The urban electric bus, a sustainable solution to increase energy efficiency of public transport and reduce atmospheric pollution in the cities

Research in this paper comprised experimental determination of energy efficiency of different bus subsystems (diesel bus, trolleybus and fully electric bus) on chosen public transport route in Belgrade. Experimental measuring of energy efficiency of each bus type has been done based on the analysis of parameters of vehicle driving cycles between stops. Results of this analysis were basis for development of theoretical simulation model of energy efficiency. The model was latter compared with the results of simulation done by "Solaris bus & Coach" company for the chosen electric bus route. Based on demonstrated simulation, characteristics of electric bus batteries were defined, the method and dynamic of their recharge was suggested, as well as choice for other aggregates for drive system and technical characteristics for the electric buses were suggested.

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Perspectives and Regulation of the Russian Market for Project-based Transactions under the Kyoto Protocol

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2008-10-108-125 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 108-125

Author(s):

K. Zavodov

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Market Mechanism ◽

Point Of View ◽

Market Regulation ◽

Foreign Investments ◽

Russian Market ◽

Increase Energy Efficiency ◽

New Form ◽

Contract Structure ◽

Carbon Fund

Project-based transactions (PBTs) are a market mechanism of attracting foreign investments in order to abate greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency of the country’s enterprises. The article provides a classification and analyzes advantages and drawbacks of PBTs from the point of view of a host country. The main trends and factors determining the dynamics of the PBT market are described. Given that Russia currently lags behind the leaders of the PBT market, an incorporation of a state carbon fund is put forward with an aim of channelling PBTs through it. This paper proposes a form of PBT market regulation by incorporating an option mechanism into the contract structure of a transaction. A comparison of the new form of regulation with the tools that are currently in use in Russia and other countries demonstrates its greater economic efficiency under uncertainty.

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IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS AND RESIDENTIAL HOUSES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

Science and Innovative Technologies ◽

10.33942/sit002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-17

Author(s):

Turatbek Kasymov

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Energy System ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Kyrgyz Republic ◽

Technical Standards ◽

Insulating Materials ◽

Increase Energy Efficiency ◽

State Construction ◽

The Government

This article reviews energy consumption in the Kyrgyz Republic economy, environmental indicators and strategies to further develop the national fuel and energy system to ensure energy efficiency and energy saving. An existing situation in energy efficiency of buildings in the country is described. Secondary legislation and by-laws approved by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic as well as several technical standards, norms, methods and guidelines approved by the order of the State Construction Agency of the Kyrgyz Republic are presented. Applying modern insulating materials are suggested as possible solutions to increase energy efficiency and energy saving. The advantages of EPS-beton in comparison with other thermal insulation materials are discussed and foreign experience of use of EPS-beton products in increasing energy efficiency of buildings is presented.

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Implementing Electromobility in Public Transport in Poland in 1990–2020. A Review of Experiences and Evaluation of the Current Development Directions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13074009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 4009

Author(s):

Marcin Połom ◽

Paweł Wiśniewski

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Public Transport ◽

Online Survey ◽

Small Towns ◽

The European Union ◽

Operational Capabilities ◽

Electric Bus ◽

Low Emission ◽

National Programs ◽

Regional Authorities

Public transport has undergone major changes in recent years. In particular, they relate to the issue of environmental impact. Due to the significant emission of pollutants from the economy, in particular from the transport segment, member states of the European Union have taken measures to limit its scope. Only low-emission and zero-emission vehicles are to be used in transport, and mainly those that are powered by electricity in public transport. The development of battery technologies has led to a revolution in the range and operational capabilities of electric buses in the last decade. They have become a seemingly easy alternative to traditional electric vehicles in public transport—trams and trolleybuses. This article presents the possibilities and limitations of the development of public transport in Poland based on electric buses. An attempt was made to review the literature and compare the possibility of the functioning of buses, trams and trolleybuses in the Polish socio-economic, environmental and technological conditions. The article was based on a literature query, an analysis of unpublished materials, and a qualitative analysis of national programs endorsing the idea of electromobility as well as an online survey on the perception of electric public transport. The main goal of the article was to identify and evaluate the possibilities of developing public transport in Poland with the use of electric buses. The main results of the work include the demonstration that the optics of the national and regional authorities in Poland are focused mainly on electric buses without a thorough analysis of the legitimacy of their operation, especially in small towns. The incentive in the form of subsidizing the purchase of an electric bus is sufficient for them, and the future effects of using electric buses are not investigated.

