China's Five-Year Plan aims at economic security

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
New Strategies

Significance The lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic and responses to more antagonistic relations with the United States have been written into Beijing's long-term plans. Some existing priorities have gained new salience and new strategies have been added. Impacts Self-sufficiency means more emphasis on a strong manufacturing sector and less on services. Downplaying GDP growth acknowledges the uncertainty of the medium-term outlook and the inevitability of growth slowing in the longer term. Increases in per capita income will help promote demand growth, as will expanding online consumer markets, especially in rural areas. Major targets for consumption spending include cars, housing and services such as education and healthcare.

India’s vaccine diplomacy brings money and influence

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
The World

Significance Last week, its partners in the ‘Quad’ grouping -- the United States, Japan and Australia -- agreed to help increase its vaccine manufacturing and exporting capacity. Each of the Quad members is wary of China, which like India is gifting and selling coronavirus jabs around the world. Impacts India’s manufacturing sector will attract more foreign direct investment. Greater cooperation over supply chains will help strengthen India-Australia ties. Indian pharma will in the long term aim to ease dependence on imports of active pharmaceutical ingredients from China.

China’s ‘dual circulation’ aims at economic security

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Run ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Quantum Technology ◽  
D Investment

Significance It contains both continuity, in its emphasis on domestic demand as a driver of growth, and discontinuity, in its shift in focus towards adjusting to unfavourable external conditions -- in particular tension with the United States, which Beijing expects will continue in the long term. Impacts In the short run, the lingering effects of the pandemic and recurrence of local outbreaks will constrain more buoyant consumption growth. Electronic components, food and energy will be priorities for self-reliance. Significant rises in R&D investment will be needed if China is to increase its innovation capacity substantially. Priority sectors such as artificial intelligence, semiconductors, quantum technology and life sciences will be specific targets for R&D.

No sign of break in Turkish-US arms deal impasse

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Defence Sector

Significance Blinken was told Turkey’s purchase of the Russian S-400 air defence system was a closed issue, Cavusoglu said. NATO member Turkey remains unwilling to give them up even at the expense of relations with the United States deteriorating further under President Joe Biden. Impacts Biden’s determination to revitalise NATO, post-Trump, signals there will be no tolerance for Turkish moves to destabilise the alliance. Sanctions on Turkey’s procurement agency will work against Turkey’s push towards defence sector self-sufficiency. Anything short of deploying the S-400s would be politically unacceptable for the government’s domestic base.

Plans will raise China's profile in standard-setting

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
International Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Development Feature ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Industry Associations

Significance They establish a framework for building China’s influence in the standard-setting realm over the next 15 years. China has developed a considerable presence in standards development organisations, both at the international level and in industry associations primarily based in the United States and Europe. However, its influence in these forums remains low relative to its ambitions. Impacts China will allow market-driven multistakeholder standards associations a greater role in a process so far coordinated mainly by the state. The Communist Party will maintain an overall leadership role in driving China’s standardisation work. China-led regional forums and China-based multistakeholder associations may in the long term displace US-based forums in specific areas. Environmental protection and 'green development' feature heavily in the guidelines, offering concrete areas for international cooperation. China will look to gain competencies in accreditation, certification, inspection and testing, where it has historically lagged.

Forty years of rural reform in China: retrospect and future prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Reform ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

Purpose Bottlenecked by rural underdevelopment, China’s overall development is bound to be inadequate and unbalanced. Through a brief retrospect of the reform directed against the “equalitarianism (egalitarianism)” in China’s rural areas, as well as the Chinese Government’s conceptual transformation and systemic construction and improvement thereof, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the panoramic significance of rural reform; the necessity, priority, and long-term nature of the current rural development; and the important role of public policy in doing so. It also looks ahead to consider the prospects for future rural reform. Design/methodology/approach This paper first reviews the rural reforms that were carried out in 1978. Second, it introduces the government’s conceptual change regarding rural reform and the establishment and improvement of the system that underlies it. Finally, the future of rural reform is envisaged. Findings The initial rural reforms brought extensive and profound changes to China’s rural areas. The experience of rural reform has been referred to and escalated by other fields of study. Hence, rural reforms have become something of global significance. Moreover, since the government can undertake reforms well beyond the reach of farmers, its views must be modified in a timely manner, and only then may it reasonably construct and improve the system pertaining to the “three rural issues (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers).” Originality/value This paper reviews the rural reforms carried out in 1978. It introduces the government’s change of concept with respect to rural reforms and the establishment and improvement of the system based on the “three rural issues,” thus looking forward to the future of rural reforms. The findings of this paper are of significance to the formulation of future agricultural policies.

