scholarly journals P047 Sleep and diet in older adults: what do we know and what do we need to find out?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A36-A37
Author(s):  
C Gupta ◽  
C Irwin ◽  
G Vincent ◽  
S Khaleesi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Older adults experience reduced sleep quality and quantity more frequently than younger adults. Inadequate sleep in older adults has been linked to several adverse outcomes such as poor psychological and physical health, cognitive impairments, increased risk of falls, lower quality of life, and greater risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Diet is one modifiable lifestyle factor that may influence sleep outcomes. The purpose of this review was to synthesise the current literature investigating the impact of diet, including foods and nutrients, on sleep quality and quantity in older adults (defined as >50 years based on age-related changes in sleep quality and quantity that begin age 50). A systematic search of four databases identified 17 articles for inclusion (observational (n=8) and interventional (n=9) studies). Overall, findings suggest that following a Mediterranean diet, consuming milk, fish, bean and egg products, cherries, vitamin D and vitamin E have demonstrated some efficacy in improving sleep outcomes in this population demographic. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies (i.e. aims, methodologies, outcomes assessed), it is difficult to consolidate the available evidence to make specific recommendations. However, this review describes dietary factors that show promise for improving sleep outcomes in older adults. More targeted research exploring the relationship between dietary factors and sleep outcomes in older adults is needed to strengthen the current evidence base. This presentation will provide a much-needed research agenda that includes a need for more randomised control trials that employ rigorous dietary assessments and objective measures of sleep.

scholarly journals Dual Effects of Hearing Loss and Dementia on Functional Limitations in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Michael McKee ◽  
Yunshu Zhou ◽  
Joshua Ehrlich ◽  
Elham Mahmoudi ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Household Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (HL) is both common and associated with elevated risk for cognitive decline and poorer health. To care for an aging population, it is critical to understand the effect of coexisting HL and dementia on functional activities. The effect of co-existing dementia and self-reported HL on daily functioning were assessed. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationally-representative data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study consisting of U.S. adults 65+. The sample included 1,829 adults with HL (22.8%) and 5,338 adults without HL. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model the independent effects and interaction of self-reported HL and dementia status on three validated functional activity scales (self-care, mobility, and household). All analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and medical factors. HL participants were more likely to be white, older, male, less educated (p <0.01). 8.4% had possible dementia and 6.5% had probable dementia. Respondents with HL or possible or probable dementia had significantly lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores (p<.001 for all comparisons) compared to their peers. A small yet significant interaction was present in all models, suggesting that HL respondents with co-occurring dementia had lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores than predicted by the independent effects of dementia and self-reported HL (p<.001 for all comparisons). Older adults with co-occurring dementia and HL are at increased risk for poor functioning and should be screened by healthcare providers. Future work should consider the impact of intervention in this vulnerable/at-risk population.

Sleep disturbances in adults with frailty and sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Reona Chiba ◽  
Yuki Ohashi ◽  
Akiko Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Several epidemiological studies have reported an age-related increase in the prevalence of sleep disturbances. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep and sarcopenia/frailty in older adults and clarify issues that remain to be addressed in future studies. Design/methodology/approach PubMed was searched for relevant studies with the following keywords in the title: “sleep” and “sarcopenia” or “sleep” and “frailty.” A total of 15 studies published in English between 1998 and 2018 were reviewed. Findings Among the four studies that examined the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep, two reported that long or short sleep duration increased the risk of sarcopenia and this association was more pronounced in women than men. Among the seven studies examining the relationship between frailty and sleep, four reported that higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were associated with an increased risk of frailty. Practical implications Most previous studies have focused on interventions targeting a single area such as muscle strength or exercise habits, in older adults at risk for frailty. The results suggest that interventions targeting improved sleep may positively impact the maintenance of muscle strength. Originality/value The literature review revealed that too much or too little sleep increases the risk of sarcopenia in older adults. Further, sleep deprivation, greater night-time wakefulness and reduced sleep quality increase the risk of frailty. Interestingly, the risk of mortality is increased in individuals with daytime functional disorders such as excessive drowsiness or napping habits.

scholarly journals Poor Sleep Moderates the Association Between Generalized Anxiety and Hippocampal Volume Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 915-915
Author(s):  
Desiree Bygrave ◽  
Regina Wright
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Poor sleep is common among older adults, and associated with hippocampal atrophy -- a strong predictor of memory decrements. Underlying this association are psychosocial risk factors, such as generalized anxiety, that may further exacerbate poor sleep and brain pathology. Given that poor sleep and generalized anxiety are often comorbid, there is a critical need to establish whether generalized anxiety is related to hippocampal volume among poor sleepers. To address this gap, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between generalized anxiety (GAD-7), and total hippocampal volume, and whether it varied as a function of sleep quality (PSQI Total < 5 good sleepers; PSQI Total ≥ 5 poor sleepers). Data were analyzed from 165 older adults (mean age = 68.48y, 33% male, 41% African American), free of major disease. Linear regression analysis, adjusting for sex, race, education and depression, showed a statistically significant Generalized Anxiety x Sleep interaction for hippocampal volume (p=.02). Further probing of this interaction revealed that among poor sleepers, greater generalized anxiety was associated with lesser hippocampal volume (p=.01). Findings suggest generalized anxiety may influence hippocampal volume in the context of poor sleep among older adults. As poor sleep is associated with age-related neurodegeneration, our findings suggest that improvements in sleep quality may reduce the impact of generalized anxiety on hippocampal volume in older adulthood. Future research should examine whether generalized anxiety mediates relations of sleep quality to specific memory outcomes.

