An explanation of capital structure of China's listed property firms

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liang ◽  
Liu Fang Li ◽  
Han-Suck Song
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Property Companies ◽  
Financial Behaviour ◽  
The Capital Structure

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the capital structure of listed property firms in China. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on quantitative methods such as dynamic panel data models and a panel data set containing financial and accounting data for all listed property companies from 2006 to 2010 in China. Findings – The findings confirm that the state-own shares, the fixed asset values, the total size of assets and profitability have a positive and significant impact on the leverage ratio of listed property firms in China. The negative impact of the tax shields and the currency ratio, and significant impact of state-own shares on capital structure cannot be explained by existing capital structure theory but the unique property market regulation environment and market conditions in China. Research limitations/implications – The findings confirm the applicability of trade-off theory (except for the correlation between leverage and the tax shield) on property companies in China. They also highlight the importance of government policies and special market conditions in explaining the financing behaviour of property companies in transaction countries like China. Practical implications – Complimentary policies should be established along with property market restriction policies to offset their unequal negative effect on property companies with less state-owned shares. Furthermore, government should invest efforts to eliminate the discrimination credit treatment of banks against property companies with non-existent or few state-owned shares. Originality/value – The special financial behaviour of China's property firms and the unique financial and property market conditions highlight the necessity of researching the capital structure of listed property firms in China. However, most of the existing literature focuses on the company financial behaviour in developed countries, and very few studies have been done concerning property firms’ financing behaviour in emerging economies such as China, and this research prospects to fill this blank.

scholarly journals Risk factors influencing the debt leverage of project financing initiatives in the energy industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto De Marco ◽  
Giulio Mangano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Capital Structure

Purpose This paper aims to contribute to understanding the crucial influence of risks on the capital structure of project financing (PF) initiatives in the energy sector. Design/methodology/approach The debt leverage of a capital investment is selected as the response variable, and its relation with select identified risk factors is examined using a regression analysis on a data set of 72 projects carried out all over the world in the energy industry. Findings Results have highlighted that the debt leverage is significantly influenced by several sources of risk measured through specific indicators, namely, country stability index, the construction duration, the concession period and the average size of partners. Therefore, country, project and special purpose vehicle-related risks have been shown to have an impact on the debt leverage of a PF scheme. Research limitations/implications The results could support both investors and lenders to better define the financial leverage of projects delivered under a PF mechanism. In particular, the study could help to have a better understanding of the main factors that influence the debt leverage in PF initiatives. Originality/value This paper contributes to filling the lack of works addressing the relationship between risk factors and capital structure in PF projects. In this way, this research leads to a better understanding of the risk factors that influence the capital structure of a PF initiative, and they have, therefore, been proposed as a basis for the establishment of improved methods to design refined capital structures.

Evaluating the impact of economic factors on REITs' capital structure around the world

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Rovolis ◽  
Andreas Feidakis
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the determinants of the capital structure of real estate investment trusts (REITs) across the world and explore whether this structure is characterized by any common factors. Design/methodology/approach – Endogenous and exogenous factors that affect the financial management of real estate firms are identified in the analysis. “Regular” (static) panel data regression analysis, as well as dynamic panel data techniques, is applied to a panel of listed real estate firms from 2005 to 2010. Findings – Empirical results showed that factors such as tangibility, size of the company, growth opportunities, assets turnover affect positively the financial leverage of REITs; conversely, other determinants, being debit's cost, GDP, and long-term interest rates, are negatively correlated with the financial gearing of the REITs. Practical implications – This paper identifies factors that determine the capital structure of REITs around the world. Firm executives and policy makers in different countries may wish to adjust their policies (regarding capital structure) according to the empirical findings. Originality/value – This study, using a comprehensive dataset from all over the world, investigates whether there are solid and mutual factors that can characterize the capital structure of REITs.

