Exploring crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and students’ fear of crime at an Australian university campus using prospect and refuge theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cozens ◽  
Mu Yao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
The University

Purpose Crime and fear of crime in and around the university campus can affect enrolments and retention rates as well as compromising the safety, security and well-being of students and staff. The purpose of this paper is to explore user perceptions of personal safety using the “Prospect and Refuge Model” and crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Design/methodology/approach The study used a fear of crime survey of 88 students at a university in Western Australia. The respondents were asked to identify on a map, three locations perceived to be “safe” and three locations perceived to be “unsafe”. The six most commonly identified sites were then visually audited to measure the levels of “prospect” and “refuge” and CPTED features at each location. Findings The findings indicate the top three “fear spots” were associated with low levels of “prospect” and high levels of “refuge” – and generally, with poor opportunities for natural surveillance and CPTED qualities. The top three “safe spots” had consistently higher levels of “prospect” and lower levels of “refuge” in the site audits and responses to the surveys. Increased opportunities for surveillance were therefore associated with increased levels of personal safety. Research limitations/implications The survey is relatively small (88) and a larger study is certainly required to underpin these findings. The methodology is transferable to other universities and facilities seeking to manage crime and fear of crime. The research develops more finely nuanced measures for the concepts of prospect and refuge. Practical implications Interestingly, surveillance opportunities and perceptions of personal safety were perceived to be mediated by distance from buildings and by the construction of new buildings and infrastructure being carried out across the campus. This has implications for the construction of new universities and for those which are expanding. Recommendations are provided for new and existing universities and for those undergoing redevelopment. Social implications Improving students’ perception of personal safety can enhance their performance and retention at university. Originality/value No studies have investigated the campus design and layout and students’ perceptions of personal safety in Australia in this way. The approach is more “bottom-up” by first exploring users’ perceptions of “unsafe” locations, then assessing these sites in terms of the presence or absence of measures for CPTED and prospect-refuge.

Fear dynamics in public places: a case study of urban shopping centers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewumi Israel Badiora ◽  
Bashir O. Odufuwa
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Way Finding

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationships among some important factors and perceived personal safety in public places, using Nigerian urban shopping centers as case studies. Following the evidence from previous studies, the present study hypothesizes that individual characteristics influence perceived personal safety in shopping centers, and users’ perceived safety is affected by the shopping centers’ environmental attributes. Design/methodology/approach Two shopping centers were selected as cases for the study. Systematic sampling technique was used to select participants. Respondents were asked to answer closed-ended questions pertaining to environmental-design satisfaction, socio-economic and demographic characteristics and shopping center use. In total, 784 users participated in the survey. However, only 440 users properly completed the interview: 219 from Aleshinloye and 221 from Gbagi. Environmental design, socio-economic and demographic characteristics and shopping center use are independent variables, whereas perceived safety is a dependent variable. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and Man–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Findings Results show that fear of crime is the most important factor, explaining 28.16 per cent of the total variance in perceived safety. Nevertheless, findings show that demographic factors have a significant impact on perceived safety as well. There is also a strong association between perceived safety and the use of shopping centers, as Aleshinloye, which is perceived safer, has been more frequently used than Gbagi. Furthermore, environmental design appears as a significant factor for perceived safety in shopping centers, as users of Aleshinloye’s facilities have a better perceived safety from crime, better way-finding ability and more environmental-design satisfaction than users of Gbagi. Practical implications The study recommends the provisions of design or security precautions that prevent the fear of crime and improve way-finding capacity and environmental-design satisfaction in urban shopping facilities. Specifically, it is important to have environmental security precautions such as closed circuit televisions, good and functional lighting and private security staff, especially for women and the elderly, in urban commercial centers as these precautions could enhance their sense of personal safety. Originality/value Previous studies on shopping centers’ security have mainly concentrated on the relationship between fear of crime, perceived safety and associated factors. No studies to date have explored how way-finding ability affects perceived safety of users of shopping centers. This study contributes to the existing literature, revealing way-finding anxiety to be another important dimension of perceived safety in urban shopping centers.

Assessment of solid waste management practice in the university campus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-575
Author(s):  
Saad Dahlawi ◽  
Mahmoud F. El Sharkawy
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Management Program ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The University

Purpose Municipal solid waste (MSW) consists mainly of several recyclable materials such as paper and cardboard. Inside the educational institutes, especially universities, MSW is generated from several facilities including offices and cafeterias. Without an effective management program, solid waste can have detrimental impacts on the environment. This paper aims to assess the solid waste management practices followed at the main campus of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam – Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach The MSW samples were collected from different sources inside the IAU campus such as the college buildings (such as the teaching rooms and staff offices), the administrative buildings and services buildings (e.g. the main library, the photocopying center, the restaurant and cafeteria) at least one time per week during a full academic term (January–May) of the academic year 2017–2018. The collected MSW samples were segregated into seven categories, and the net amount of each category and the overall weight of the MSW were determined once every week. The MSW samples were characterized for physical and chemical properties including moisture, carbon and ash contents. Food product waste (FPW) of the main university restaurant was studied separately. Findings Data on the composition of MSW samples revealed that 80% of wastes were recyclable, 19% as compostable materials, while only 1% of the materials were a non-recyclable waste. More than 73% of the recyclable materials include paper and plastic warranting dire need of an effective solid waste management program. The highest value of FPW was recorded for the breakfast meal. Originality/value Most of the waste generated from the university campus was recyclable type that needs to be handled carefully to avoid its mixing with other types of the waste stream. Waste characterization is an important tool that helps in understanding the amount and pattern of waste generation. It can be used as a decision-making tool for implementing sustainable waste management programs for universities.

