The development of uncertainty monitoring during kindergarten: Change and longitudinal relations with executive function and vocabulary in children from low‐income backgrounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Gonzales ◽  
Alexis Merculief ◽  
Megan M. McClelland ◽  
Simona Ghetti
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Uncertainty Monitoring

Associations of physical activity and gross motor skills with executive function in preschool children from low-income South African settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. e12820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caylee J. Cook ◽  
Steven J. Howard ◽  
Gaia Scerif ◽  
Rhian Twine ◽  
Kathleen Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
South African ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

One or two years of participation: Is dosage of an enhanced publicly funded preschool program associated with the academic and executive function skills of low-income children in early elementary school?

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshini K. Shah ◽  
Celene E. Domitrovich ◽  
Nicole R. Morgan ◽  
Julia E. Moore ◽  
Brittany R. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Elementary ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Preschool Program ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Early Elementary School

Effects on Mathematics and Executive Function of a Mathematics and Play Intervention Versus Mathematics Alone

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Clements ◽  
Julie Sarama ◽  
Carolyn Layzer ◽  
Fatih Unlu ◽  
Lily Fesler
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Play Intervention ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Preschool Classrooms

Early education is replete with debates about “academic” versus “play” approaches. We evaluated 2 interventions, the Building Blocks (BB) mathematics curriculum and the BB synthesized with scaffolding of play to promote executive function (BBSEF), compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) control using a 3-armed cluster randomized trial with more than 1,000 children in 84 preschool classrooms across three districts (multiracial or multiethnic, low income, 27% English Language Learner). Impact estimates for BBSEF were mixed in sign, small in magnitude, and insignificant. Most impact estimates for BB were positive, but only a few were statistically significant, with more in the kindergarten year (delayed effects), including both mathematics achievement and executive function (EF) competencies. Gains in both mathematics and EF can be mutually supportive and thus resist the fade-out effect.

Cognitive function in early psychosis patients from a low-income country

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s254-s254
Author(s):  
M.O. Husain ◽  
I.B. Chaudhry ◽  
T. Kiran ◽  
R. Thomasson ◽  
N. Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Wide Range

BackgroundCognitive impairments are well established findings in schizophrenia and are associated with significant impairment of social functioning. Episodic memory, working memory and executive function test scores are typically 1 standard deviation below healthy controls. There are reports suggesting the presence of neurocognitive deficits prior to illness onset, opening the possibility of using cognitive profiles as disease markers. Interest in exploring cognitive functioning in early stages schizophrenia has continued to grow, as earlier treatments could possibly lead to improved outcomes.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional assessment of cognitive profiles in patients with early psychosis. A total of 51 patients suffering from psychosis in the age group of 18–65 years were recruited and matched with 51 healthy controls. A wide range of neurocognitive domains were assessed using standardised neuropsychological tests.ResultsThere was evidence of statistically significant impairments in cognitive functioning across a broad range of cognitive domains in early-psychosis patients, as compared to healthy controls. More pronounced deficits were seen in executive function tests.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to report cognitive deficits across a range of domains in patients with first episode psychosis from a low-income country. This study found deficits across multiple domains, including language, memory, attention, executive function, and visuospatial function in patients with early psychosis. Evidence of neuropsychological deficits in the early course of the disease may highlight crucial therapeutic windows for both pharmacological treatments and cognitive rehabilitation. This may improve functional outcomes in this patient group in the longer term.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Culturally relevant stressors as moderators of intergenerational transmission of mother-adolescent executive function in Mexican immigrant families

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yeong Kim ◽  
Jiaxiu Song ◽  
Wen Wen ◽  
Shanting Chen ◽  
Minyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Culturally Relevant ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Mexican Immigrant ◽  
Mexican Immigrant Families

AbstractThe intergenerational transmission of executive function may be enhanced or interrupted by culturally salient environmental stressors that shape the practice of executive function in the family. Building upon past research, the current study tests whether culturally relevant stressors such as economic stress and foreigner stress have a direct effect on adolescent executive function, as well as whether they modify the intergenerational transmission of mother–child executive function (i.e., working memory, inhibitory control, and shifting) in low-income Mexican immigrant families. The sample consists of 179 Mexican American adolescents (Mage = 17.03 years; SDage = 0.83; 58% females) and their Mexico-born mothers (Mage = 43.25 years; SDage = 5.90). Results show that mothers’ perceived economic stress is associated with poor inhibitory control in adolescents. Low levels of mothers’ perceived foreigner stress related to a stronger association between mothers’ and adolescents’ working memory, while high levels of mothers’ perceived foreigner stress related to enhanced intergenerational transmission of poor shifting ability. Study findings demonstrate the prominence of perceived foreigner stress as a contextually relevant factor moderating the intergenerational transmission of mother–child executive function in low-income Mexican immigrant families.

The Heat Is On: A Mixed-Method Examination of Eating Behavior and Executive Functions Among Low Income Minority Girls During Summertime

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Heard Egbert ◽  
Amy M. Bohnert ◽  
Carolyn R. Bates ◽  
Dorothy M. Loren ◽  
Chloe Creber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Urban Minority ◽  
Minority Girls

Despite evidence that youth gain weight disproportionately over the summer months, few studies examine contributing obesogenic behaviors. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study examined associations between summertime dietary intake patterns and executive function among 79 low-income urban minority early adolescent girls (ages 9-13 years). Participants were interviewed via the multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall method and completed individually administered executive function tasks. A subsample of 14 parents completed interviews to gather qualitative information about summertime eating patterns. Results suggested that participants consumed 25% to 35% more daily calories than recommended, and inhibition difficulties were associated with higher calorie and sugar-sweetened soft drink intake. In addition, over one third of participants were classified as nighttime eaters, and these participants had more difficulty with inhibition, even when accounting for sleep influences, and consumed more soft drinks than daytime eaters. Qualitative interviews consistently indicated that summertime changes food consumption as well as the timing and structure of the meals.

scholarly journals Bilingual advantages in executive functioning: Evidence from a low-income sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 014272372110242
Author(s):  
Kandice S. Grote ◽  
Rose M. Scott ◽  
Jeffrey Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

Recent research suggests that bilinguals might exhibit advantages in several areas of executive function, including working memory, inhibitory control, and attentional control. However, few studies have examined potential bilingual advantages within lower socioeconomic status (SES) populations. Here we addressed this gap in the literature by investigating whether low-SES Spanish–English bilingual preschoolers exhibited advantages in executive function relative to two monolingual control groups (English, Spanish). Across three experiments, bilingual children exhibited superior performance on two different measures of visual–spatial memory, as well as measures of inhibitory and attentional control. These results suggest that bilinguals exhibit broad advantages in executive function during the preschool years, and these advantages are evident within a disadvantaged, low-SES population.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Household Income and Children’s Executive Function

Sexes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Shanika Boyce ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan ◽  
Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Household Income

The study aimed to investigate sex differences in the boosting effects of household income on children’s executive function in the US. This is a cross-sectional study using data from Wave 1 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Wave 1 ABCD included 8608 American children between ages 9 and 10 years old. The independent variable was household income. The primary outcome was executive function measured by the stop-signal task. Overall, high household income was associated with higher levels of executive function in the children. Sex showed a statistically significant interaction with household income on children’s executive function, indicating a stronger effect of high household income for female compared to male children. Household income is a more salient determinant of executive function for female compared to male American children. Low-income female children remain at the highest risk regarding poor executive function.

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