Land Subsidence Rate of Jakarta Metropolitan Area Observed By Stacking Sentinel-1 Data

Abstract. Accurately assessing the impact of groundwater exploitation on land subsidence can provide scientific support for decision-makers. This article establishes a groundwater–subsidence model in a typical area using the land subsidence characteristics of Tongzhou, China, and subsequently classifies a land subsidence early warning zone based on the land subsidence rate. Results show that land subsidence occurred throughout the whole Tongzhou District. The land subsidence that developed to the west of Liuzhuang, Tongzhou city and Taihu was the most serious The maximum annual subsidence rate reached 120 mm a−1 under the current groundwater extraction conditions, and the early warning level for land subsidence reached its highest level. If the pumping of groundwater was reduced by 50 % in the second and the fourth aquifers and by 60 % in the third aquifer, the land subsidence early warning level would be largely reduced and would meet the requirements for land subsidence control.

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Land subsidence detection in Jakarta Province using Sentinel-1A Satellite Imagery

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 944 (1) ◽

pp. 012036

Author(s):

D Situmorang ◽

R E Arhatin ◽

J Lumban-Gaol

Keyword(s):

Satellite Imagery ◽

Land Subsidence ◽

Land Surface ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Natural Processes ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

A Value ◽

Alluvial Deposition ◽

Land Subsidence Rate

Abstract The land surface in Jakarta Province is thought to have experienced relatively continuous subsidence because of natural processes and artificial activities. This research was carried out to evaluate the rate of land subsidence in Jakarta Province. Based on this research, it can be shown from the Sentinel-1A satellite images that there has been landed subsidence. The data used are two pairs of Sentinel-1A Single Looking Complex (SLC) images acquired in 2019 and 2020. The data was processed using the DInSAR method to examine the rate of land subsidence. The results show that the land subsidence rate in Jakarta Province during the 2019-2020 period varies from 1.8 cm to -10.7 cm/year. The literature data results in 2016 experienced a decrease in land subsidence with a significant value of -12.6 cm/year. Land subsidence in 2017 averaged -1.8 cm/year. The land subsidence results from 2019 to 2020 have a value that tends to be lower than in 2016 of - 3.62 cm/year. Land subsidence occurs mostly in coastal areas and near estuaries caused by the nature of alluvial deposition materials. It has caused damages to road infrastructure in several regions of Jakarta Province, such as Mutiara Beach, West Cengkareng, and Pademangan.

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Land Subsidence Detection in Jakarta Province Using Sentinel-1A Satellite Imagery

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-14347 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Situmorang ◽

Risti Endrani Arhatin ◽

Jonson Lumban-Gaol ◽

Devyan Meisnnehr

Keyword(s):

Satellite Imagery ◽

Land Subsidence ◽

Land Surface ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Natural Processes ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

Alluvial Deposition ◽

Level 1 ◽

The City ◽

Land Subsidence Rate

The land surface in DKI Jakarta Province is thought to have experienced relatively continuous subsidence because of natural processes and man-made activities. This research was carried out to evaluate the rate of land subsidence in Jakarta Province. The data used in this study are two pairs of Sentinel-1A level 1 Single Looking Complex (SLC) images which were acquired in 2019 and 2020. The data was processed using the DInSAR method to examine the rate of land subsidence.&#160; The results show that the land subsidence rate in Jakarta Province during the 2019-2020 period varies from 1.8 cm to -10.7 cm/year. From 2019 to 2020, the average land subsidence in the City of North Jakarta is around &#8211;4.9 cm/year, East Jakarta is around &#8211;2.5 cm/year, West Jakarta is around &#8211;4.8 cm/year, Central Jakarta is around &#8211;3.1 cm/year, and South Jakarta about &#8211;2.8 cm/year. Land subsidence occurs mostly in coastal areas and near estuaries caused by the nature of alluvial deposition materials. It has caused damages to road infrastructure in several regions of Jakarta Province, such as Mutiara Beach, West Cengkareng, and Pademangan.&#160;Keywords: coastal areas, DInSAR, land subsidence, satellite imagery, Sentinel-1A

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Is There Deep-Seated Subsidence in the Houston-Galveston Area?

