Information published in this paper will guide engineers when designing fused deposition modeling (FDM) ABS parts with infill regions. Design/methodology/approach Uniaxial tensile tests and three-point bend tests were performed on 12 different build configurations of 20 samples. FDM with ABS was used as the manufacturing method for the samples. Failure strength and elastic modulus were normalized on print time and specimen mass to quantify variance between configurations. Optimal infill configurations were selected and used in two automotive case study examples. Findings Results obtained from the uniaxial tensile tests and three-point bend tests distinctly showed that component strength is highly influenced by the infill choice selected. Normalized results indicate that solid, double dense and triangular infill, all with eight contour layers, are optimal configurations for component regions experiencing high stress, moderate stress and low stress, respectively. Implementation of the optimal infill configurations in automotive examples yielded equivalent failure strength without normalization and significantly improved failure strength on a print time and mass normalized index. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to experimentally determine and quantify optimal infill configurations for FDM ABS printed parts. Published data in this paper are also of value to engineers requiring quantitative material properties for common infill configurations.

A set of constitutive functions for dried body to predict entire deformation process of ceramic products during firing

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 2668-2697
Author(s):  
Seishiro Matsubara ◽  
Kenjiro Tarada ◽  
Takaya Kobayashi ◽  
Toshiyuki Saitou ◽  
Manabu Umeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Densification Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Deformations ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a set of constitutive functions for dried bodies for accurate prediction of the entire deformation process of ceramic products during firing and to present relevant methods for determining their coefficients from a series of respective thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) tests. Design/methodology/approach The function forms of the sintering-induced strain rate, viscoplastic multiplier and elastic modulus are formulated in order with reference to empirical data of relative densities. Separate TMA tests are conducted to identify their coefficients, while a stairway thermal cycle test is carried out to identify the parameters in the densification rate. Then, various finite element analyses (FEA) are performed for accuracy confirmation. Findings The performances of the present constitutive functions along with the identified material parameters were validated in comparison with the relevant test results. It has then been confirmed that these functions enable us to some extent to accurately estimate the non-mechanical and mechanical deformations of dried bodies during firing. Also, by performing FEA of an actual sanitary ware product, the applicability and capability of the proposed set of constitutive functions could be demonstrated. Practical implications The present methodology with the proposed constitutive functions is a simple, but reliable and practical approach for simulating the deformation process of arbitrary ceramic products subjected to firing and applicable for practical applications in various engineering fields. Originality/value The constitutive functions of the viscoplastic multiplier and elastic modulus, which enable us to properly characterize the mechanical behavior of dried bodies subjected to firing, are originally formulated in analogy with that of the sintering-induced strain.

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