scholarly journals Insects and Their Products as a Potential Source of Food, Feed and Economic Security: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
S. A Dattijo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
High Level

Due to many ways by which they are exploited, insects and their products could be a very big business. They are sold for agricultural protection, crop pollination, as well as human, livestock and pet nutrition. In addition, their products are sold for pharmaceuticals, health, and the implements for research, art works and a host of other uses. This review focused on commercialization of insects and their products with a view of sharing existing knowledge on global commerce of various insects and their products. Available literature revealed that there was an increase in demand for edible insects in the United States of America and prices were as high as $150 kg-1. Similarly, between 2010 and 2015, animal feed market in the United Kingdom grew at 3.5% annually and is currently worth £5 billion. Because of its scarcity, high demand, and recognition of its healing properties, royal jelly, one of the most sought after from bee products commands astronomical price internationally. In addition, no any other industry could generate high level of employment as sericulture, especially in rural areas where it takes 11 workdays to produce a Kg of raw silk. The contribution insects and their products can give to improve the economy of a developing country such as Nigeria is considerable, but underestimated or neglected. Insects are unlikely to make a major contribution in the near future, but the idea that they are potential source of overcoming the economic problems is not as farfetched as it seemed. Therefore, there is the need to adopt an added value approach to insects and their products and sensitize as well as encourage small-scale farmers, who are disadvantaged in international market participation due to lack of access to information, services, technology or the capacity, to produce larger volumes of quality insect products.

A Regional Approach to Mobility Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Morgan D. Vogel ◽  
Robert Blair ◽  
Jerome Deichert
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Across the United States there is increased pressure for communities, especially in states like Nebraska, to engage in sustainable transportation infrastructure development. Through a case study of an ongoing statewide transportation initiative in nonmetropolitan Nebraska, this chapter examines transportation sustainability and planning from a regional and collaborative perspective. The Nebraska effort can be adapted to other states with significant rural and dispersed population centers. Funded by the state and the federal governments, Nebraska's transportation initiative, using an innovative public-private partnership, is creating and enhancing regional transit services in small urban and rural areas, using public transportation as a means to promote long-term economic growth and sustainability. Smaller urban and micropolitan communities, often serving as regional growth centers, frequently are overlooked when it comes to research on transportation planning and policy.

University-centred entrepreneurial ecosystems in resource-constrained contexts

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1149-1166
Author(s):  
Zsolt Bedő ◽  
Katalin Erdős ◽  
Luke Pittaway
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems

PurposeResearch on entrepreneurial ecosystems has advanced over recent years and has become a popular topic. Despite the interest, previous work has focused on entrepreneurial ecosystems in large cities in the United States. Ecosystems in small cities, underpopulated rural areas, university towns and outside the USA have not been considered much. This paper begins to address this deficit by reviewing three groups of literature.Design/methodology/approachFrom the review, the paper builds a conceptual framework to consider entrepreneurial ecosystems led by universities. After summarizing the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurial universities and entrepreneurship education, the paper suggests a conceptual framework outlying the structure, components and mechanisms that enable universities to operate as catalysts in the creation of entrepreneurial ecosystems.FindingsIt is evident that on many of the “ingredients” of a successful entrepreneurial ecosystem, a resource-constrained environment would have many gaps. Building an entrepreneurship ecosystem in such contexts would be inherently challenging. The model presented suggests that the presence of a university in such locations should enhance the prospects of progress but that the nature of the university itself would impact any outcomes. Universities that make concerted efforts to be entrepreneurial and that have entrepreneurship programmes have strategies available to them that can enhance entrepreneurship ecosystems over time.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is to show “how” a university and its entrepreneurship programme can operationally address deficits in a local ecosystem and how it might bring about positive change. The paper also opens new avenues for entrepreneurship education researchers.

