OPEC elasticity offsets supply risks and uneven demand

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
The West ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Supply Risks

Significance Crude inventories have fallen mildly in the second half of 2021, but the modest demand recovery obliges producers to practise restraint. Quota compliance is a concern for OPEC+, as is US shale output, which has fallen but could revive if prices exceed USD50 per barrel. Impacts If the oil demand recovery is weaker than expected, especially in the West, it would pivot OPEC+ talks to continuing current supply cuts. A breakdown in OPEC+ cooperation is unlikely given the common interest in stable prices, but more hawkish members may have to compromise. Vaccine trial success led investors to sell tech and buy travel stocks, but commuter and business travel patterns may change permanently.

Oil demand lifts prices, but further upside is limited

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Prices ◽  
Price Increase ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Oil Demand

Significance Rising Chinese imports and falling inventories point to demand exceeding supply at present. However, concerns over how quickly, reliably and fully oil consumption will recover cloud the outlook for prices, alongside doubts over the ability of OPEC+ to maintain supply restraint in the face of rising output by non-OPEC producers. Impacts Higher oil prices will bring some fiscal relief to oil-producing countries, but the financial position of many will remain weak. The price increase is unlikely to reverse the recent pivot of European oil majors towards more sustainable technologies. OPEC+ cooperation will continue given the common interest in stable prices, but less cohesion will moderate the group's ambition. Libyan oil output, which had resumed 2019 levels, is facing more disruption and the prospects for higher Iranian output remain uncertain.

Demand risks will dominate oil supply risks in 2019

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Supply Risks

Headline INTERNATIONAL: Oil demand risks exceed supply concerns

scholarly journals Basisvorming voor iedereen?

Pedagogiek ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
Jan Terwel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Central Question ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Individual Potential ◽  
The Common ◽  
Aptitude Treatment Interaction ◽  
High Standards

Abstract Individual differences and the common curriculum This article deals with the issue of individual differences and the common curriculum for 12-16 year old pupils. The central question is: is it possible to maintain high standards for all without reducing opportunities for brighter pupils to achieve educational results according to their individual potential? To answer this question, three research traditions are examined: research about the West-German comprehensive schools; research about class composition; research about effective teaching and Aptitude Treatment Interaction. The conclusion from this examination is that it is difficult to combine high standards for all and excellence for a few.

scholarly journals Explicating the role of innovation intermediaries in the “unknown”: a contingency approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Agogué ◽  
Elsa Berthet ◽  
Tobias Fredberg ◽  
Pascal Le Masson ◽  
Blanche Segrestin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Interest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Intermediaries ◽  
The Common ◽  
Actor Networks ◽  
Collective Innovation ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Contingency Approach

Purpose Innovation intermediaries have become key actors in open innovation (OI) contexts. Research has improved the understanding of the managerial challenges inherent to intermediation in situations in which problems are rather well defined. Yet, in some OI situations, the relevant actor networks may not be known, there may be no clear common interest, or severe problems may exist with no legitimate common place where they can be discussed. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the research on innovation intermediaries by showing how intermediaries address managerial challenges related to a high degree of unknown. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw upon the extant literature to highlight the common core functions of different types of intermediaries. The authors then introduce the “degree of unknown” as a new contingency variable for the analysis of the role of intermediaries for each of these core functions. The authors illustrate the importance of this new variable with four empirical case studies in different industries and countries in which intermediaries are experiencing situations of high level of unknown. Findings The authors highlight the specific managerial principles that the four intermediaries applied in creating an environment for collective innovation. Originality/value Thereby, the authors clarify what intermediation in the unknown may entail.

scholarly journals Unilateral acts and peremptory norms (Jus Cogens) in the international law commission’s work

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sief Abdel Hameed Menshawy
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Community ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
Jus Cogens ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Peremptory Norms ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Law Commission

Purpose This paper aims to explore the evolution of the notion of peremptory norms (Jus Cogens) in international law through the work of the International Law Commission on unilateral acts. Design/methodology/approach The study depended on analyzing the work of the International Law Commission on two topics: Unilateral Acts 2006 and Reservations to treaties 2011 to reveal the relation between jus cogens and unilateral acts. Findings Jus cogens restrict unilateral acts like treaties due to the recognition of the importance and necessity of the concept of Jus cogens in protecting the fundamental interests of the international community. Practical implications States must be compatible with jus cogens when making any reservation on a treaty and also when taking any unilateral act. Originality/value This paper reveals the importance of jus cogens in promoting the values of the international community and the need of such notion to protect the common interest of that community.