International Journal of Geophysics ◽

10.1155/2014/942834 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jiangbo Yu ◽

Guoquan Wang ◽

Timothy J. Kearns ◽

Linqiang Yang

Keyword(s):

Land Subsidence ◽

Groundwater Level ◽

Land Surface ◽

The Past ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

Different Depths ◽

Subsidence Monitoring ◽

Near Future ◽

Land Subsidence Rate

Long-term continuous groundwater level and land subsidence monitoring in the Houston-Galveston area indicates that, during the past two decades (1993–2012), the groundwater head has been increasing and the overall land subsidence rate has been decreasing. Assuming that the hydraulic head in the aquifer will reach or exceed the preconsolidation level in the near future, will subsidence in the Houston-Galveston area eventually cease? The key to answer this question is to identify if there is deep-seated subsidence in this area. This study investigated the recent subsidence observed at different depths in the Houston-Galveston area. The subsidence was recorded by using 13 borehole extensometers and 76 GPS antennas. Four of the GPS antennas are mounted on the deep-anchored inner pipes of borehole extensometers. We conclude that recent subsidence (1993–2012) in the Houston-Galveston area was dominated by the compaction of sediments within 600 m below the land surface. Depending on the location of specific sites, the compaction occurred within the Chicot aquifer and part or all of the Evangeline aquifer. No measurable compaction was observed within the Jasper aquifer or within deeper strata. Deep-seated subsidence is not likely occurring in the Houston-Galveston area.

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Hydrologic control on natural land subsidence in the shallow coastal aquifer of the Ravenna coast, Italy

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-382-263-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 382 ◽

pp. 263-268

Author(s):

Marco Antonellini ◽

Beatrice Maria Sole Giambastiani ◽

Nicolas Greggio ◽

Luciana Bonzi ◽

Lorenzo Calabrese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Water Table ◽

Land Subsidence ◽

Coastal Aquifer ◽

Elastic Component ◽

Data Set ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

Natural Land ◽

Primary Consolidation ◽

Land Subsidence Rate

Abstract. Multiple processes contributing to natural land subsidence in a shallow coastal aquifer near Ravenna (Italy) were identified by analysing the relationships among different data set time series (water table level, rainfall, land reclamation drainage, sea level, etc.) and establishing the correlations with vertical ground motion observed at a high-resolution settlement gauge. Our study highlights the presence of three deformation components related to different processes controlling land subsidence: elastic, delayed-elastic, and irreversible (plastic) components. The elastic and delayed-elastic components are closely related to water table fluctuations that change the effective stress in two portions of the coastal aquifer at a daily (in the sandy unconfined portion) and seasonal time scales (in the layered clay-rich semi-confined prodelta portion), respectively. The irreversible component represents the trend in the land subsidence time series and is due to primary consolidation (pore pressure dissipation) of the fine-grained prodelta levels above where the settlement gauge is located. The amplitudes of the elastic component can be up to 0.2–0.3 mm whereas the amplitude of the delayed-elastic component reaches 0.89 mm. The primary consolidation rate of deformation is 0.9 mm yr−1 and constrains the likely age of prodelta sediments deposition to 1300–2800 years before present. The delayed-elastic subsidence rate has similar magnitude to that due to primary consolidation and is connected to poroelastic effects in the prodelta sequence following seasonal variations in water table. Our findings are important for planning land subsidence management and monitoring strategies especially where the surface aquifer structure is heterogeneous due to different depositional settings. The natural land subsidence rate in the Holocene sediments of the shallow coastal aquifer of Ravenna (North eastern Italy) that we measured in this study accounts for 10 %–20 % of the total current land subsidence rate observed in this portion of Ravenna coastal area (10–20 mm yr−1).

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Subsidence monitoring with TerraSAR-X data in Beijing Central Business District and subway tunnelings, China

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-382-125-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 382 ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fengkai Li ◽

Huili Gong ◽

Beibei Chen ◽

Mingliang Gao ◽

Chaofan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Land Subsidence ◽

Large Scale ◽

Central Business District ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Additional Stress ◽

Engineering Construction ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

Business District ◽

Land Subsidence Rate ◽

Building Loads

Abstract. Land subsidence caused by large-scale engineering construction may damage the surrounding infrastructures and cause huge economic losses in inner-city environments. In this study, we used PS-InSAR technology on 68 TerraSAR-X images to acquire deformation in the Beijing Plain between February 2010 and December 2018. Then, we calculated the additional stress derived from building loads using the method proposed by Boussinesq in the Central Business District (CBD). We found that the depth of influence of additional stresses induced by building loads was 80 m and that spatial distribution pattern of the land subsidence rate agreed well with the additional stress. We found that the influence range of ground subsidence caused by metro construction is 200 m at Ciqikou station by analyzing the subsidence rate profile perpendicular to subway line No. 7 and that the maximum land subsidence rate is 23.2 mm yr−1. Time series analysis of PS around Ciqikou station shows that land subsidence caused by excavation activities mainly occurs in the period of metro construction. Ground deformation rate decreases gradually after 372 d of subway operation. The results of both cases show that large-scale engineering construction will lead to significant land subsidence which should be considered in future urbanization.