Overeducation, persistence and unemployment in Spanish labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Adolfo Cosme Fernández Puente
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
The One ◽  
Term Labour

PurposeThe phenomenon of overeducation and the magnitude and persistence of the imbalance impact are analysed for the Spanish labour market from 2006 to 2013.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present random-effects probit estimations comparing individuals and their short-term and long-term labour mismatches.FindingsThe results support the existence of long-term persistence (status in the previous year) and short-term persistence (status at the beginning of the observed period) in overeducation. Precariousness in the labour market, measured by temporality or by the strong destruction of employment, could force individuals to choose a job below their qualification. Additionally, the phenomenon of overeducation is shown to have increased in the period 2010–2013 in relation to the period 2006–2009 independently of the region considered, though those regions with higher unemployment rates display greater imbalances.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the results come from two different samples, it is possible to conclude that overeducation is a phenomenon that tends to perpetuate over time in Spain.Practical implicationsOne of the issues of greatest interest that is crucial to assess the relevance of the spreading of overeducation is whether overeducation can be considered as a temporal mismatch, in which case the seriousness of the problem would not be so important, or, on the contrary, as a persistent one, in which case, governments should take it into account in their education reform programmes.Originality/valueOvereducation persistence has been studied in countries such as the United States, Canada, Switzerland or Germany; however, in Spain, there are hardly any studies. Spanish labour market has certain specificities that make the analyses relevant: the high unemployment rates and high elasticity of employment with respect to the economic cycles. Under these circumstances, workers could opt for more stable positions that require a lower qualification than the one they have. This option could be even more convenient during crisis. Additionally, the article includes a disaggregated analysis by Spanish regions. The differences in the unemployment rates within and between regions are significant (some of them had at the beginning of the crisis an unemployment rate close to 7%, while in others it exceeded 12%) which allows the authors to study the phenomenon in different contexts.

scholarly journals Channel relationships from the perspectives of manufacturers and their connecting distributors in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Sukresna ◽  
John Hamilton ◽  
Singwhat Tee
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Satisfaction ◽  
Channel Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Channel Theory

Purpose – Paired channel relationship constructs are used to conjointly compare the perspectives of Indonesian manufacturers and their connecting distributors when engaging and relating across each shared marketing channel. The purpose of this paper is to hypothesize long-term orientation (LTO) and role-performance as joint drivers that positively influence dependence, satisfaction, and trust constructs for each manufacturer and distributor domain. Design/methodology/approach – A structural equation modelling-comparative model is developed, tested, and validated for the Indonesian manufacturing sector. The sample size is 140 pairs of medium-to-large-sized manufacturers and their connecting distributors. The respondent is individual who is responsible and knowledgeable in dealing with his/her company’s manufacturer or distributor. Findings – Both the manufacturer-distributor LTO and their role-performance jointly drive the outcomes of the shared marketing channel relationship, and both parties’ behaving similarly (except for the influence of their role-performance onto their partner’s satisfaction). Research limitations/implications – This study have not investigated possible two-way interactions between constructs across the channel. Combined, paired, manufacturer and distributor dataset questions can expose the connectivities relationships between the partners. The insignificant influence of role-performance on economic satisfaction within the manufacturer domain requires further research on the possible presence of mediating construct(s) between those constructs, and on the broadening of the definition of satisfaction. Past channel research revealed that trust interacts with satisfaction, yet this study does not find significant interactions between the outcomes constructs. Practical implications – In Indonesia each marketing channel’s manufacturer and distributor management team should jointly enhance both their shared long-term relationship, and their respective role-performance. This long-term view is implementable through long-term marketing channel contracts. Originality/value – This study contributes to marketing channel theory with the LTO and the role-performance of a channel partner jointly driving the other partner’s economic satisfaction, trust, and their dependence specifically within the Indonesian context. The benchmarking of a marketing channel’s performance within a trusting and satisfying channel relationship sets the framework for the development of future optimization studies (of at least the five connectivities constructs used herein).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document