scholarly journals Beyond the male breadwinner: Life‐cycle living standards of intact and disrupted English working families, 1260–1850

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Horrell ◽  
Jane Humphries ◽  
Jacob Weisdorf
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Working Families

Generating Prosperity for Working Families in Affluent Countries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

This book addresses the central challenge facing rich countries: how to ensure that ordinary working families see their living standards and the prospects for their children improve rather than stagnate over time. It presents the findings from a comprehensive analysis of performance over recent decades across the rich countries of the OECD, in terms of real income growth around and below the middle. It relates this performance to overall economic growth, exploring why these often diverge substantially, and to the different models of capitalism or economic growth embedded in different countries. In-depth comparative and UK-focused analyses also focus on wages and the labour market and on the role of redistribution. Going beyond income, other indicators and aspects of living standards are also incorporated including non-monetary indicators of deprivation and financial strain, wealth and its distribution, and intergenerational mobility. By looking across this broad canvas, the book teases out how ordinary households have fared in recent decades in these critically important respects, and how that should inform the quest for inclusive growth and prosperity.

Living Standards and Prosperity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Core ◽  
Working Families ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

This introductory chapter develops and motivates the overarching topic of the book, which is how rich countries have fared in recent decades in terms of the generation of prosperity for ordinary working families and the lessons to be learned from analysing their performance. It sets out how this is at the core of current concerns and debates, not least about the impact of globalization and technological change and the growth in inequality, and the economic, social, and political consequences. It then provides an outline and roadmap of the structure of the book, in terms of the range of topics to be addressed. In doing so it sets out how the various elements fit together and contribute to the overall aim of the book.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

This chapter sets out the central challenge facing rich countries, on which this volume is focused: how to restore inclusive economic growth and prosperity. It describes how rising inequality in the rich countries over recent decades is now widely seen as undermining growth and even more so the living standards and prospects of ordinary working families. It reviews key themes in the debate about why inequality has been rising, and why this should be such a central concern. The chapter then outlines the approach taken in this book, which is to examine in depth the experiences of ten rich countries, posing the same set of questions about what has happened to inequality and ordinary living standards over recent decades, and why. The aim is to learn from these varying experiences, analysed through a common lens, about how inclusive growth can best be supported.

Life Cycle Management of Prefabricated Housing

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1476-1479
Author(s):  
Jie Ru Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Management Model ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Management Method ◽  
House Building

With the development of economy and the improvement of living standards, people pay much attention to quality of dwellings rather than quantity. What is more, the traditional house building method is inefficient and the poor quality cannot meet the demand of the market. Therefore, a new architecture building method, prefabricated housing appears and the management method also needs to be changed. This article analyses the features of prefabricated housing in order to build a new management model for Chinese prefabricated housing. The theory of life cycle management is chosen to manage this new building mode. The technology of BIM and mass customization strategy are treated as basic theories to support this essay. Det Ljuva Livet is used as an example to prove that the life cycle management of prefabricated housing is reasonable and feasible.

scholarly journals The ‘living wage’ and low income: Can adequate pay contribute to adequate family living standards?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Living Wage ◽  
Poverty Measure ◽  
Living Wages ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Low Pay

The success of the contemporary ‘living wage’ movement has been highlighted by the UK government’s decision to increase the statutory minimum wage for over-25s sharply, in the name of improving living standards. This breaks with neoliberal reluctance to intervene in labour markets, yet raises difficult issues centring around whether minimum hourly pay rates are suited to promoting adequate household incomes. At worst, ‘living wages’ could distract from other policies with this objective. This article acknowledges recent critiques of the living wage as an anti-poverty measure, but demonstrates that, in combination with other policies, wage floors can play a crucial role. It shows that low pay and inadequate working incomes overlap substantially. The article argues that governments promising that work will deliver adequate living standards need a clearer narrative in which pay, public transfers/subsidies and sufficient levels of employment combine to deliver minimum acceptable living standards for working families.

scholarly journals Escaping Malthus: Economic Growth and Fertility Change in the Developing World

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoumitro Chatterjee ◽  
Tom Vogl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Fertility Change ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Malthusian Trap

Following mid-twentieth century predictions of Malthusian catastrophe, fertility in the developing world more than halved, while living standards more than doubled. We analyze how fertility change related to economic growth during this episode, using data on 2.3 million women from 255 household surveys. We find different responses to fluctuations and long-run growth, both heterogeneous over the life cycle. Fertility was procyclical but declined and delayed with long-run growth; fluctuations late (but not early) in the reproductive period affected lifetime fertility. The results are consistent with models of the escape from the Malthusian trap, extended with a life cycle and liquidity constraints. (JEL D15, I12, I15, J13, J16, O15, O47)

Population Aging in Canada: What Life Cycle Deficit Age Profiles Are Telling Us about Living Standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-211
Author(s):  
Marcel Mérette ◽  
Julien Navaux
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Living Standards

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

A freeze-fracture-etched study of the physarum polycephalum plasma membrane during early formation of the macroplasmodial stage

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Randolph W. Taylor ◽  
Henrie Treadwell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Wire Screen ◽  
Wide Mouth ◽  
Sterile Filter

The plasma membrane of the Slime Mold, Physarum polycephalum, process unique morphological distinctions at different stages of the life cycle. Investigations of the plasma membrane of P. polycephalum, particularly, the arrangements of the intramembranous particles has provided useful information concerning possible changes occurring in higher organisms. In this report Freeze-fracture-etched techniques were used to investigate 3 hours post-fusion of the macroplasmodia stage of the P. polycephalum plasma membrane.Microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum (M3C), axenically maintained, were collected in mid-expotential growth phase by centrifugation. Aliquots of microplasmodia were spread in 3 cm circles with a wide mouth pipette onto sterile filter paper which was supported on a wire screen contained in a petri dish. The cells were starved for 2 hrs at 24°C. After starvation, the cells were feed semidefined medium supplemented with hemin and incubated at 24°C. Three hours after incubation, samples were collected randomly from the petri plates, placed in plancettes and frozen with a propane-nitrogen jet freezer.

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