The determinants of capital structure of Palestine‐listed companies

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris M. Abu Mouamer
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between capital structure and debt lifetime among listed companies in Palestine stock market.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates firms that have been listed on the Palestine securities exchange (PSE) over a five‐year period (2000‐2004). In total, 28 companies were listed in PSE since 1999. Only 15 firms working in different economic sectors qualified to be included in the study sample according to the availability and continuity of published financial statements during the period of 2000‐2004. Variables used for the analysis include profitability, leverage ratios (total debt (TD), short‐term debt (STD) and long‐term debt (LTD)), liquidity (LQ), age, asset structure, and firm size and sales growth are also included as control variables. The panel character of the data allows for the use of panel data methodology. Panel data involves the pooling of observations on a cross‐section of units over several times.FindingsThe study has shown that the service companies have the highest TD ratio (53.69 percent), followed by industrial companies (50.86 percent), trade companies (34.11 percent) and agriculture companies (24.02 percent). The one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows no significant difference in the use of debt, neither total, LTD or STD among companies in the four sectors. Adding to that, ANOVA indicates insignificant differences among the companies in the sample with respect growth opportunities, size, age, tangibility (TAN), and LQ. The correlation analysis has shown that TD is positively and significantly related to TAN, on the country, no significant relationship between the long debt and STD on the one hand and age, growth, LQ, TAN, and size on the other hand.Originality/valueThis paper is the first that employs a new database containing the market and accounting data (from 2000 to 2004). This study will contribute in examining the relationship between capital structure and debt lifetime among listed companies in the Palestine stock market.

scholarly journals The influence of risk on the equity share of build-operate-transfer projects

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto De Marco ◽  
Giulio Mangano ◽  
Timur Narbaev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Special Purpose Vehicle ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
The Capital Structure

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the crucial influence of risks on the capital structure of build-operate-transfer (BOT) projects. Design/methodology/approach The equity portion of capital injected in a BOT investment is selected as the response variable and its relation with select identified risk factors is examined using a regression analysis on a data set of BOT projects. Findings Results have pointed out that the level of equity is significantly influenced by several sources of risk. Country, revenue, project and special purpose vehicle-related risks have been shown to have an impact on the size of the equity share of a BOT investment. Research limitations/implications The results could support both investors and lenders to better define the financial leverage of BOT projects. In particular, the study could help to have a better understanding of the main factors that influence the equity apportion of capital in BOT investments. Originality/value This paper contributes to fulfilling the lack of works addressing the relationship between risk factors and capital structure in BOT projects. In this way, this research leads to a better understanding of the risk factors that influence the capital structure of BOT project and they have therefore been proposed as a base for the establishment of improved methods to design refined capital structures in BOT projects.

Determinants Of Capital Structure For Multinational And Domestic Companies In India: Panel Data Regression Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
K. Maheswari ◽  
Dr. J. Gayathri ◽  
Dr. M. Babu ◽  
Dr.G. Indhumathi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
Domestic Companies ◽  
The Capital Structure

The capital structure refers to the components of capital needed to establish and expand its business activities. The study was made with an objective to examine the determinants of capital structure of multinational and domestic companies listed in S&P BSE automobile sector. The study concluded that there is significant impact on capital structure determinants such as size, business risk, non debt shield tax, return on assets, tangibility, profit, return on capital employed and liquidity on the capital structure of multinational and domestic companies of Indian Automobile Sector.  

Corporate governance practices and capital structure decisions: the moderating effect of gender diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-964
Author(s):  
Mohammad A.A Zaid ◽  
Man Wang ◽  
Sara T.F. Abuhijleh ◽  
Ayman Issa ◽  
Mohammed W.A. Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Motivated by the agency theory, this study aims to empirically examine the nexus between board attributes and a firm’s financing decisions of non-financial listed firms in Palestine and how the previous relationship is moderated and shaped by the level of gender diversity. Design/methodology/approach Multiple regression analysis on a panel data was used. Further, we applied three different approaches of static panel data “pooled OLS, fixed effect and random effect.” Fixed-effects estimator was selected as the optimal and most appropriate model. In addition, to control for the potential endogeneity problem and to profoundly analyze the study data, the authors perform the one-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator. Dynamic panel GMM specification was superior in generating robust findings. Findings The findings clearly unveil that all explanatory variables in the study model have a significant influence on the firm’s financing decisions. Moreover, the results report that the impact of board size and board independence are more positive under conditions of a high level of gender diversity, whereas the influence of CEO duality on the firm’s leverage level turned from negative to positive. In a nutshell, gender diversity moderates the effect of board structure on a firm’s financing decisions. Research limitations/implications This study was restricted to one institutional context (Palestine); therefore, the results reflect the attributes of the Palestinian business environment. In this vein, it is possible to generate different findings in other countries, particularly in developed markets. Practical implications The findings of this study can draw responsible parties and policymakers’ attention in developing countries to introduce and contextualize new mechanisms that can lead to better monitoring process and help firms in attracting better resources and establishing an optimal capital structure. For instance, entities should mandate a minimum quota for the proportion of women incorporation in boardrooms. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence on the moderating role of gender diversity on the effect of board structure on firm’s financing decisions, something that was predominantly neglected by the earlier studies and has not yet examined by ancestors. Thereby, to protrude nuanced understanding of this novel and unprecedented idea, this study thoroughly bridges this research gap and contributes practically and theoretically to the existing corporate governance–capital structure literature.

