Increase in coronary atherosclerosis severity and the prevalence of coronary artery mixed plaques in patients with psoriasis

Aim. To study the association of cytokine status with coronary atherosclerosis severity in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Material and methods. Between 11.2018 and 07.2019, 92 patients hospitalized with MI in Perm Clinical Cardiology Dispensary were included in the study. The control group consisted of 23 patients with stable coronary artery disease. In addition to the standard examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of interleukins (IL)-6, -10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein.Results. Significant increase in plasma IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein levels in MI patients compared with the control group. The increase in the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, as well as the IL-6/IL-10 ratio occurs in proportion to coronary atherosclerosis severity. A direct correlation of Gensini score with IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio was established.Conclusion. Further study of cytokine profile parameters in MI patients will help a clearer understanding pathogenesis of coronary artery atherosclerosis. An increase in concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio is associated with an increase in coronary atherosclerosis severity and can be used in practice for its prediction.

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Relationship Between Epicardial Fat volume on Cardiac CT and Atherosclerosis Severity in Three-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1152183/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Sun ◽

Xiao-gang Li ◽

Kai Xu ◽

Jie Hou ◽

Hong-rui You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Epicardial Fat Volume ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Fat Volume ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Vessel Coronary Artery ◽

Atherosclerosis Severity

Abstract Background The ideal treatment strategy for stable three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) patients are difficult to determine and for patients undergoing conservative treatment, imaging evidence of coronary atherosclerotic severity progression remains limited. Epicardial fat volume (EFV) on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has been considered to be associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between EFV level and coronary atherosclerosis severity in three-vessel CAD. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 252 consecutive patients with three-vessel CAD and 252 normal control group participants who underwent CCTA between January 2018 and December 2019. A semi-automatic method was developed for EFV quantification on CCTA images, standardized by body surface area. Coronary atherosclerosis severity was evaluated and scored by the number of coronary arteries with ≥ 50% stenosis on coronary angiography. Patients were subdivided into groups on the basis of lesion severity: mild (score = 3 vessels, n = 85), moderate (3.5 vessels ≤ score < 4 vessels, n = 82), and severe (4 vessels ≤ score ≤ 7 vessels, n = 85). The independent sample t-test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the associations between EFV level and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Results Compared with normal controls, three-vessel CAD patients had significantly higher EFV level (65 ± 22 mL/m2 vs. 48 ± 19 mL/m2; P < 0.001). In patients with three-vessel CAD, there was a progressive decline in EFV level as the score of coronary atherosclerosis severity increased, especially in those patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (75 ± 21 mL/m2 vs. 72 ± 22 mL/m2 vs. 62 ± 17 mL/m2; P < 0.05). Multivariable regression analysis showed that both BMI (OR: 3.40, 95%CI: 2.00 - 5.78, P < 0.001) and the score of coronary atherosclerosis severity (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26 - 0.93, P<0.05) were independently related to the change of EFV level. Conclusion Three-vessel CAD patients do have higher EFV level than the normal controls. While, there may be an inverse relationship between EFV level and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with three-vessel CAD.

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Impact of age and sex on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in a healthy asian population

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Wong ◽

J Yap ◽

KK Yeo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Asian Population ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background and Aims The influence of age and gender on clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well reported, but literature remains sparse on whether these extend to the disease in its preclinical stage. We aim to report the prevalence, risk-factors and impact of age and gender on the burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in a healthy Asian population. Methods Healthy subjects aged 30-69 years old, with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes were recruited from the general population. Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was quantified via the Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) with CACS of 0 indicating the absence of calcified plaque, 1 to 10 minimal plaque, 11 to 100 mild plaque, and >100 moderate to severe plaque. Results A total of 663 individuals (mean age 49.4 ± 9.2 years, 44.8% male) were included. The prevalence of any CAC was 29.3% with 9% having CAC > 100. The prevalence was significantly higher in males than females (43.1 vs 18.0%, p < 0.001). These gender differences became increasingly pronounced with increasing age, especially in those with moderate-severe CAC. Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between increasing age, male, higher blood pressure, increased glucose levels and higher LDL cholesterol levels with the presence of any CAC. LDL cholesterol was more significantly associated with CAC in females compared to males (Pinteraction = 0.022). Conclusions The prevalence of preclinical atherosclerosis increased with age, and was higher in males than females, with gender-specific differences in associated risk factors. These results will better inform individualised future risk management strategies to prevent the development and progression of coronary artery disease within healthy individuals.

