High Speed Gas Density Measurements Using Proton Induced X-Rays

1979 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1411-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Thomson ◽  
K. A. Jamison
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Gas Density ◽  
Density Measurements

PHAX-SCAN: Functional integration of a Scanning Electron Microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Marc H. Peeters ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Over the past decades, the combination of energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays and scanning electron microscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for fast and reliable elemental characterization of a large variety of specimens. The technique has evolved rapidly from a purely qualitative characterization method to a reliable quantitative way of analysis. In the last 5 years, an increasing need for automation is observed, whereby energy-dispersive analysers control the beam and stage movement of the scanning electron microscope in order to collect digital X-ray images and perform unattended point analysis over multiple locations.The Philips High-speed Analysis of X-rays system (PHAX-Scan) makes use of the high performance dual-processor structure of the EDAX PV9900 analyser and the databus structure of the Philips series 500 scanning electron microscope to provide a highly automated, user-friendly and extremely fast microanalysis system. The software that runs on the hardware described above was specifically designed to provide the ultimate attainable speed on the system.

scholarly journals Electron density and gas density measurements in a millimeter-wave discharge

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 083512 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Schaub ◽  
J. S. Hummelt ◽  
W. C. Guss ◽  
M. A. Shapiro ◽  
R. J. Temkin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Gas Density ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Wave Discharge

Detector commissioning and development for PETRA-III

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (SRMS-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pennicard ◽  
Heinz Graafsma ◽  
Michael Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Silicon Detectors ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synchrotron Light

The new synchrotron light source PETRA-III produced its first beam last year. The extremely high brilliance of PETRA-III and the large energy range of many of its beamlines make it useful for a wide range of experiments, particularly in materials science. The detectors at PETRA-III will need to meet several requirements, such as operation across a wide dynamic range, high-speed readout and good quantum efficiency even at high photon energies. PETRA-III beamlines with lower photon energies will typically be equipped with photon-counting silicon detectors for two-dimensional detection and silicon drift detectors for spectroscopy and higher-energy beamlines will use scintillators coupled to cameras or photomultiplier tubes. Longer-term developments include ‘high-Z’ semiconductors for detecting high-energy X-rays, photon-counting readout chips with smaller pixels and higher frame rates and pixellated avalanche photodiodes for time-resolved experiments.

Production of X-Rays by High Speed Argon Ions

1937 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 781-782
Author(s):  
M. Tanaka ◽  
I. Nonaka
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Argon Ions

scholarly journals High Speed, High Resolution pnCCDs as Two Dimensional Imaging Spectrometers for X-rays and Electrons

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (S3) ◽  
pp. 652-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Soltau ◽  
R. Hartmann ◽  
P. Holl ◽  
S. Ihle ◽  
H. Ryll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Two Dimensional

scholarly journals In situ damage assessment using synchrotron X-rays in materials loaded by a Hopkinson bar

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2015) ◽  
pp. 20130191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinong W. Chen ◽  
Matthew C. Hudspeth ◽  
Ben Claus ◽  
Niranjan D. Parab ◽  
John T. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Dynamic Experiments

Split Hopkinson or Kolsky bars are common high-rate characterization tools for dynamic mechanical behaviour of materials. Stress–strain responses averaged over specimen volume are obtained as a function of strain rate. Specimen deformation histories can be monitored by high-speed imaging on the surface. It has not been possible to track the damage initiation and evolution during the dynamic deformation inside specimens except for a few transparent materials. In this study, we integrated Hopkinson compression/tension bars with high-speed X-ray imaging capabilities. The damage history in a dynamically deforming specimen was monitored in situ using synchrotron radiation via X-ray phase contrast imaging. The effectiveness of the novel union between these two powerful techniques, which opens a new angle for data acquisition in dynamic experiments, is demonstrated by a series of dynamic experiments on a variety of material systems, including particle interaction in granular materials, glass impact cracking, single crystal silicon tensile failure and ligament–bone junction damage.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE AGENT PRODUCING LEUKOSIS AND SARCOMA OF FOWLS

1940 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvin A. Kabat ◽  
Jacob Furth
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Original Crude

The activity of the agent producing sarcoma or leukosis in material deposited by high speed centrifugation is the same as that of the original crude extracts. Material sedimentable at high speed containing approximately 10–5 mg. N produces tumors at the site of injection. Small quantities of material sedimentable at high speed are present in normal chicken sera, and about twice as much in leukemic sera (strain 1). Normal chicken and mouse spleens and all other human and mouse tissues examined contain large amounts of material sedimentable at high speed. Extraction of leukemic blood cells with saline yields little additional virus. The washed cells readily produce leukosis even after irradiation with amounts of x-rays sufficient to destroy the leukemic cells but not the virus. Freezing at –60°C. preserves the activity of the high speed deposits for at least 6 months. Addition of 5 per cent of saturated Na2SO4 solution slightly delays deterioration of high speed deposits in the ice box. Most of the agent measured by inoculation of chickens and the fraction sedimentable at high speed measured by its nitrogen content is precipitated by one-third saturation with sodium sulfate.

scholarly journals Thermal Characteristics of Positive Leaders under Different Electrode Terminals in a Long Air Gap

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du ◽  
Tang ◽  
Li ◽  
Zou ◽  
Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gas Density ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
The Difference

The thermal characteristics of the positive leader discharges occurring under the different electrode terminals in a 1 m rod-plate air gap were studied quantitatively using Mach–Zehnder interferometry and a high-speed video camera. When disturbed by the discharge channel, the interference fringes are distorted because of the change in the refractive index of air, which is related to the gas density. Therefore, the gas temperature and gas density distribution in the leader channel can be retrieved from the offset of the interference fringes. Based on these results, the thermal characteristics of the leader channel were studied under different electrode terminals with a radius of curvature of 2.5 mm and 5 mm for cone electrodes and a diameter of 40 mm for a spherical electrode. The results show that the gas temperature in the leader channel increased while the gas density decreased as the radius of curvature of the electrode terminal decreased. Additionally, a smaller radius of curvature leads to a larger thermal diameter, but the difference in the thermal diameter is not obvious; for the terminals used in this paper, the difference is within 2 mm.

Development of Oil Hydraulic Components Using a Flow Visualization Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuhiro Tsukiji ◽  
◽  
Eishin Noguchi ◽  
Futoshi Yoshida ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Ball Valve ◽  
Piston Pump ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Axial Piston Pump ◽  
Visualization Technique ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Axial Piston

In the present study, we succeed in observing cavitating flow near a notch (V-shaped groove) in a valve plate in an axial piston pump, and we improve an oil hydraulic ball valve, using the visualization technique. Our model of the axial piston pump, is designed to allow the jet flow near the notch and the cavitation cloud to be observed clearly from two directions using a high-speed video camera. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to estimate the occurrence and the region of the cavitation cloud. It is found that our CFD method is very useful for estimating the region of the cavitation cloud. It is further found that adding notches serves to greatly reduce the cavitation region. Using a commercially available digital video camera, a high-speed video camera, and X-rays source, we also succeed in improving an oil hydraulic ball valve by preventing vibration, cavitation, and the noise.

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