Early-Stage Operation-Skipping Scheme for Low-Power Stochastic Image Processors

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisaku Katagiri ◽  
Naoya Onizawa ◽  
Takahiro Hanyu
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Image Processors

Early-Stage Definition of LPX: A Low Power Issue-Execute Processor

2003 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bose ◽  
D. Brooks ◽  
A. Buyuktosunoglu ◽  
P. Cook ◽  
K. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Definition Of

A read-disturb-free stable low power and high-density GNRFET 6T SRAM with multi-VT technology

Circuit World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-214
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar Patel ◽  
M.M. Malik ◽  
Tarun Kumar Gutpa
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Process Variation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Mass Storage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sram Cell

Purpose The performance of the conventional 6T SRAM cell can be improved by using GNRFET devices with multi-threshold technology. The proposed cell shows the strong capability to operate at the minimum supply voltage of 325 mV, whereas the conventional Si-CMOS 6 T SRAM unable to operate below 725 mV, which result in an acceptable failure rate.The advance of Si-CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) based 6 T SRAM cell faces inherent limitation with aggressive downscaling. Hence, there is a need to propose alternatives for the conventional cells. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to improve the performance of the conventional 6T SRAM cell using dual threshold technology, device sizing, optimization of supply voltage under process variation with GNRFET technology. Further performance can be enhanced by resolving half-select issue. Findings The GNRFET-based 6T SRAM cell demonstrates that it is capable of continued improve the performance under the process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations significantly better than its CMOS counterpart. Research limitations/implications Nano-material fabrication technology of GNRFETs is in the early stage; hence, the different transistor models can be used to evaluate the parameters of future GNRFETs circuit. Practical implications GNRFET devices are suitable for implementing low power and high density SRAM cell. Social implications The conventional Si-CMOS 6 T SRAM cell is a core component and used as the mass storage element in cache memory in computer system organization, mobile phone and other data storage devices. Originality/value This paper presents a new approach to implement an alternative design of GNRFET -based 6T SRAM cell with doped reservoirs that also supports process variation. In addition, multi-threshold technology optimizes the performance of the proposed cell. The proposed design provides a means to analyze delay and power of GNRFET-based SRAM under process variation with considering edge roughness, and offers design and fabrication insights for cell in the future.

Early-Stage Fluctuation in Low-Power Analog Resistive Memory: Impacts on Neural Network and Mitigation Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-943
Author(s):  
Zhizhen Yu ◽  
Zongwei Wang ◽  
Jian Kang ◽  
Yichen Fang ◽  
Yishao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Resistive Memory

Lung cancer photothermal ablation by low-power near-infrared laser and topical injection of indocyanine green

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-698
Author(s):  
Kentaro Hirohashi ◽  
Takashi Anayama ◽  
Hironobu Wada ◽  
Takahiro Nakajima ◽  
Tatsuya Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Infrared Laser ◽  
Ablation Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Ablation

Abstract OBJECTIVES Surgical treatment is the gold standard for the treatment of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. However, minimally invasive tumour ablation can be an alternative treatment for patients not eligible for surgery due to comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of photothermal ablation therapy using low-power near-infrared laser and topical injection of indocyanine green (ICG), a photosensitizer, in a preclinical study using a rabbit VX2 lung cancer model. METHODS Six New Zealand white rabbits were used. Five hundred microlitres of a suspension containing 0.5 × 107 VX2 cancer cells with growth factor-reduced Matrigel was inoculated into the right lung using an ultrathin bronchoscope. Three rabbits were treated with laser ablation therapy with topical injection of ICG, whereas another 3 rabbits were treated with laser ablation alone. All tumours were irradiated with a laser with 500-mW output at 808 nm for 15 min. The tumours were examined histopathologically to assess the state of ablation. RESULTS The maximum tumour surface temperatures in rabbits treated using ICG/laser and laser alone were higher than 58°C and lower than 40°C, respectively. The ablated areas in the rabbits treated with ICG/laser were significantly larger than those in the rabbits treated with laser alone (0.49 ± 0.27 vs 0.02 ± 0.002 cm2, respectively) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The photothermal treatment using the combination of low-power near-infrared laser and topical injection of ICG can ablate a larger tumour area than laser treatment alone.

