Temperature-aware online testing of power-delivery TSVs

Author(s):  
Hua-Cheng Fu ◽  
Shi-Yu Huang ◽  
Ding-Ming Kwai ◽  
Yung-Fa Chou
2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Furukawa ◽  
Keita Akagi ◽  
Hisao Fukumoto ◽  
Hideaki Itoh ◽  
Hiroshi Wakuya ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella F. Lourenco ◽  
Arber Tasimi

Cognitive scientists have ramped up online testing in response to the coronavirus pandemic. Although research conducted online solves the problem of data collection, a lack of internet access among low-income and minority communities may reduce the diversity of study samples and, thus, impact the generalizability of scientific findings.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
V.P. Kovalchuk ◽  
I.M. Kovalenko ◽  
S.V. Kovalenko ◽  
V.M. Burkot ◽  
V.O. Kovalenko

Innovations change the world in all spheres of life, and education is not an exception. Modern requirements of time put us new challenges that require the use of new information technologies at all stages of the educational process in higher education institutions, in particular the use of the Internet. In addition, it has been noted that Internet resources increase motivation and contribute to the formation of a fully developed personality. Testing and evaluating students' knowledge and abilities is an integral part of the credit-module system. One of the forms of evaluation of the initial level of knowledge, consolidation and improvement of assimilation of information is testing. It should be noted that in a number of countries, testing has shifted traditional forms of control — oral and written exams and interviews. However, in Ukraine, educators remain adherents of a combination of testing and classical analysis of material. It allows the most efficient distribution of the training time of a practical class, 100% control of the knowledge and the effectiveness of mastering the material of all the students of the academic group. Technical progress stimulates the search for new variants and possibilities of testing, its various variations. One of the options that can help solve this problem was a smartphone. In order to facilitate the work of the teacher at the Department of Microbiology, an online testing system with the use of smartphones was introduced. Online testing is conducted among students with Ukrainian and English language training. With the Google Forms platform, the teacher creates a form which contains the student's records and tests. Students directly from the teacher get a link to fill out an online form directly at the lesson. For testing, a database containing standard KROK-1 licensed test tasks is used. The form can contain any number of test tasks that are in arbitrary order, as well as a changed order of distractors, which makes it impossible to write off. At the same time, all students are in the same conditions: all write one option. After submitting the form, the student receives a notification that his response is recorded. Re-linking is not possible. In turn, the teacher receives a message on the result of the test in the table — the ratio of correct answers to the total number of questions, as well as options for their answers. First and foremost, questions are displayed on which students gave the largest number of incorrect answers. This allows the topic to be considered in the process of discussion of the most difficult tasks from the students perspective, and in the future it will allow more efficiently to create forms for on-line tests and to focus on these issues.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Meldrum

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Drozd ◽  
Grzegorz Nowakowski ◽  
Anatoliy Sachenko ◽  
Viktor Antoniuk ◽  
Volodymyr Kochan ◽  
...  

This paper presents a power-oriented monitoring of clock signals that is designed to avoid synchronization failure in computer systems such as FPGAs. The proposed design reduces power consumption and increases the power-oriented checkability in FPGA systems. These advantages are due to improvements in the evaluation and measurement of corresponding energy parameters. Energy parameter orientation has proved to be a good solution for detecting a synchronization failure that blocks logic monitoring circuits. Key advantages lay in the possibility to detect a synchronization failure hidden in safety-related systems by using traditional online testing that is based on logical checkability. Two main types of power-oriented monitoring are considered: detecting a synchronization failure based on the consumption and the dissipation of power, which uses temperature and current consumption sensors, respectively. The experiments are performed on real FPGA systems with the controlled synchronization disconnection and the use of the computer-aided design (CAD) utility to estimate the decreasing values of the energy parameters. The results demonstrate the limited checkability of FPGA systems when using the thermal monitoring of clock signals and success in monitoring by the consumption current.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liane Bernstein ◽  
Alexander Sludds ◽  
Ryan Hamerly ◽  
Vivienne Sze ◽  
Joel Emer ◽  
...  

AbstractAs deep neural network (DNN) models grow ever-larger, they can achieve higher accuracy and solve more complex problems. This trend has been enabled by an increase in available compute power; however, efforts to continue to scale electronic processors are impeded by the costs of communication, thermal management, power delivery and clocking. To improve scalability, we propose a digital optical neural network (DONN) with intralayer optical interconnects and reconfigurable input values. The path-length-independence of optical energy consumption enables information locality between a transmitter and a large number of arbitrarily arranged receivers, which allows greater flexibility in architecture design to circumvent scaling limitations. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate optical multicast in the classification of 500 MNIST images with a 3-layer, fully-connected network. We also analyze the energy consumption of the DONN and find that digital optical data transfer is beneficial over electronics when the spacing of computational units is on the order of $$>10\,\upmu $$ > 10 μ m.


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