Cross‐sectional and prospective analyses with drinking characteristics across four scores from the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire and alcohol challenges

Based on prior research, multiple discriminable dimensions of interoception have been defined: awareness, accuracy and sensibility. Some investigators defined interoceptive awareness as metacognitive awareness of interoceptive accuracy, assessed as correspondence between subjective confidence in and objective accuracy of one's heartbeat detection. However, metacognitive awareness has been understood quite differently: ‘a cognitive set in which negative thoughts/feelings are experienced as mental events, rather than as the self’ or as ‘error awareness’. Interoceptive sensibility , defined as self-reported interoception, distinguishes self-reported interoception from objective interoceptive accuracy , but does not differentiate between anxiety-driven and mindful attention styles towards interoceptive cues, a distinction of key clinical importance: one attention style is associated with somatization and anxiety disorders; the other has been viewed as healthy, adaptive, resilience-enhancing. The self-report Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness was developed to differentiate these attention styles. It has been translated into 16 languages and applied in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Findings from these applications suggest that differentiating interoceptive sensibility according to attention style and regulatory aspects (i) provides insights into the psychology of interoceptive awareness, (ii) differentiates between clinically maladaptive and beneficial interoceptive attention, and (iii) helps elucidate therapeutic approaches that claim to provide health benefits by training mindful styles of bodily awareness. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

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A cross-sectional study of the self-report of stress among emergency department patients

Journal of Emergencies Trauma and Shock ◽

10.4103/0974-2700.55325 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

TedD Nirenberg ◽

Janette Baird ◽

Magdalena Harrington ◽

MichaelJ Mello ◽

Robert Woolard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Emergency Department Patients

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Quality of life of adolescents with cerebral palsy: agreement between self-report and caregiver’s report*

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.3928.3300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Ceravolo Ferreira ◽

Nathália Ribeiro Garcia ◽

Cejane Oliveira Martins Prudente ◽

Maysa Ferreira Martins Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Physical Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Activities ◽

Pedsql 4.0

Objective: to assess the quality of life (QOL) of adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) by self-report and by the caregiver’s report, and to analyze the agreement between these reports. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 101 adolescents with CP and 101 caregivers. Both answered the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), module 4.0 - Generic (PedsQL 4.0) and module 3.0 - PC (PedsQL 3.0). Agreement between reports was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (p<0.05). Results: the lowest scores were in physical health, school activities and fatigue in the self-report. The lowest scores were in physical health and daily activities, in the caregivers’ report. Perceptions among adolescents and caregivers differed in physical health, movement and equilibrium, daily and school activities, with a lower score for caregivers in all of them. The agreement between the self-report and the caregivers’ report was poor (ICC<0.44) and in both instruments, the caregivers’ report was less optimistic. Conclusion: physical health is the most impaired domain of the QOL of adolescents with CP, both in the self-report and in the caregivers’ report. However, there is poor agreement between these reports, emphasizing that the use of the caregivers’ report should be cautious.

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Mental health of Brazilian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e5129108758

Author(s):

Déborah Pimentel ◽

Daniel Lima Figueiredo ◽

Roberta Machado Pimentel Rebello de Mattos ◽

Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho Barreto

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Drug Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

Public Service ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impaired Sleep

Aim: To identify the profile of Brazilian doctors and the prevalence of mental suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory quantitative study, performed between April and May 2020, using a sociodemographic questionnaire and a specific tool for tracking non-psychotic mental disorders: the Self Report Questionnaire. Results: Participant profile: women (68.1%), between 31 and 40 years old (39.9%), married or with partners (59.9%), without children (53.3%), with up to five years of graduation (30.9%), and working in public service (40.7%). The doctors (49.79%) show strong signs of mental suffering, with impaired sleep, headache, and psychotropic drug use. Many of them feel easily tired and have difficulty in satisfactorily carrying out daily activities. Many are tense, nervous or worried (77.4%); feel sad and are crying more than usual. Among them, 34.8% are losing interest in things, 14.6% feel they are useless, and 4.3% have suicidal thoughts. Conclusions: Almost half of the Brazilian doctors (49.79%) show strong signs of mental suffering, with a level of tension, nervousness and worry that affects more than half of the professionals. Ongoing programs for the prevention of mental disorders and suicide during and after the COVID-19 pandemic are required.