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A review of challenges and benefits of integration of CHP plant into the grid: a case study in Serbia

Electrical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s00202-021-01271-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rade M. Ciric ◽

Sasa N. Mandic

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Increase Energy Efficiency ◽

High Voltage Supply ◽

The Republic ◽

Technical Solutions ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe Republic of Serbia must make significant efforts to promote and exploit renewable energy sources and increase energy efficiency in all energy sectors to ensure energy security and economic competitiveness, reduce the negative impact on the environment from energy production and use, and contribute to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. Within the paper several issues of integration of recently realized CHP plant are introduced and discussed. Firstly, the legal and energy policy issues in the Republic of Serbia regarding connecting CHP to the grid are presented. The challenges and technical solutions for CHP connection to the grid, as well as power quality issues and the role of the CHP plant during the restoration of power supply during the maintenance of the substation and unplanned loss of high voltage supply, are presented and discussed. Finally, the impact of prospective massive integration of CHP on the energy balance and CO2 emission reduction in the province of Vojvodina in Serbia is investigated and discussed. Since it is the first CHP plant realized in Serbia, it is crucial that experience be shared to all potential stakeholders in the future energy efficiency projects.

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A GRASP Approach for Solving Large-Scale Electric Bus Scheduling Problems

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14206610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6610

Author(s):

Raka Jovanovic ◽

Islam Safak Bayram ◽

Sertac Bayhan ◽

Stefan Voß

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

High Speed ◽

Large Scale ◽

Integer Program ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Mixed Integer Program ◽

Scheduling Problems ◽

Electric Bus ◽

Battery Capacity

Electrifying public bus transportation is a critical step in reaching net-zero goals. In this paper, the focus is on the problem of optimal scheduling of an electric bus (EB) fleet to cover a public transport timetable. The problem is modelled using a mixed integer program (MIP) in which the charging time of an EB is pertinent to the battery’s state-of-charge level. To be able to solve large problem instances corresponding to real-world applications of the model, a metaheuristic approach is investigated. To be more precise, a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) algorithm is developed and its performance is evaluated against optimal solutions acquired using the MIP. The GRASP algorithm is used for case studies on several public transport systems having various properties and sizes. The analysis focuses on the relation between EB ranges (battery capacity) and required charging rates (in kW) on the size of the fleet needed to cover a public transport timetable. The results of the conducted computational experiments indicate that an increase in infrastructure investment through high speed chargers can significantly decrease the size of the necessary fleets. The results also show that high speed chargers have a more significant impact than an increase in battery sizes of the EBs.

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EFFICIENCY INCREASE IN THE ENERGY SAVING PROGRAM IN RUSSIA

Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление ◽

10.26456/2219-1453/2021.1.133-143 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 133-143

Author(s):

Анатолий Петрович Дзюба

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Russian Regions ◽

Total Contribution ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Increase Energy Efficiency ◽

Russian Economy ◽

Regional Group ◽

Efficiency Increase ◽

Federal Districts

Цель статьи - представить разработанную автором методику ранжирования регионов России по уровню общего вклада в реализацию комплекса мер в энергосбережение и повышение энергетической эффективности экономики России. Автором проведено эмпирическое исследование промежуточных результатов реализации мер по повышению энергетической эффективности в России за период 2010-2019 гг. Выполнено исследование направления и динамики изменения потребления электроэнергии за исследуемый период на уровне федеральных округов и регионов России. Научная новизна заключается в выполнении ранжирования регионов, либо территориальных образований по уровню общего вклада каждого региона на основе разработанных показателей. Такое ранжирование выполнено и относительно роста спроса и общего вклада регионов в электропотребление на уровне общего экономического пространства. На основе полученных результатов автором проведена группировка регионов с целью предоставления рекомендаций для каждой региональной группы, направленных на повышение энергетической эффективности в масштабах экономики России. The article is devoted to the description of the methodology developed by the author for ranking Russian regions according to the level of total contribution to the implementation of a set of measures in energy conservation and increasing the energy efficiency of the Russian economy. The author conducts an empirical study of the intermediate results of the implementation of measures to increase energy efficiency in Russia for the period 2010-2019. The study analyzes the direction and dynamics of changes in electricity consumption for the period under study at the level of federal districts and regions of Russia. On the basis of the ranking results obtained, the author has grouped the regions with recommendations for each regional group according to the need to improve energy efficiency on the scale of the Russian economy.

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