The storage of artificially dried grass

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Winter Conditions

1. Experiments have been carried out to determine the relation between the moisture content of artificially dried grass and the relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. This relation is given by a smooth curve. At relative humidities which are typical of outdoor winter conditions in the British Isles (80–90%) the equilibrium moisture content lies between 18 and 30%.2. The rate of moulding is directly related to the relative humidity and therefore to the moisture content of the dried grass. For reasonably safe storage a relative humidity of 67 % should not be exceeded. This corresponds to a moisture content of roughly 13 %. Even this low value does not confer absolute immunity from mould growth.3. The importance of extending storage trials over long periods is stressed. In one instance storage for 300 days was required before mould growth occurred. Neglect of this fact may account for the widely held view that a relative humidity of 70–75 % provides safe storage conditions.4. Attempts to detect mould growth at an early stage by plating methods proved unsuccessful. It is shown that the two earliest and most reliable indications of mould growth are (i) the appearance of visible mycelium when the product is examined under a low-power objective, and (ii) the detection of a musty smell.

scholarly journals Grape Bunch Detection at Different Growth Stages Using Deep Learning Quantized Models

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
André Silva Aguiar ◽  
Sandro Augusto Magalhães ◽  
Filipe Neves dos Santos ◽  
Luis Castro ◽  
Tatiana Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The agricultural sector plays a fundamental role in our society, where it is increasingly important to automate processes, which can generate beneficial impacts in the productivity and quality of products. Perception and computer vision approaches can be fundamental in the implementation of robotics in agriculture. In particular, deep learning can be used for image classification or object detection, endowing machines with the capability to perform operations in the agriculture context. In this work, deep learning was used for the detection of grape bunches in vineyards considering different growth stages: the early stage just after the bloom and the medium stage where the grape bunches present an intermediate development. Two state-of-the-art single-shot multibox models were trained, quantized, and deployed in a low-cost and low-power hardware device, a Tensor Processing Unit. The training input was a novel and publicly available dataset proposed in this work. This dataset contains 1929 images and respective annotations of grape bunches at two different growth stages, captured by different cameras in several illumination conditions. The models were benchmarked and characterized considering the variation of two different parameters: the confidence score and the intersection over union threshold. The results showed that the deployed models could detect grape bunches in images with a medium average precision up to 66.96%. Since this approach uses low resources, a low-cost and low-power hardware device that requires simplified models with 8 bit quantization, the obtained performance was satisfactory. Experiments also demonstrated that the models performed better in identifying grape bunches at the medium growth stage, in comparison with grape bunches present in the vineyard after the bloom, since the second class represents smaller grape bunches, with a color and texture more similar to the surrounding foliage, which complicates their detection.

Tunneling Transistors Based on Graphene and 2-D Crystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1585-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdeep Jena
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Interband Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Phenomenon ◽  
Low Power Logic

As conventional transistors become smaller and thinner in the quest for higher performance, a number of hurdles are encountered. The discovery of electronic-grade 2-D crystals has added a new &#x201C;layer&#x201D; to the list of conventional semiconductors used for transistors. This paper discusses the properties of 2-D crystals by comparing them with their 3-D counterparts. Their suitability for electronic devices is discussed. In particular, the use of graphene and other 2-D crystals for interband tunneling transistors is discussed for low-power logic applications. Since tunneling phenomenon in reduced dimensions is not conventionally covered in texts, the physics is developed explicitly before applying it to transistors. Though we are in an early stage of learning to design devices with 2-D crystals, they have already been the motivation behind a list of truly novel ideas. This paper reviews a number of such ideas.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

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