On the Sensitivity of Implantable Antenna Performance to Variations in the Electrical Properties of Body Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Alemaryeen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Implantable Antenna

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Meander Line Implantable Antenna integrated with EBG Based Ground for Anatomical Realistic Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sadia Sultana ◽  
Rinku Basak
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Radiation Mechanism ◽  
Electromagnetic Band Gap ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Human Models ◽  
Implantable Antenna ◽  
Meander Line

A unique design and meander line implantable antenna is examined in this paper which satisfies the requirements of ultra-wide band. The designed antenna is integrated with the electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure based ground plane to enhance the performance. Rectangular electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures are represented here to evaluate the antenna performance. This compact and efficient MLA antenna is applied to improve the antenna performance for numerous implantable scenarios and biomedical applications. The proposed antenna with EGB ground plane is designed for both the simplified model and anatomical realistic models for the human body and executed the performance in bio-environment. To approve the results of implantable antennas more correctly, simulation is analyzed using anatomical realistic human models. The ultimate design has the whole dimension is 15.2 x 8.8 m2. The thickness of the antenna is about 0.8 mm. FR4 is chosen as the substrate material and Copper is chosen as the patch material. The antenna is enclosed biocompatible material with silicon inside the tissue in order to protect patient safety. Significant parameters such as S11 parameter, Far field (radiation pattern), VSWR, Efficiency, Directivity, Gain of the proposed antenna have calculated and measured the performance both the simplified and realistic human models. Comparison Analysis of S11 parameter for different substrate materials and patch materials have observed. The radiation mechanism and modified design of the implantable antenna reducing Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for safety issues. All the simulation results and measurements are obtained from CST Microwave Studio to validate the design.

scholarly journals Design Implantable Antennas with Human Body Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2285-2292
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Implantable Device ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Lower Band ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Implantable Antennas ◽  
Implantable Antenna

Implantable antenna devices have made great progress for healthcare services. Amongst the overall components of the implantable device, the antenna is the most important component that exists; it used to transmit the biological data wirelessly from inside the human body tissues to an external receiver. However, the human body tissues’ surrounding the antenna decrease the performance of the radiation antenna device, change its characteristics and absorbs most of its radiation. It also limits the size of the implantable device and its battery. Therefore, the design of the implanted antenna inside the human body requires many challenges while meeting many contradictory design parameters at the same time. Therefore, in this research, we mainly focused our spotlight on investigating and designing new antenna structures with robust performance against the human body tissue effect. In this research work, we presented two designs of a dual-band microstrip patch implantable antenna to operate ((401-406 MHz) Medical Device Radio-Communications (MedRadio), 433MHZ 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands, respectively. This is to satisfy the requirements of data transfer, power saving and wireless power transfer. The first design in this paper is a new shape of microstrip patch implantable antennas with meandered serpentine slot, with a single feed point. This shape of design allows us to increase the length of the current path in order to decrease the antenna size and covers MICS and ISM bands with new dimensions of (31 x 25 x 1.63) mm, the measured frequencies range we obtained it’s from 378MHz to 450 MHz (17.3%) at the lower band and from 2.46 to 2.68 GHz (8.56%) at the upper band for 𝑆11 less than -10 dB. The second simulated design is a compact dual-band Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) with Open-End Slots on ground with dimensions of (19.8x19.4x1.27) mm the measured frequencies from 325MHz to 407MHzrange at the lower band and from 2.412GHz to 2.482GHz for PIFA antenna, the designs of both antennae constructed and measured using CST and HFSS simulation and measurement setup. We also explained and demonstrated the performance of these antenna designs and the effect of human body tissue on antenna parameters, based on the reflection coefficient in normal and bent conditions.

scholarly journals Miniature Coplanar Implantable Antenna on Thin and Flexible Platform for Fully Wireless Intracranial Pressure Monitoring System

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Waqas A. Khan ◽  
Elham Moradi ◽  
Lauri Sydänheimo ◽  
Toni Björninen ◽  
Yahya Rahmat-Samii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
Implantable Antenna

Minimally invasive approach to intracranial pressure monitoring is desired for long-term diagnostics. The monitored pressure is transmitted outside the skull through an implant antenna. We present a new miniature (6 mm × 5 mm) coplanar implant antenna and its integration on a sensor platform to establish a far-field data link for the sensor readout at distances of 0.5 to 1 meter. The implant antenna was developed using full-wave electromagnetic simulator and measured in a liquid phantom mimicking the dielectric properties of the human head. It achieved impedance reflection coefficient better than −10 dB from 2.38 GHz to 2.54 GHz which covers the targeted industrial, scientific, and medical band. Experiments resulted in an acceptable peak gain of approximately −23 dBi. The implant antenna was submerged in the liquid phantom and interfaced to a 0.5 mW voltage controlled oscillator. To verify the implant antenna performance as a part of the ICP monitoring system, we recorded the radiated signal strength using a spectrum analyzer. Using a half-wavelength dipole as the receiving antenna, we captured approximately −58.7 dBm signal at a distance of 1 m from the implant antenna which is well above for the reader with sensitivity of −80 dBm.