scholarly journals The next frontier: using space as management strategy - an exploratory study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Pia Storvang ◽  
Bang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Organizational Strategy ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The University

Purpose More and more companies use physical space as a way to enhance creativity, create change and stimulate interaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how space affects this interrelationship and explores how space can support organizational strategy. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative approach, this study explores three cases from an educational, a cultural and an industrial setting to illustrate how space can be used to support an organization’s policy and help its strategic intentions. Findings The findings demonstrate how space can be used to enhance organizational strategy and demonstrate how closely the creation of space can be related to the development of that strategy. Specifically, the study finds that the “’space-organizational strategy’ link has three uses: “Space as an organizational meeting place” in the University campus, (2) “Space as a network organization” in the culture and production center and (3) “Space as a cell organization” in the private manufacturing company. Originality/value The study will show that the design and operationalization of spaces can influence management and organizational strategy because space influences relations between people and that organizations can use space to support their strategic intentions seems to have been overlooked in the literature.

Sustainability in Brazilian HEI: practices overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoela Maria Caron Moura ◽  
Fernanda Frankenberger ◽  
Ubiratã Tortato
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Sustainability Practices ◽  
The University ◽  
Selective Collection ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to verify how Brazilian HEIs apply sustainability practices, as means to improve their effects towards society, making clear to the public, including current and future students, what the university is doing and how it is concerned with sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Based on the Brazilian Education Ministry evaluation, 123 HEIs were selected as sample for the study. The websites of these HEI were verified to check for sustainability practices. Findings In general, the HEI focuses on helping people who live around the campus with social projects, health and work preparation. Further practices areas are new forms of energy, selective collection and new standards of plastic consumption. HEI with higher evaluations from the Education Ministry focuses mainly on educational programs and projects to improve sustainability inside and outside the campus. Research limitations/implications With the methodology used, not all HEIs in Brazil were analyzed, which gives a great opportunity for further studies. Practical implications HEIs may use the findings of this research to develop their sustainability practices, either in the curriculum, projects, strategic plans or even organizational structure. Social implications Communities are positively supported by universities applying sustainability practices. Such support includes education, health, guidance and provision of services to the community, financial aid and social well-being. Originality/value Focusing on sustainability practices of HEI located in Brazil, the research finds, besides the practices, gaps in several of the researched universities.

Study to promote the sustainable mobility in university

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-886
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Scheffer ◽  
Viviane Pagnussat Cechetti ◽  
Lisandra Paola Lauermann ◽  
Eliara Riasyk Porto ◽  
Francisco Dalla Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Mobility ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The University

Purpose The United Nations (2030 Agenda) recognize the need to work with sustainable urban mobility problems such as traffic jams, pollution, inadequate infrastructure are becoming recurring issues in urban centers, directly affecting the quality of life. Such an unsustainable system is frequently observed at universities, as these houses a large concentration of people and vehicles, without proper planning. To promote sustainable strategies at universities, this research aims to focus on the sustainable mobility plan (SMP) applied at the University of Passo Fundo (UPF). Design/methodology/approach Bibliographic research about the current mobility of the campus has been carried out. A questionnaire was distributed to understand opinions about the subject of key people. Findings The priority treatment given to vehicles, mostly, is an alert factor, which must be solved immediately, considering the need of planning and restructuring it. The suggestions of possible solutions were also relevant, and are being considered for the plan’s implementation. Originality/value This study stands out for using the 2030 Agenda, specifically Goal 11 (Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable), using the university campus as a study object. The mobility plan elaboration was constituted by several actions to fill all parts of the mentioned goal. This study stands out because its methodology can be used in other universities besides UPF and also, to a larger scale, in cities, with similar technical features.

Psychological factors of fear of crime: an empirical study of older people in Lucknow, India

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanish Bhai Patel
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The incidents of elder victimisation and cases of victimisation, in general, are increasing fast in the society. These incidents have had negative impact on the sense of well-being and way of life of the older people. Therefore, fear of crime is being considered as a most concerning psycho-social problem amongst the older people in contemporary time. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of crime rate on the well-being of the older people and examine the linkage between psychological factors and fear of crime amongst the older people. Design/methodology/approach The present study is based on the mixed method approach and an exploratory research designed applied to conduct the study. The field survey has been done from October 2012 to January 2013 on a sample of 220 older people of rural and urban areas of Lucknow in the state of Uttar Pradesh through purposive sampling. For the study, researcher has interviewed 137 male older people and 83 female older people through interview schedules and case studies. The data have been analysed through descriptive and narrative analysis. Findings The study finds that those older people have direct or indirect experience of victimisation, they have anxiety and feel insecurity that someone can victimise them. The study also finds that the happiness of older people is more affected due to anxiety and phobia and have higher level of feeling of fear of crime in their neighbourhood and home. The study also finds whenever anti-social elements are active in the neighbourhood and they commit crimes, fear of crime and anxiety grasp the older people to a large extent causing a fracture in their psychological well-being. Originality/value This work is the original work of researcher. This paper is related to the researcher’s PhD dissertation work. This paper talks about how the psychological well-being of older people affects due to nature of crime in neighbourhood, phobia of crime and anxiety due to criminal activities.