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Prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and street drugs consumption in adult Latin American immigrants

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0104-11692012000300014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 528-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José Rafael González-López ◽

María de los Ángeles Rodríguez-Gázquez ◽

María de las Mercedes Lomas-Campos

Keyword(s):

Risk Behaviors ◽

Latin American ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Latin American Immigrants

To estimate the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug consumption (through the self-report) in adult Latin-American immigrants of Seville, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a representative sample of 190 immigrants. The results showed that 61.4% of the participants had consumed alcohol in previous month before data collection, although 13.2% of them were at risk of alcoholism. Moreover, 30.0% were smokers. In addition, 5.3% of the interviewed people had consumed illicit psychoactive substances in the previous six months (Marihuana: 3.7%, hashish: 1.1% and cocaine: 0.5%). For all substances under analysis, the consumption prevalence was much higher in men from 25 to 39 years of age. In conclusion, prevalence levels of this consumption were high among the studied immigrants. Nurses could train the population in the prevention of these risk behaviors through preventive practices.

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Re-assessing the Validity of the Opioid Risk Tool in a Tertiary Academic Pain Management Center Population

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnx332 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 1382-1395 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Meredith R Clark ◽

Robert W Hurley ◽

Meredith C B Adams

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Low Risk ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Aberrant Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Aberrant Behaviors

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the validity of the Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) in a large. diverse population.DesignA cross-sectional descriptive study.SettingAcademic tertiary pain management center.SubjectsA total of 225 consecutive new patients, aged 18 years or older.MethodsData collection included demographics, ORT scores, aberrant behaviors, pain intensity scores, opioid type and dose, smoking status, employment, and marital status.ResultsIn this population, we were not able to replicate the findings of the initial ORT study. Self-report was no better than chance in predicting those who would have an opioid aberrant behavior. The ORT risk variables did not predict aberrant behaviors in either gender group. There was significant disparity in the scores between self-reported ORT and the ORT supplemented with medical record data (enhanced ORT). Using the enhanced ORT, high-risk patients were 2.5 times more likely to have an aberrant behavior than the low-risk group. The only risk variable associated with aberrant behavior was personal history of prescription drug misuse.ConclusionsThe self-report ORT was not a valid test for the prediction of future aberrant behaviors in this academic pain management population. The original risk categories (low, medium, high) were not supported in the either the self-reported version or the enhanced version; however, the enhanced data were able to differentiate between high- and low-risk patients. Unfortunately, without technological automation, the enhanced ORT suffers from practical limitations. The self-report ORT may not be a valid tool in current pain populations; however, modification into a binary (high/low) score system needs further study.

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The “self” in pain: high levels of schema-enmeshment worsen fibromyalgia impact

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04740-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Myrella Paschali ◽

Asimina Lazaridou ◽

Eric S. Vilsmark ◽

Jeungchan Lee ◽

Michael Berry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Pain Severity ◽

Pictorial Representation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediation Analyses

Abstract Objective Chronic pain can have detrimental effects on quality of life and a profound impact on one’s identity. The Pictorial Representation of Illness- and Self-Measure (PRISM), is a visual tool designed to measure the self-illness separation (SIS) that represents the degree of schema-enmeshment (i.e., the degree to which the self-schema and the illness-schema come to overlap). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between schema-enmeshment and pain-related outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 114 patients with fibromyalgia completed self-report assessments of pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, anxiety, and depression. SIS was assessed using an iPad version of PRISM. Mediation analyses evaluated the mediating role of schema-enmeshment on the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact. Results A higher degree of schema-enmeshment was associated with greater pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, and depression. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that schema-enmeshment significantly mediated the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that schema-enmeshment is associated with greater intrusiveness of chronic pain on everyday life, thereby posing significant limitations on the emotional and physical well-being of fibromyalgia patients. Schema-enmeshment also appears to partly account for the deleterious effect of pain catastrophizing on disease impact. The PRISM is a simple tool that may uniquely capture the extent to which chronic pain and illness infiltrates and affects one’s self-concept.