Implantable CPW Fed Circular Slot Antennas at 2.45 GHz ISM Band for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ashok Kumar ◽  
T. Shanmuganantham
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Slot Antennas ◽  
Dielectric Parameters ◽  
Al2o3 Ceramic ◽  
Ism Band ◽  
Antenna Performance

A novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed circular slot antennas are proposed for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.48 GHz) applications. To make the designed antenna suitable for implantation, it is embedded in biocompatible Al2O3 ceramic substrate. The antenna was simulated by immersing it in a phantom liquid, imitating the electrical properties of the human muscle tissue. A study of the sensitivity of the antenna performance as a function of the dielectric parameters of the environment in which it is immersed was performed. Simulations in various dimensions state demonstrate that the antenna covers the complete ISM band. The demonstration among the design EM characteristics of the antenna is presented by current distributions.

Flexible and moon-shaped slot UWB implantable antenna design for head implants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1559-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Elyassi ◽  
Gholamreza Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Implantable Antenna ◽  
Simulation Results

In this paper, we present a novel flexible moon-shaped slot implantable antenna for neural recording systems and head implants. It covers both medical Industrial, Scientific and Medical band (2.45 GHz) and impulse ratio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) frequency range (3.1–10.6 GHz) for forward and backward telemetry applications. It has a simple and miniaturized structure in comparison with the antennas reported in the other researches. Furthermore, for adapting with natural curvature of human head, a flexible substrate is chosen with a good antenna performance under the bending. The proposed antenna is analyzed in a multi-layer box model of head tissues to speed up the antenna design procedures. On the basis of the simulation results, we achieved the good impedance matching over the desired frequency range (S11below −10 dB). Far-field characteristics are considered, as well. The directivity is in suitable range for UWB short-range communications and its mean value is 3.84 dBi. Finally, to take into account patents’ safety regulations and the effective isotropic radiated power restriction in the desired frequency range, the maximum power of transmitter has been calculated. A phantom containing a mixture of sugar and water is used to test the fabricated antenna. The measured parameters are well matched to the full-wave simulation results.

In situ TEM measurements of the electrical properties of interface dislocations

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1338-1339
Author(s):  
F. M. Ross ◽  
R. Hull ◽  
D. Bahnck ◽  
J. C. Bean ◽  
L. J. Peticolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Misfit Dislocations ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Strained Layer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Interfacial Dislocations

We describe an investigation of the electrical properties of interfacial dislocations in strained layer heterostructures. We have been measuring both the structural and electrical characteristics of strained layer p-n junction diodes simultaneously in a transmission electron microscope, enabling us to correlate changes in the electrical characteristics of a device with the formation of dislocations.The presence of dislocations within an electronic device is known to degrade the device performance. This degradation is of increasing significance in the design and processing of novel strained layer devices which may require layer thicknesses above the critical thickness (hc), where it is energetically favourable for the layers to relax by the formation of misfit dislocations at the strained interfaces. In order to quantify how device performance is affected when relaxation occurs we have therefore been investigating the electrical properties of dislocations at the p-n junction in Si/GeSi diodes.

The morphologies and electrical properties of indium contacts on (100) cadmium telluride surfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1422-1423
Author(s):  
A.M. Letsoalo ◽  
M.E. Lee ◽  
E.O. de Neijs
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Methanol Solution ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
Interfacial Layers ◽  
Semiconductor Contacts ◽  
Grown Single Crystal ◽  
Diamond Abrasive

Semiconductor devices require metal contacts for efficient collection of electrical charge. The physics of these metal/semiconductor contacts assumes perfect, abrupt and continuous interfaces between the layers. However, in practice these layers are neither continuous nor abrupt due to poor nucleation conditions and the formation of interfacial layers. The effects of layer thickness, deposition rate and substrate stoichiometry have been previously reported. In this work we will compare the effects of a single deposition technique and multiple depositions on the morphology of indium layers grown on (100) CdTe substrates. The electrical characteristics and specific resistivities of the indium contacts were measured, and their relationships with indium layer morphologies were established.Semi-insulating (100) CdTe samples were cut from Bridgman grown single crystal ingots. The surface of the as-cut slices were mechanically polished using 5μm, 3μm, 1μm and 0,25μm diamond abrasive respectively. This was followed by two minutes immersion in a 5% bromine-methanol solution.

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