Environment Redesigned for Crime Prevention with CPTED Strategies — A Case Study of Typical Chinese Community

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 805-810
Author(s):  
Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Simple Idea ◽  
Theory Of Crime

Old communities suffer increasing crime rates in China. The original environment layout can not meet the needs of living safety and needs redesign for crime prevention. The theory of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design or CPTED is based on one simple idea that crime results partly from the opportunities presented by physical environment. It is possible to alter the physical environment so that crime is less likely to occur. This paper focuses on CPTED strategies applied to a typical Chinese community for neighborhood renewal. The physical environment problems associated with community crime and fear of crime are first identified. Four distinct ways to implement CPTED strategies are emphasized and discussed in detail individually in the research: community layout, traffic, landscaping and buildings. The paper ends with pending issues and a major lesson that CPTED must be tailored to the specific problems occurring in particular settings.

The Liquid Galaxy in the library

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Tickner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Trip Planning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
The University

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the usability and user perceptions of the display technology in the library to evaluate the utility of the Liquid Galaxy (LG) technology and how it was deployed in a library setting. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the results of a mixed method (survey and interview) qualitative study of users of the LG Google Earth/Google Street View immersive display in the Research Hub of Davis Library of the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill conducted in April 2015. In total, 25 users of the LG responded to survey or interview questions about their user experience and their emotional response to the LG. Findings Users found the LG easy to use and they had many reasons for using the LG including: research, education, entertainment, trip planning and nostalgic virtual travel. Originality/value There are few studies on users’ experience of innovative non-way finding display technology in library settings and this study then adds to the literature on this subject. These results may assist organizations evaluating incorporating an immersive display such as the LG into their offerings.

How can ecological fairs increase sustainability in a university campus?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-529
Author(s):  
Luciana Londero Brandli ◽  
Amanda Lange Salvia ◽  
Leila Dal Moro ◽  
Vanessa Tibola da Rocha ◽  
Janaina Mazutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The University ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to highlight the contribution of ecological fairs to the promotion of sustainability in university campuses, based on a case study carried out at the University of Passo Fundo, located in Southern Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Producers and consumers of the ecological fairs were interviewed to analyse how the social, economic and environmental spheres of sustainable development are impacted by these fairs. In total, 24 interviews were conducted. Findings The results showed how fairs positively impact the academic and local community while bringing sustainability into university campuses. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of this study were the number of interviews and the short period during when the study was conducted. Practical implications This case study demonstrated how the promotion of ecological fairs on a university campus plays an important role in the implementation and practice of sustainability and can serve as an example for other institutions that intend to work on similar projects. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by providing a discussion on how ecological fairs represent a good addition in the process of universities to become more sustainable and which aspects of each sustainability sphere are involved.

A case for open, viable print accounting

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 515-526
Author(s):  
Michael Kalochristianakis
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Combine Management ◽  
Level I ◽  
The University

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the design and business characteristics of the system pertaining to efficient and viable public services, the technical perspective and also usage results from the productive prototype. When the academic library of our institution turned to consider cost-effective solutions that would combine management and accounting for both printing and photocopying, it was realized that there are no open-source or enterprise platforms that can support such characteristics. Instead of relying on commercial solutions, the construction of a service was planned by means of integrating community-based projects and developing any missing components. Design/methodology/approach – The implementation of the system was based on the identification of appropriate open-source modules and on the development of ones that do not exist but are necessary to realize business procedures for credit reception, control and billing. Thus, the system integrates software for the management of printers and print tasks, for accounting for printing tasks, for user catalogues, for authentication modules and for the control of low level I/O operations. The aforementioned systems were integrated along with the following new modules that were developed to create a complete service. Findings – Our prototype has been operating at our University since May 2011. The system was installed at four sites in reading rooms of the library. Three of them are located in different departments within the University campus, while the fourth is located in the last reading room that has not yet moved within the campus. In two years, more than 28,000 pages were printed and charged. The steady rise in the number of served requests leads us to the conclusion that the system can cope with the heavy use of photocopying machines. Originality/value – The prototype described in this paper is a complete productive platform that is capable to accept money or credit over the counter or by using money receivers and provide billing and management for printing and photocopying. The system does not depend on any vendor technology, offers control, monitoring, receipts and reports and because it relies on open source can minimize the total costs of ownership. Scrutiny of the bibliography and market did not find any systems that could meet the aforementioned characteristics.

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