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Good cop, bad cop

Educational Management Administration & Leadership ◽

10.1177/1741143216659293 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 944-958 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Izhak Berkovich ◽

Ori Eyal

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Field Survey ◽

School Principals ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Emotional States ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary School Principals

Research on school principals’ behaviours that affect teachers’ emotional states is limited. Currently, the focus is primarily on extreme manifestations of mistreatment and emotional abuse; normative daily behaviours, such as emotionally manipulative ones, have yet to be explored. The purpose of the present study is to investigate primary school principals’ manipulative behaviours, that is, principals’ actions aimed at enlisting others to advance their goals by stimulating emotions. Based on the self-report scale of Austin et al. (2007), we developed a modified other-report scale to explore principals’ emotionally manipulative behaviours with both negative and positive orientations. The scale was used in a cross-sectional field survey, in which teachers rated their principals’ manipulative behaviours. We found support for the prevalence of both types of principals’ emotionally manipulative behaviours and of their effects on teachers’ negative and positive emotions arising from interactions with the principals. We also found that principals who ranked higher in negative and positive emotionally manipulative behaviours self-reported having greater controlling tendencies. The findings and their implications are discussed.

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Perceptions of Fitspiration Posts on Social Media and Subjective Wellbeing Indicators Among College Students: The Potential Roles of Social Comparison Orientation and Regulatory Focus (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.26204 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kristen Marie Pasko ◽

Danielle Arigo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

College Students ◽

Social Media ◽

Social Comparison ◽

Regulatory Focus ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Comparison Orientation ◽

Negative Feelings

BACKGROUND Information shared via social media influences college students’ self- perceptions and behavior, particularly fitspiration posts (i.e., images of healthy food, people exercising, or fitness quotations). Mixed findings currently exist regarding the mental health implications of fitspiration and its potential to motivate healthy behavior. Individual differences such as social comparison orientation and regulatory focus might aid in determining for whom fitspiration use may be helpful versus harmful, though these characteristics have received little attention in relation to students’ fitspiration perceptions. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study examined relations between students’ fitspiration use (i.e., intentional vs. unintentional exposure while using social media), response tendencies (i.e., feelings about the self and motivation for exercise on average), social comparison orientation, and regulatory focus. METHODS Participants (n=336 college students, 70% women) completed an electronic survey in which they self-reported the frequency of their social media use, exposure to fitspiration, typical feelings in response to fitspiration, and typical motivation for physical activity after viewing fitspiration posts. They also completed validated self-report measures of social comparison orientation and regulatory focus. RESULTS College students reported frequent exposure to fitspiration posts on social media, and they experienced negative feelings in response to these posts more often than positive feelings. Average motivation for physical activity was rated as “some of the time”. However, students who reported more negative feelings on average after viewing fitspiration also reported greater motivation for exercise after exposure. Relations between the frequency of intentional fitspiration use and motivation for physical activity after viewing fitspiration posts was moderated by social comparison orientation (b = -0.01, P = 0.03) but not by regulatory focus (b = -0.002, P = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS Negative feelings about the self may be motivating for students with weak social comparison orientation, as fitspiration may highlight a discrepancy between one’s real and ideal self that do not prompt dejection or disengagement. In contrast, negative feelings for prevention-focused students might not be as motivating because there are no salient negative outcomes to avoid. Further research into these relations is warranted, and could inform future efforts to promote student health and wellbeing during college.

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