scholarly journals Trauma and Adversity: Factors Impacting Vulnerability and Resilience Among Older Disaster Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 591-591
Author(s):  
Molly Davis ◽  
Nikki Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Disaster Survivors ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Disaster Trauma ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Most would agree that older adults represent a highly vulnerable group prior to, during and post disaster. Age-related vulnerabilities often lead into an increased risk for traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress symptoms after a disaster. Trauma informed principles offer a possible way to reduce the vulnerability of older adults after a disaster. For example, utilizing the trauma informed question “what has happened to you” shifts the focus from a deficit approach and allows for a deeper understanding of the impact of traumatic life experiences on current functioning and reaction to the disaster. It is this understanding of trauma’s impact that may have a role in how older adult disaster survivors view, respond, and recover after a natural disaster (Seery et.al. 2010; Iacoviello & Charney, 2014). In addition, understanding the role of lifetime adversity provides critical insights for disaster planning, reducing vulnerability and promoting resilience among older disaster survivors.

Impact of Hearing Loss on Patient–Provider Communication Among Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Shukla ◽  
Carrie L. Nieman ◽  
Carrie Price ◽  
Michael Harper ◽  
Frank R. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Provider Communication ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Patient Provider Communication ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
The Impact

Age-related hearing loss is a highly prevalent chronic condition in older adults, but hearing loss is rarely accounted for in patient–provider communication studies. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the impact of age-related hearing loss on patient–provider communication in hospitalized older adults. Five databases were queried to identify original research that examined patient–provider communication in older adults with hearing loss in an inpatient setting. Of 1053 studies, 13 were included in the final review. All studies reported an adverse effect of hearing loss on patient–provider communication. Among studies that evaluated an intervention to improve communication in older adults with hearing loss, simple interventions such as low-cost voice amplifiers were found to improve communication. An understanding of the effect of hearing loss on patient–provider communication and strategies to mitigate the impact are needed in order to provide safe, quality, patient-centered care to older adults with hearing loss.

Activity Engagement in Cognitive Aging: A Review of the Evidence

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rogalski ◽  
Muriel Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The population of older adults is rapidly increasing, as is the number and type of products and interventions proposed to prevent or reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline. Advocacy and prevention are part of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA’s) scope of practice documents, and speech-language pathologists must have basic awareness of the evidence contributing to healthy cognitive aging. In this article, we provide a brief overview outlining the evidence on activity engagement and its effects on cognition in older adults. We explore the current evidence around the activities of eating and drinking with a discussion on the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, alcohol, and coffee. We investigate the evidence on the hypothesized neuroprotective effects of social activity, the evidence on computerized cognitive training, and the emerging behavioral and neuroimaging evidence on physical activity. We conclude that actively aging using a combination of several strategies may be our best line of defense against cognitive decline.

The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3098-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on wellbeing and cognitive functioning of older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah De Pue ◽  
Céline Gillebert ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt ◽  
Rudi De Raedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 took a heavy toll on older adults. In Belgium, by the end of August, 93% of deaths due to COVID-19 were aged 65 or older. Similar trends were observed in other countries. As a consequence, older adults were identified as a group at risk, and strict governmental restrictions were imposed on them. This has caused concerns about their mental health. Using an online survey, this study established the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults aged 65 years or older, and which factors moderate this impact. Participants reported a significant decrease in activity level, sleep quality and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression was strongly related to reported declines in activity level, sleep quality, wellbeing and cognitive functioning. Our study shows that the COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the mental health of older adults. This implies that this group at risk requires attention of governments and healthcare.

HIV is associated with an increased risk of age-related clonal hematopoiesis among older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nila J. Dharan ◽  
Paul Yeh ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Miriam M. Yeung ◽  
David Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clonal Hematopoiesis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

Exploring the Association between Multimorbidity and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults Living in the Community: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232110304
Author(s):  
Grace F. Wittenberg ◽  
Michelle A. McKay ◽  
Melissa O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Increased Risk

Two-thirds of older adults have multimorbidity (MM), or co-occurrence of two or more medical conditions. Mild cognitive impairment (CI) is found in almost 20% of older adults and can lead to further cognitive decline and increased mortality. Older adults with MM are the primary users of home health care services and are at high risk for CI development; however, there is no validated cognitive screening tool used to assess the level of CI in home health users. Given the prevalence of MM and CI in the home health setting, we conducted a review of the literature to understand this association. Due to the absence of literature on CI in home health users, the review focused on the association of MM and CI in community-dwelling older adults. Search terms included home health, older adults, cognitive impairment, and multimorbidity and were applied to the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychInfo leading to eight studies eligible for review. Results show CI is associated with MM in older adults of increasing age, among minorities, and in older adults with lower levels of education. Heart disease was the most prevalent disease associated with increased CI. Sleep disorders, hypertension, arthritis, and hyperlipidemia were also significantly associated with increased CI. The presence of MM and CI was associated with increased risk for death among older adults. Further research and attention are needed regarding the use and development of a validated cognitive assessment tool for home health users to decrease adverse outcomes in the older adult population.

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