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Circulating miRNAs Are Associated with the Systemic Extent of Atherosclerosis: Novel Observations for miR-27b and miR-146

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 318

Author(s):

Tiago Pereira-da-Silva ◽

Patrícia Napoleão ◽

Marina C. Costa ◽

André F. Gabriel ◽

Mafalda Selas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Potential Biomarkers ◽

Atherosclerosis Severity

The mechanisms that regulate the systemic extent of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. We investigated whether the expression of circulating miRNAs is associated with the extent of stable atherosclerosis to a single territory or multiple territories (polyvascular) and with the severity of atherosclerosis in each territory. Ninety-four participants were prospectively recruited and divided into five age- and sex-matched groups: presenting no atherosclerosis, isolated coronary atherosclerosis, coronary and lower extremity atherosclerosis, coronary and carotid atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis of the coronary, lower extremity, and carotid territories. The expression of six circulating miRNAs with distinct biological roles was assessed. The expression of miR-27b and miR-146 differed across groups (p < 0.05), showing a decrease in the presence of atherosclerosis, particularly in the three territories. miR-27b and miR-146 expression decreased in association with a higher severity of coronary, lower extremity, and carotid atherosclerosis. Polyvascular atherosclerosis involving the three territories was independently associated with a decreased miR-27b and miR-146 expression. Both miRNAs presented an area under the curve of ≥0.75 for predicting polyvascular atherosclerosis involving the three territories. To conclude, miR-27b and miR-146 were associated with the presence of severe polyvascular atherosclerosis and with the atherosclerosis severity in each territory. Both are potential biomarkers of severe systemic atherosclerosis.

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Sport specific incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification among amateur athletes: a follow-up of the Measuring Athletes Risk of Cardiovascular events (MARC) study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

V Aengevaeren ◽

A Mosterd ◽

T.L Braber ◽

H.M Nathoe ◽

T.M.H Eijsvogels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Funding Source ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Amateur Athletes ◽

Entire Cohort

Abstract Background Emerging evidence indicates increased coronary atherosclerosis in amateur athletes. However, previous studies were limited by its cross-sectional design and limited sample size, preventing the exploration of sport specific associations with coronary atherosclerosis. Purpose We aimed to compare the incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) between runners, cyclists and other types of athletes using a prospective cohort study with repetitive measurements. Methods Asymptomatic middle-aged men, who previously underwent a sports medical evaluation without abnormalities, were recruited in the Measuring Athlete's Risk of Cardiovascular events (MARC) study (n=318) and were asked to participate in this follow-up study. CT imaging was performed to assess CAC scores. Data was collected between 2012–2014 (i.e. baseline) and 2019–2020 (i.e. follow-up). We categorized participants as runners, cyclists or “other” sports (e.g. water polo, tennis, hockey, etc.) based on their dominant sport performance at baseline. Results We included 260 men in this interim analysis, with an average follow-up time of 6.3±0.5 years. Age (61.4±6.4 years), systolic blood pressure (143±20 mmHg), BMI (25.2±2.8 kg/m2), LDL-cholesterol (3.2±0.9 mmol/L), smoking (0.3 [0–8] pack years) and family history of coronary heart disease (28%) did not differ between runners (n=64), cyclists (n=75) and other athletes (n=121, all p>0.05). CAC was present in 137 (53%) men at baseline, which increased to 181 (70%) at follow-up. CAC scores increased from 1 [0–33] to 33 [0–129]. Cyclists had a lower CAC prevalence and CAC scores compared to individuals performing other sports at follow-up (Figure 1). Of those without CAC at baseline (n=123, 47%), cyclists less often developed CAC during follow-up compared with runners (adjusted OR=0.36 [0.17–0.79], p=0.01). In the entire cohort, CAC progression (ln delta CAC+1) was less prominent in cyclists than runners (adjusted B=−0.75 [−1.39 to −0.11], p=0.02), whereas progression of CAC in participants performing other sports did not differ from the runners. In participants with CAC at baseline, cyclists also had less CAC progression than runners (B=−0.49 [−0.95 to −0.02], p=0.04). Conclusion Cyclists have a lower incidence and less progression of CAC during 6 years of follow-up compared with runners and individuals performing other sports. Figure 1. Sport specific CAC prevalence and scores Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Hartstichting