Diplomatics in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Weimei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
The Common ◽  
Further Development

Purpose – This paper aims to explore if there is an analogous discipline in China to diplomatics. Design/methodology/approach – A comparison method is used for the exploration. Five Chinese disciplines are chosen for the comparison, which are Wenxian xue, Bianwei xue, Dangan jianbian xue, Wenshu xue and Gu wenshu xue. The diplomatics, as discussed in this paper, is modern diplomatics, as exemplified in the work of Dr Luciana Duranti. Findings – It was found that while there is no such Chinese discipline identical to diplomatics, its knowledge is distributed among several Chinese disciplines. This indicates the common concern and efforts in the West and East and the potential for the further development of diplomatics as a global discipline. Research limitations/implications – The disciplines this paper has examined are what this author is aware of that share certain similarities with diplomatics and the discussion is based on this author’s understanding; thus, it is possible that there are disciplines that this author did not know or the understanding is insufficient to reveal all the connections between diplomatics and these disciplines. Further research from other perspectives might be needed. Originality/value – To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first paper in English comparing Chinese diplomatic disciplines with diplomatics. It has also shed some light on the development of several Chinese disciplines.

Wang Tʻao and Incipient Chinese Nationalism

1967 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Chief Editor ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
The West ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chinese Nationalism ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

The first emergence of modern Chinese nationalism is usually placed in the A period just after China's defeat by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895. It was in 1895 that the youthful Sun Yat-sen made his initial revolutionary attempt to destroy the Manchu house. In the same year the nationalist-minded interpreter of Western political and social thought, Yen Fu, published a series of important essays which brought him for the first time before the public eye. Something of the spirit of the gathering tide of nationalism could be seen in the forceful editorials of Wang K'ang-nien (1860–1911) in Shih-wu pao (“The Chinese Progress”), a newspaper which he founded in August 1896 with Liang Chʻi-chʻao as chief editor. In one of his editorials (1896) Wang listed the components of China's national sovereignty that had been whittled away by the West and implored his countrymen to view this as the common shame of China's four hundred millions, rather than the shame of one or two persons alone. Wang struck a similar chord in another piece in which he argued that since the interests of all members of society were linked together, people should look upon the whole of society as one family and identify the common interest as their own.

scholarly journals Use of Proteins Identified through a Functional Genomic Screen To Develop a Protein Subunit Vaccine That Provides Significant Protection against Virulent Streptococcus suis in Pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brockmeier ◽  
Crystal L. Loving ◽  
Tracy L. Nicholson ◽  
Jinhong Wang ◽  
Sarah E. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis is a bacterium that is commonly carried in the respiratory tract and that is also one of the most important invasive pathogens of swine, commonly causing meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. Due to the existence of many serotypes and a wide range of immune evasion capabilities, efficacious vaccines are not readily available. The selection of S. suis protein candidates for inclusion in a vaccine was accomplished by identifying fitness genes through a functional genomics screen and selecting conserved predicted surface-associated proteins. Five candidate proteins were selected for evaluation in a vaccine trial and administered both intranasally and intramuscularly with one of two different adjuvant formulations. Clinical protection was evaluated by subsequent intranasal challenge with virulent S. suis . While subunit vaccination with the S. suis proteins induced IgG antibodies to each individual protein and a cellular immune response to the pool of proteins and provided substantial protection from challenge with virulent S. suis , the immune response elicited and the degree of protection were dependent on the parenteral adjuvant given. Subunit vaccination induced IgG reactive against different S. suis serotypes, indicating a potential for cross protection.

scholarly journals From “Technical Newbies” to “Optimistic Politicians”

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Prater ◽  
Konstantinos Kirytopoulos ◽  
Tony Ma
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Information Technology Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Project Estimation ◽  
Engineering Projects

Purpose Despite the advent of sophisticated control methods, there are still significant issues regarding late delivery of information technology projects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the common causes of scheduling problems specifically in the information technology projects context. Design/methodology/approach Through a quantitative research, the importance of those causes, as well as the underpinning factors driving them, is explored. The causes are ranked according to their relative important index, and exploratory factor analysis is employed to reveal underlying dimensions (factors) of these causes. Findings From the analysis, four factors were extracted, namely, “Dataless Newbie,” “Technical Newbie,” “Pragmatic Futurist” and “Optimistic Politician.” These factors explain the different latent conditions that lead to scheduling problems in information technology projects. Practical implications The key contribution of this research is that it enlightens the latent conditions underpinning scheduling problems. Also, the evidence provides that schedule development for information technology projects is impacted by the same causes that impact engineering projects, and that applying a number of mitigation techniques widely used within the engineering area, such as reference class, would, no doubt, not only improve information technology schedules but also reduce the political pressures on the project manager. Originality/value This research provides a valuable insight into understanding the underlying factors for poor project estimation.

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