Modeling debt choice in agriculture: the effect of endogenous asset values

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bampasidou ◽  
Ashok K. Mishra ◽  
Charles B. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Values ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Non Parametric

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the endogeneity of asset values and how it relates to farm financial stress in US agriculture. The authors conceptualize an implied measure of farm financial stress as a function of debt position. The authors posit that there are variations in the asset values that are beyond the farmer’s control and therefore have implications on farm debt. Design/methodology/approach The framework recognizes the endogeneity of return on assets (ROA). It uses a non-parametric technique to approximate the variance of expected ROA (VEROA). The authors model the rate of return on agricultural assets and interest rate with a formulation that focuses on macroeconomic policy. Further, the authors use a dynamic balanced panel data set from 1960 to 2011 for 15 US agricultural states from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey, and information from traditional state-level financial statements. Findings Estimation of linear dynamic debt panel data models accounting for the endogeneity of ROA and VEROA is a challenging task. Estimated variances are unstable. Hence, the authors focus on variance specification that uses the residuals squared from the ARIMA specification and non-parametric estimators. Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond generalized method of moments estimation procedures, although may be biased, show that VEROA has a negative and significant effect on the total amount of debt in the agricultural sector. Research limitations/implications The instruments used in this analysis are lagged regressors which may be weakly correlated with the relevant first-order condition, hence not properly identifying the parameters of interest. Future research could include the identification of better instruments, potentially use of sequential moment conditions. Originality/value Unlike previous study, the authors use non-parametric approximation of VEROA. The authors model the rate of return on agricultural assets and interest rate with a formulation that focuses on macroeconomic policy. Second, the authors make use of a large dynamic balanced panel data set from 1960 to 2011 for 15 agricultural states in the USA. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few that provides evidence on risk-balancing behavior at the agricultural sector level, of the USA.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Capital Structure of Companies Listed on the Stock Exchanges of Argentina, Brazil and Chile: An Empirical Analysis of the Period from 2007 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rabelo Henrique ◽  
Sandro Braz Silva ◽  
Antônio Saporito ◽  
Sérgio Roberto da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Asset Growth ◽  
The Capital Structure

The present investigation refers to the determinants of the capital structure, using the technique of multiple regression through Panel Data of open capital companies in the stock exchanges of Argentina, Brazil and Chile, in order to know the behavior of determinants of the capital structure in relation to Trade-Off Theory (TOT) and Pecking Order Theory (POT). The POT offers the existence of a hierarchy in the use of sources of resources, while the TOT considers the existence of a target capital structure that would be pursued by the company. Sixteen accounting variables were used, in which five are dependent (related to indebtedness) and eleven are independent variables (explaining the determinants of the capital structure). It is observed that, with the use of the Panel Data, the determinants that seem to influence in a more accentuated way the levels of debt of the companies are: current liquidity, tangibility, return to shareholders, return of assets, sales growth, asset growth, market-to-book and business risk measured by the volatility of benefits. Suggestions for future research include the use of Panel Data to analyze other factors that may influence indebtedness, mainly taxes and dividends, as well as a deeper analysis of factors that may influence the speed of adjustment towards the supposed objective level.

Capital structure puzzle and banks: need for a unique approach?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Argumentation Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Capital Structure

Purpose This study aims to examine some of the commonly proposed deviants associated with the banking industry in the context of the capital structure puzzle. The paper considers the role of guarantees, information asymmetry and other frictional factors in the context of modern financial markets and examines whether these factors deserve special consideration in solving the capital structure puzzle for banks. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt the argumentation theory model proposed by Toulmin (1958) as the methodological approach in this paper. Findings The findings from this paper demonstrate that any solution to the capital structure puzzle, whenever available, will also solve the capital structure puzzle for banks without additional efforts. The focus of future research should be on solving the generic capital structure puzzle for a universal set of firms rather than focusing on the banking industry as a subset with unique features. Originality/value The paper adopts a novel methodological approach offered by argumentation theory to pursue the enquiry. To the best of the knowledge, this paper is the first paper in the finance literature that uses argumentation theory to develop a theoretical construct. The finding from this study offers guidance for the proliferation of research paradigms in the capital structure puzzle.

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