Extracting High-Volume Traffic Routes from AIS Spatial Distribution Maps

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Grobler ◽  
W. Kleynhans
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Distribution Maps

Distribution of fungi in a Triassic fern stem

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J. Harper ◽  
Jean Galtier ◽  
Thomas N. Taylor ◽  
Edith L. Taylor ◽  
Ronny Rößler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Fossil Plant ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fungal Distribution ◽  
Fungal Associations

ABSTRACTDocumented evidence of fungi associated with Mesozoic ferns is exceedingly rare. Three different types of fungal remains occur in a portion of a small, permineralised fern stem of uncertain systematic affinities from the Triassic of Germany. Exquisite preservation of all internal tissues made it possible to map the spatial distribution of the fungi in several longitudinal and transverse sections. Narrow, intracellular hyphae extend through the entire cortex, while wide hyphae are concentrated in the cortical intercellular system adjacent to the stele and leaf traces. Hyphal swellings occur in the phloem and adjacent cortex, while moniliform hyphae (or chains of conidia) are present exclusively in parenchyma adjacent to the stele. No host response is recognisable, but host tissue preservation suggests that the fern was alive during fungal colonisation. The highest concentration of fungal remains occurs close to the stele and leaf traces, suggesting that the fungi either utilised the vascular tissues as an infection/colonisation pathway or extracted nutrients from these tissues. This study presents the first depiction of fungal distribution throughout a larger portion of a fossil plant. Although distribution maps are useful tools in assessing fungal associations in relatively small, fossil plants, preparing similar maps for larger and more complex fossils would certainly be difficult and extremely arduous.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sudan 2010-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Maweya Abdelbagi Elbasheer ◽  
Ayah Galal Abdelrahman Alkhidir ◽  
Siham Mohammed Awad Mohammed ◽  
Areej Abuelgasim Hassan Abbas ◽  
Aisha Osman Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Risk Areas

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide including Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan.Materials and methodsA facility based cross-sectional study was implemented in eighteen histopathology laboratories distributed in the three localities of Khartoum State on a sample of 4630 Breast Cancer cases diagnosed during the period 2010-2016. A master database was developed through Epi Info™ 7.1.5.2 for computerizing the data collected: the facility name, type (public or private), and its geo- location (latitude and longitude). Personal data on patients were extracted from their respective medical records (name, age, marital status, ethnic group, State, locality, administrative unit, permanent address and phone number, histopathology diagnosis). The data was summarized through SPSS to generate frequency tables for estimating prevalence and the geographical information system (ArcGIS 10.3) was used to generate the epidemiological distribution maps. ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis features were used to develop risk maps based on the kriging method.ResultsBreast cancer prevalence was 3.9 cases per 100,000 female populations. Of the 4423 cases of breast cancer, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST) was the most frequent (79.5%, 3517/4423) histopathological diagnosis. The spatial analysis indicated as high risk areas for breast cancer in Sudan the States of Nile River, Northern, Red Sea, White Nile, Northern and Southern Kordofan.ConclusionsThe attempt to develop a predictive map of breast cancer in Sudan revealed three levels of risk areas (risk, intermediate and high risk areas); regardless the risk level, appropriate preventive and curative health interventions with full support from decision makers are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Geostatistical Analysis for delineating sterile inclusions in Sidi Chennane' phosphatic series, Morrocco

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Khadija Baba ◽  
Lahcen Bahi ◽  
Latifa Ouadif
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Geostatistical Methods ◽  
Qualitative Interpretation ◽  
Phosphate Deposit ◽  
Squared Residuals ◽  
Geoelectric Data ◽  
Best Fit

<p>The anomalies detected in phosphatic series of Sidi Chennane, one of phosphatic basins in Morocco, hinder the proper exploitation of phosphate levels and the assessing phosphate reserves seems incorrect. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of geostatistical methods for delimitation of these disturbances. To cover all the zones being able to be disturbed, we carried out, during the geophysical prospection in a parcel of 50 ha, 5151 resistivity measurements as horizontal profiling using the well-known Schlumberger array, in order to map the spatial distribution of  the sterile hardpan inclusions.</p><p>Geostatistical tools were used to quantify the spatial correlation between apparent resistivity data. Semivariograms were obtained using a classical Matheron semivariogram estimator and fit to the experimental semivariograms obtained. We have selected those with the best fit in terms of sum of squared residuals (SSR).</p><p>Geostatistical analysis was performed using the software VESPER 1.63. Spatial distribution maps were made by ordinary kriging, the qualitative interpretation of these maps reflects that the exponential model is found to be the best model representing the spatial variability of our geoelectric data. The qualitative interpretation of the kriged resistivity maps allows defining resistivity contrast, consequently we have delimited the crossing dominate area from a “normal” into a “disturbed” area. Models of the geology were successfully obtained from geostatical method, which help mapping the phosphate deposit inclusions and the estimations of phosphate reserves were improved and better constrained.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Las anomalías detectadas en las series fosfóricas de Sidi Chennane, una de las cuencas fosfóricas de Marruecos, dificultan la explotación apropiada de los niveles de fosfato y hacen parecer incorrectos los cálculos de las reservas. El propósito de este estudio es la evaluación de los métodos geoestadísticos para la delimitación de estas anomalías. Para cubrir todas las zonas donde se pueden presentar estas alteraciones se llevaron a cabo,durante la exploración geofísica en una parcela de 50 hectáreas, 5151 medidas de resistividad con perfileshorizontales a través del conocido sondeo Schlumberger, con el fin de mapear la distribución espacial de las inclusiones estériles de la capa sólida.</p><p>Se utilizaron herramientas geoestadísticas para cuantificar la correlación espacial entre los datos de resistividad. Se obtuvieron semivariogramas a través del tradicional estimador de semivariogramas Matheron y se adecuaron a los semivariogramas experimentales obtenidos. La selección se basó en aquellos que mejor se acoplaban en términos de la suma de cuadrados residuales (SCE). Los análisis geoestadísticos se realizaron con el programa VESPER 1.63. Los mapas de distribución espacial se hicieron por Kriging regular, y la interpretación cualitativa de estos mapas refleja que el modelo exponencial es el que mejor representa la variablilidad espacial de estos datos geoeléctricos. La interpretación cualitativa de los mapas de resistividad obtenidos por la técnica del Kriging permite definir el contraste de resistencia, lo que fija el área entre los estándares de “normal” y “Con Alteraciones”. Los modelos geológicos fueron obtenidos del método geoestadístico, lo que ayudó a mapear los depósitos de inclusiones de fosfato y mejoró las estimaciones de las reservas a través de una mejor definición de estas.</p><p> </p>

Spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters for groundwater quality evaluation in a part of Satluj River Basin, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1480-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Kumar Chaudhry ◽  
Kamal Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Afaq Alam
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract The rising population, contamination and mismanagement of groundwater worldwide require sustainable management techniques and strategies to prevent misuse of groundwater resources especially in the semi-arid regions of the world. The aim of the present study is to assess the distribution of contaminants in groundwater at a spatial level by using a geostatistical method, namely ordinary kriging. For this, a physico-chemical parameter data set at 14 sampling locations for a period over 25 years was assessed. Three semi-variogram models, namely exponential, Gaussian and spherical, fitted well for the data set and were cross-validated using predictive statistics. Based on nugget/sill ratio, which characterizes the overall spatial dependence of water quality parameters, it was observed that, apart from nitrate, all the other parameters showed moderate to weak spatial dependence (i.e. total hardness), indicating significant influence of urbanization, fertilization and industrialization. Spatial distribution maps of all the parameters were generated. Concentration of most of the parameters reported high values in the northern region, while silicon dioxide and potassium recorded high values in the southern and central regions of the study area respectively. The study highlighted the depleting groundwater resources in various regions of the study area, indicating that the groundwater quality is in a declining state.

Spatial Distribution Maps for Atom Probe Tomography

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Geiser ◽  
J. Schneir ◽  
J. Roberts ◽  
S. Wiener ◽  
D. J. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Atom Probe Tomography ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Distribution Maps

scholarly journals C Stock of Top Soil and It Spatial Distribution in Mangrove Community of Trimulyo, Semarang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Dhita Prasisca Mutiatari ◽  
Rudhi Pribadi ◽  
Nana Kariada Tri Martuti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C Stock

Mangrove ecosystem plays important role as carbon sink, not only on mangrove community but also on the top soil. The purposes of this research were 1) to estimates and compare C-stocks in vegetation and non-vegetation mangrove soils (represented by aquaculture ponds and mudflats); 2) modeling the spatial distribution of soil C-stocks in the study area. The purposive sampling method was used to determine 16 sample plots representing vegetation and non-vegetation mangroves. In each plot, the soil samples were taken on top soil layer (0-10 cm). For general display of spatial distribution maps of soil C-stocks, spatial interpolation is used by the Ordinary Kriging method. The result showed that total of soil C-stocks in coastal area of Trimulyo was 148.53 MgC ha-1, with composition of 53.59% in mangrove vegetation, 38.82% and 7.57% in cultivation pond and mudflat, respectively. Statistical analysis with ANOVA test showed no significant difference (ρ = 0.972) between soil C stock in vegetation and non-vegetation mangrove. It shows that the water column on the coast of Trimulyo has great potential as a carbon store.

Weed Seedbank Evaluating Method to Generate Spatial Distribution Maps

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Luciano Shiratsuchi ◽  
Fontes-José Antoniol ◽  
Silva-Rodrigo Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Evaluating Method

Spatial Distribution Maps for Atom Probe Tomography

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Geiser ◽  
Thomas F. Kelly ◽  
David J. Larson ◽  
Jason Schneir ◽  
Jay P. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Atom Probe Tomography ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Space Technique

A real-space technique for finding structural information in atom probe tomographs, spatial distribution maps (SDM), is described. The mechanics of the technique are explained, and it is then applied to some test cases. Many applications of SDM in atom probe tomography are illustrated with examples including finding crystal lattices, correcting lattice strains in reconstructed images, quantifying trajectory aberrations, quantifying spatial resolution, quantifying chemical ordering, dark-field imaging, determining orientation relationships, extracting radial distribution functions, and measuring ion detection efficiency.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Medically Important Scorpions in Iran: A Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulood Mohammadi Bavani ◽  
Shahin Saeedi ◽  
Abedin Saghafipour
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
New Species ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Scorpion Envenomation ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Excel File

Context: There are three families and 66 species of scorpions in Iran, some of these species are medically relevant, and their sting has caused public health problems. Thus, identification of the new geographical distribution of scorpions and thee new species in very important. The goal of this study was to identify the distribution maps of Iranian scorpions that are medically important according to the latest information. Evidence Acquisition: This present study included a review of all the articles related to Iranian scorpions published in ISI, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases during 2008 - 2019, using the relevant MeSH keywords. The data were entered in an Excel file, and spatial distribution maps were prepared. Results: From the review of the related published documents, we found that there are 66 scorpion species in Iran, some scorpion names have been changed and new scorpion species have been added to Iranian scorpion fauna and the spatial distribution of some species has become wider. Conclusions: Considering the new distribution maps and data on Iranian scorpions, for scorpion envenomation treatment and control programs, these variations should be regarded.

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