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LAND SUBSIDENCE MONITORING ON THE UNDERGROUND MRT CONSTRUCTION AREA IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA

ECOTROPHIC Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) ◽

10.24843/ejes.2020.v14.i02.p09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 190

Author(s):

Chara Bernike ◽

Masahiko Nagai ◽

Takahiro Osawa

Keyword(s):

Land Subsidence ◽

Land Surface ◽

Vertical Movement ◽

Tectonic Activity ◽

Geological Condition ◽

Large Area ◽

Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽

Alos Palsar ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

Land Subsidence Rate

Space utilization for measurement of the changes of Earth’s surface is an alternative monitoring technique. Covering a large area with better spatial resolution, comparable accuracy and costly low compared with conventional measurement have made SAR technology more popular in monitoring the subsidence. Land subsidence is the vertical movement of the land surface mainly triggered by fluid extraction, load of construction, geological condition, natural compaction or tectonic activity. Previous researchers have found that Jakarta has experienced land subsidence for decades. On the other hand, rapid urban growth and severe congestion problem in Jakarta are also crucial issues. By providing the first MRT subway, it is expected to be solved the congestion problem. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) is one of method to identify the deformation with millimeter accuracy. It was perfectly useful for studied on the land subsidence in consequence of the first MRT subway project in Jakarta. The land displacement monitoring along MRT subway trajectory has been acquired by processing Sentinel 1 and ALOS PALSAR-2. This study was able to investigate the land subsidence by using SARPROZ. Finally, the results of this study indicated that land subsidence occurred in the construction area with the lowest land subsidence rate of -0.6 cm/year and the highest land subsidence rate was -7.3 cm/year. Keywords: PSInSAR; subway; land subsidence; MRT.

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Regulating Subsidence and its uncertainty in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-382-63-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 382 ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Johannes A. de Waal ◽

Mathijs W. Schouten

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Land Subsidence ◽

Wadden Sea ◽

Gas Production ◽

Reservoir Rock ◽

Proper Management ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

Non Linear ◽

Regulatory Approach

Abstract. At the start of gas production its effects on land subsidence are not certain. There are uncertainties in mechanisms, models and parameters. Examples are non-linear deformation of reservoir rock, fault transmissibility, behaviour of overlaying salt and aquifer activity. Looking back at historical cases in the Netherlands, a factor two or three difference between initial prediction and final outcome is quite common. As the Dutch regulator, SSM is tasked with assuring proper management by operators of the risks associated with land subsidence from natural gas production in The Netherlands. Large initial uncertainties can only be tolerated if operators can demonstrate that timely actions can still be taken when predefined subsidence limits are at risk of being exceeded now or in the future. The applied regulatory approach is illustrated by the case history of gas production induced subsidence in the Dutch Wadden Sea area. This environmentally highly sensitive UNESCO World Heritage Site is a natural gas province. Extensive legal, technical and organisational frameworks are in place to prevent damage to its natural values. Initial uncertainties in the predicted subsidence (rate) were later exacerbated by the detection of strong non-linear effects in the observed subsidence behaviour, leading to new concerns. It was realised that – depending on the underlying physical cause(s) – there will be a different impact on future subsidence. To assure proper management of the additional uncertainty by the operator, several improvements in the regulatory approach have been implemented. Possible underlying mechanisms had to be studied in depth and improved data analysis techniques were requested to narrow down uncertainties as time progresses. The approach involves intensified field monitoring, scenario's covering the full range of uncertainties and a particle filter approach to handle uncertainties in predictions and measurements. Spatial-temporal double differences, production data and the full covariance matrix are used to confront scenario predictions against measurements and to assess their relative probability. The regulator is actively involved in assuring this integrated control loop of predictions, monitoring, updating, mitigation measures and the closing of knowledge gaps. The regulator involvement is supported in the Mining law and by appropriate conditions in the production plan assent. With the approach it can be confidently assured that subsidence (rate) will remain within the allowed range.

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The Effect of Suffusion Phenomenon in the Increasing of Land Subsidence Rate

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2016-00000036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

pp. 316-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elmira Khaksar Najafi ◽

Hadi Faghihmaleki

Keyword(s):

Land Subsidence ◽

Alluvial Soil ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Seepage Flow ◽

Internal Erosion ◽

Alluvial Soils ◽

Sedimentary Deposits ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

Internal Instability ◽

Ground Surface Settlement

Land subsidence is defined as gradually ground surface settlement in an aquifer due to the compaction of unconsolidated sedimentary deposits. Since in an aquifer, deposits consist of cohesive or non-cohesive alluvial soil layers. The consolidation theory cannot be explained as the only reason for land subsidence. According to the susceptibility of alluvial soils to suffusion, internal erosion is also considerable to enhance the rate of the local settlement. Suffusion is explained as a process of soil particle movement in the soil body due to the effect of seepage flow on it. The subsidence rate in southwest and south of Tehran in Iran is very considerable whereby some structures have suffered significant damages due to this phenomenon. In this research, the contribution of suffusion and land subsidence was investigated in damaged building located at Ghale Morghi Street in southwest of Tehran, as a case history. Because of the incapability of available methods, in this article, a probability pattern is also proposed using statistical analysis for determination the likelihood of internal instability in alluvial soils in regard to soil cohesiveness.

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