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Association between circular RNA expression content and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in human coronary artery

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis ◽

10.1002/jcla.23552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Can Hou ◽

Lingfeng Gu ◽

Yi Guo ◽

Yaqing Zhou ◽

Lei Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Circular Rna ◽

Rna Expression ◽

Human Coronary Artery

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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of statins: an update on pleiotropic effects

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20150027 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 129 (2) ◽

pp. 93-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Mamoru Satoh ◽

Yuji Takahashi ◽

Tsuyoshi Tabuchi ◽

Yoshitaka Minami ◽

Makiko Tamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Plaque Instability ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Reductase Inhibitors ◽

Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The efficacy and safety of statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) in primary and secondary prevention of CAD are confirmed in several large studies. It is well known that statins have some pleiotropic, anti-atherosclerotic effects. We review the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of statins revealed in recently published studies. Endothelial cell injury is regarded as the classic stimulus for the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, the inflammatory process plays an important role in the aetiology of atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic inflammation plays a key role in coronary artery plaque instability and subsequent occlusive thrombosis. Our previous reports and others have demonstrated beneficial effects of statins on endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation in CAD. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the effectiveness of statins against atherosclerosis may provide a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. The present review summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanism of statins against coronary atherosclerosis.

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Effects of Intensive Multiple Risk Factor Reduction on Coronary Atherosclerosis and Clinical Events in Men and Women With Coronary Artery Disease

Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/00008483-199501000-00011 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 74-75

Author(s):

W L Haskell ◽

E L Alderman ◽

J M Fair ◽

D J Maron ◽

S F Mackey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Multiple Risk Factor ◽

Men And Women ◽

Clinical Events ◽

Risk Factor Reduction ◽

Multiple Risk ◽

Artery Disease

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Abstract P040: Animal and Vegetable Protein Intake and Coronary Artery Calcium - The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p040 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuni Choi ◽

Seungho Ryu ◽

Yoosoo Chang ◽

Jung Eun Lee ◽

Eunju Sung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Vegetable Protein ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Dietary Protein Intake

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the association between type and amount of dietary protein intake and clinically evident cardiovascular disease, with inconsistent findings, and no study has investigated the association between type and amount of dietary protein intake and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Hypothesis: We examined the associations of total, animal, and vegetable protein intakes with coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a large population of asymptomatic adults. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 29,034 asymptomatic young and middle-aged adults (mean age 41.6 years; males 80.3%) who are free of clinically evident cancer or cardiovascular disease. All participants underwent a health screening examination including cardiac computed tomography for CAC scoring and completed a food frequency questionnaire at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea from March, 2011 to April, 2013. Protein intake and other nutrient intake were adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method. Multivariable-adjusted CAC score ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by robust Tobit regression models for natural logarithm (CAC score + 1). Results: The proportion of study participants with detectable CAC (CAC score > 0) was 13.4 %. After adjustment for total energy intake, other nutrient intake, and potential confounding factors, we found an increased prevalence of CAC with higher animal protein intake, but not with total and vegetable protein intakes. In multivariable-adjusted models, CAC ratios (95% CIs) comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles were 1.82 (1.09-3.04; P for trend = 0.01) for animal protein intake, 1.25 (0.87-1.81; P for trend = 0.13) for vegetable protein intake, and 1.19 (0.74-1.93; P for trend = 0.59) for total protein intake. Conclusion: High animal protein intake, but not total or vegetable protein, was associated with an increased prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and with a greater degree of coronary calcification.

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